1
|
Hager E, Lavage DR, Shirriel J, Catov J, Miller E, Krishnamurti T. A Model for Engaging Citizen Scientists: A Community-Partnered Research Collaboration to Address Inequities for Black Birthing People. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:1495-1505. [PMID: 39112837 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Co-creation of a citizen-science research initiative with a collaborative team of community members and university-based scientists to address regional disparities in maternal and fetal health outcomes for Black birthing people. DESCRIPTION Citizen scientist-led projects, where community members actively contribute to each discovery step, from setting a research agenda to collecting data and disseminating results, can extend community participatory research initiatives and help reconceptualize traditional research processes. The Pregnancy Collaborative is a citizen-science research initiative and one of nine scientific committees of The Pittsburgh Study-a longitudinal, community-partnered study designed to bring together collaborators to improve child thriving. ASSESSMENT Ten community members and five university-based scientists participated during all phases of developing a citizen-scientist collaboration over an initial two-and-a-half-year period. Phases include forming the Pregnancy Collaborative and group research ethics training; co-creating a research agenda grounded in shared principles; and community-partnered data collection, analysis, and dissemination. These phases produced three key co-designed products: (1) a mission and vision statement of the Pregnancy Collaborative, (2) a Collaborative-endorsed research agenda, and (3) a citizen-scientist-executed research survey. CONCLUSION Lessons learned from the formation of the Pregnancy Collaborative highlight the importance of equitable power distribution through bidirectional knowledge sharing and by centering intellectual effort, lived experience, and tools and resources of those affected by health inequities. Using a citizen science approach to co-designing and executing research helps us move maternal health inequity work from "research on" to "research with."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erricka Hager
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Daniel R Lavage
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jada Shirriel
- Healthy Start, Inc., 400 N. Lexington Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15208, USA
| | - Janet Catov
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Suite 2315, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tamar Krishnamurti
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Center for Innovative Research on Gender Health Equity (CONVERGE), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhawra J, Elsahli N, Patel J. Applying Digital Technology to Understand Human Experiences of Climate Change Impacts on Food Security and Mental Health: Scoping Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e54064. [PMID: 39042453 PMCID: PMC11303902 DOI: 10.2196/54064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global impact of climate change ranges from intense heatwaves to extreme weather events that endanger entire ecosystems and people's way of life. Adverse climate change events place undue stress on food and health systems, with consequences for human food security and mental health status. Ubiquitous digital devices, such as smartphones, have the potential to manage existing and emerging climate-related crises, given their ability to enable rapid response, instant communication, and knowledge sharing. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to identify digital apps being used to capture or address climate change impacts on food security and mental health to inform the development of a digital citizen science initiative. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using 3 peer-reviewed databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science) and manual gray literature searches of relevant organizational (ie, governmental and nonprofit) websites to identify articles and reports published between January 2012 and July 2023. Three separate searches were conducted in each database to identify digital apps focused on climate change and (1) food security, (2) mental health, and (3) food security and mental health. Two reviewers conducted initial screening, with a third reviewer resolving any discrepancies. Articles focused on climate change impacts on wildlife or agriculture (ie, not human food security) were excluded. Full-text screening was conducted for shortlisted articles, and a final data abstraction table was generated, summarizing key app features, contextual factors, and participant involvement. RESULTS From the 656 records screened, 14 digital apps met the inclusion criteria. The food security apps (n=7, 50%) aimed to capture traditional knowledge to preserve food systems, conduct food security assessments, and aid users in decreasing food insecurity risk. The mental health apps (n=7, 50%) assessed climate change-related stress and provided users with coping strategies following adverse weather events. No digital apps examined the intersection of climate change, food security, and mental health. Key app features included user-to-user communication (n=5, 36%), knowledge databases (n=5, 36%), data collection and analysis (n=3, 21%), gamification (n=1, 7%), and educational resources (n=2, 14%) to address climate change impacts on food security or mental health. In total, 3 approaches to participant involvement were used across studies, including contributory (n=1, 7%), collaborative (n=1, 7%), and cocreative (n=1, 7%) approaches, to ensure the relevance and use of digital apps. CONCLUSIONS Most digital apps identified provided a service to citizens to either prevent adverse climate change-related health impacts or manage these effects following an acute event or a natural disaster. The capacity of ubiquitous digital tools to enable near real-time communication, the involvement of various stakeholder groups, and their ability to share relevant educational resources in a timely manner are important for developing tailored climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies across jurisdictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bhawra
- CHANGE Research Lab, School of Occupational and Public Health, Faculty of Community Services, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nadine Elsahli
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jamin Patel
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Walker S, Kannan P, Bhawra J, Katapally TR. Evaluation of a longitudinal digital citizen science initiative to understand the impact of culture on Indigenous youth mental health: Findings from a quasi-experimental qualitative study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294234. [PMID: 38127846 PMCID: PMC10735025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous youth in settler nations are susceptible to poor mental health due to complex intergenerational systemic inequities. Research has shown benefits of cultural connectedness for improving mental health; however, there are few studies which have evaluated the impact of culturally relevant mental health interventions, particularly among Indigenous youth. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of a culturally-responsive, land-based, active living initiative on the mental health of Indigenous youth. METHODS This quasi-experimental qualitative study is part of Smart Indigenous Youth (SIY), a mixed-methods 5-year longitudinal digital citizen science initiative. SIY embeds culturally responsive, land-based active living programs into the curricula of high schools in rural Indigenous communities in the western Canadian province of Saskatchewan. In year-1 (Winter 2019), 76 Indigenous youth citizen scientists (13-18 years) from 2 schools participated in the study. At the beginning of the term, each school initiated separate 4-month land-based active living programs specific to their culture, community, geography, and language (Cree and Saulteaux). Before and after the term, focus groups were conducted with the 2 Youth Citizen Scientist Councils, which included students from both participating schools. This study includes data from focus groups of one participating school, with 11 youth citizen scientists (5 boys, 6 girls). Focus group data were transcribed and analyzed by two independent reviewers using Nvivo to identify themes and subthemes. Both reviewers discussed their thematic analysis to reach consensus about final findings. RESULTS Baseline focus group analyses (before land-based programming) revealed themes demonstrating the importance of Indigenous culture, identity, history, and language. Youth emphasized the impact of loss of language and culture, the importance of being a helper, and the necessity of intergenerational knowledge transfer. Follow-up focus group analyses (post land-based programming) indicated that cultural school programming led to students expressing positive mental health benefits, increased interest in ceremonies, increased participation in physical activity, and greater knowledge of culture, identity, and ceremonial protocol. CONCLUSIONS This novel qualitative quasi-experimental study offers a window into the future of upstream interventions in partnership with Indigenous communities, where Indigenous youth can be engaged in real-time via their digital devices, while participating in culturally-sensitive, land-based school programming that promotes culture, identity, and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Walker
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Prasanna Kannan
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Jasmin Bhawra
- CHANGE Research Lab, School of Occupational and Public Health, Faculty of Community Services, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tarun Reddy Katapally
- DEPtH Lab, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilkinson C, Llewellyn A, McCabe C. Is there a role for citizen science in death and dying research? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1241239. [PMID: 37794893 PMCID: PMC10546016 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1241239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought conversations about death and dying to the fore in a way not experienced for generations. This raises questions around perceptions of death and dying; the role of healthcare and the community in care; and the use of digital media for information and support. Public engagement can provoke a two-way conversation between researchers and the public and includes techniques that can engage the community not only with the topic but also in research. This perspective article considers the potential role of citizen science in death and dying research, including considerations around its potential benefits and constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Wilkinson
- Science Communication Unit, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Llewellyn
- Centre for Health and Clinical Research, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Dorothy House Hospice, Winsley, United Kingdom
| | - Candy McCabe
- Centre for Health and Clinical Research, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Dorothy House Hospice, Winsley, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ibrahim ST, Hammami N, Katapally TR. Traditional surveys versus ecological momentary assessments: Digital citizen science approaches to improve ethical physical activity surveillance among youth. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000294. [PMID: 37756285 PMCID: PMC10529555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of physical activity (PA) in minimizing non-communicable diseases is well established. Measurement bias can be reduced via ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) deployed via citizen-owned smartphones. This study aims to engage citizen scientists to understand how PA reported digitally by retrospective and prospective measures varies within the same cohort. This study used the digital citizen science approach to collaborate with citizen scientists, aged 13-21 years over eight consecutive days via a custom-built app. Citizen scientists were recruited through schools in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada in 2018 (August 31-December 31). Retrospective PA was assessed through a survey, which was adapted from three validated PA surveys to suit smartphone-based data collection, and prospective PA was assessed through time-triggered EMAs deployed consecutively every day, from day 1 to day 8, including weekdays and weekends. Data analyses included paired t-tests to understand the difference in PA reported retrospectively and prospectively, and linear regressions to assess contextual and demographic factors associated with PA reported retrospectively and prospectively. Findings showed a significant difference between PA reported retrospectively and prospectively (p = 0.001). Ethnicity (visible minorities: β = - 0.911, 95% C.I. = -1.677, -0.146), parental education (university: β = 0.978, 95% C.I. = 0.308, 1.649), and strength training (at least one day: β = 0.932, 95% C.I. = 0.108, 1.755) were associated with PA reported prospectively. In contrast, the number of active friends (at least one friend: β = 0.741, 95% C.I. = 0.026, 1.458) was associated with retrospective PA. Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of mortality globally, which requires accurate monitoring to inform population health interventions. In this digital age, where ubiquitous devices provide real-time engagement capabilities, digital citizen science can transform how we measure behaviours using citizen-owned ubiquitous digital tools to support prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheriff Tolulope Ibrahim
- DEPtH Lab, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nour Hammami
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Trent University Durham, 55 Thornton Road South, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tarun Reddy Katapally
- DEPtH Lab, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brodersen K, Hammami N, Katapally TR. Is excessive smartphone use associated with weight status and self-rated health among youth? A smart platform study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:234. [PMID: 36737745 PMCID: PMC9896672 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Canada, it is recommended that youth limit screen time to less than two hours per day, yet, the majority of youth are reportedly spending a significantly higher amount of time in front of a screen. This is particularly concerning given that these recommendations do not take into account smartphone devices, which is the most common screen time technology of choice for the younger generations. This study implements an innovative approach to understanding screen time behavior and aims to investigate the unique relationship between smartphone specific screen time and physical health outcomes. METHODS This cross-sectional study is part of the Smart Platform, a digital epidemiological and citizen science initiative. 436 youth citizen scientists, aged 13-21 years, provided all data via their own smartphones using a custom-built smartphone application. Participants completed a 124-item baseline questionnaire which included validated self-report surveys adapted to collect data specifically on smartphone use (internet use, gaming, and texting), demographic characteristics, and physical health outcomes such as weight status and self-rated health. Binary regression models determined the relationship between smartphone use and physical health outcomes. RESULTS Overall participants reported excessive smartphone use in all categories. 11.4% and 12% of the 436 youth participants reported using their smartphone excessively (greater than 2 h per day) during the week and weekend respectively for gaming and were over 2 times more likely than their peers to fall within an overweight/obese BMI status. Excessive weekend gaming was also associated with self-rated health where participants were over 2 times more likely than their peers to report poor self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that excessive screen time on smartphones does have complex associations with youth health. Further investigation with more robust study designs is needed to inform smartphone-specific screen time guidelines for youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Brodersen
- grid.57926.3f0000 0004 1936 9131Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, 2155 College Ave, Regina, Saskatchewan S4M 0A1 Canada
| | - Nour Hammami
- Trent University Durham, 55 Thornton Road South, Oshawa, Ontario L1J 5Y1 Canada
| | - Tarun Reddy Katapally
- DEPtH Lab, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6C2R5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qian W, Stanley KG, Osgood ND. Impacts of observation frequency on proximity contact data and modeled transmission dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010917. [PMID: 36848398 PMCID: PMC9997969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of many communicable diseases depends on proximity contacts among humans. Modeling the dynamics of proximity contacts can help determine whether an outbreak is likely to trigger an epidemic. While the advent of commodity mobile devices has eased the collection of proximity contact data, battery capacity and associated costs impose tradeoffs between the observation frequency and scanning duration used for contact detection. The choice of observation frequency should depend on the characteristics of a particular pathogen and accompanying disease. We downsampled data from five contact network studies, each measuring participant-participant contact every 5 minutes for durations of four or more weeks. These studies included a total of 284 participants and exhibited different community structures. We found that for epidemiological models employing high-resolution proximity data, both the observation method and observation frequency configured to collect proximity data impact the simulation results. This impact is subject to the population's characteristics as well as pathogen infectiousness. By comparing the performance of two observation methods, we found that in most cases, half-hourly Bluetooth discovery for one minute can collect proximity data that allows agent-based transmission models to produce a reasonable estimation of the attack rate, but more frequent Bluetooth discovery is preferred to model individual infection risks or for highly transmissible pathogens. Our findings inform the empirical basis for guidelines to inform data collection that is both efficient and effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Qian
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin Gordon Stanley
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Nathaniel David Osgood
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Bioengineering Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Do associations between suicide ideation and its correlates (substance use, anxiety, and depression) differ according to victimization type among youth? A Smart platform study. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101944. [PMID: 36161124 PMCID: PMC9502327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
23% of the youth reported suicide ideation in the past year. Suicide ideation was higher among those victimized by bullying. Suicide ideation was also higher with reported anxiety, or poor subjective health. Poor health did not play a role between victimization and suicide ideation.
The issues associated with mental health, substance misuse, and suicide ideation are complex and sensitive among youth. We sought to investigate the role that subjective health, internalizing and externalizing risk factors play in the association between victimization and suicide ideation among youth in Canada via used a custom-built digital epidemiological smartphone application (Smart Platform) on their personal smartphones. A sample of 818 youth citizen scientists in Saskatchewan, Canada downloaded the app to provide information on victimization, subjective health, internalizing problems (symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression), externalizing behaviours (cannabis use, alcohol, smoking), and suicide ideation. Binary regression models were used to estimate associations and controlled for gender, age, perpetration, and ethnicity. From our sample, 23% of youth reported suicide ideation (i.e., thoughts) in the past year. Three types of victimization (cyberbullied, made fun or teased, or bullied via being left out) are associated with a two-times higher risk of suicide ideation. Although certain risk factors (anxiety, poor subjective health, and cannabis use) were associated with higher suicide ideation risk, they did not moderate the association between victimization and suicide ideation. Symptoms of depression were found to be protective against suicide ideation. Suicide ideation is high among this sample of youth in Canada. Certain types of victimization, internalizing and externalizing risk factors, and poor subjective health are associated with a higher risk of suicide ideation. However, our findings confirm that the pathway from victimization to suicide ideation is complex and is potentially moderated by factors other than the ones explored here.
Collapse
|
9
|
Assessment of Citizens’ Perception of the Built Environment throughout Digital Platforms: A Scoping Review. URBAN SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/urbansci6030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: To assess the quality of the built environment, it is necessary to study both the physical components and the inhabitants’ perceptions. However, since objective indicators are easily measurable, most studies have centered only on analyzing the physical dimensions of cities. Currently, the massification of information technology and the emergence of digital platforms are offering new participatory channels for studying citizens’ perceptions of the built environment. (2) Objective: considering the scarcity of the theoretical and methodological approaches supporting this new research, the main objective of this article is centered on contributing to the field by developing a scoping review of the publications assessing the perception of the built environment through digital platforms and concluding with a conceptual framework to support future research. (3) Methods: to do so, 98 articles were reviewed and 21 of them were selected and studied in detail after applying a selection criteria identifying papers that analyzed the urban environment (Criteria 1), used participatory processes (Criteria 2), were developed with the support of digital platforms (Criteria 3), and were centered on the study urban places, therefore excluding mobility (Criteria 4), which was done in order to identify the main theoretical and methodological approaches used for studying perception in the built environment. (4) Results: The research identified Audit Tools and Perception Tools to study citizens’ perceptions. Audit Tools are methodologically related to Systematic Social Observation (SSO). Perception Tools rely on transactional person–environment or Public Participation as the main theories, followed by Subjective Wellbeing (SWB), Physical Activity (PA), and Social Sustainability as fields where these studies are being applied. Participatory mapping is identified as a general methodology, considered the basic technical tool of Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS). Place-based and Citizens Science are other methodologies supporting perception research. (5) Conclusions: Finally, the proposed framework for assessing the perception of the built environment supports the notion that, in order to study perception, both subjective and objective approaches are necessary. The subjective approach supports the study of the self-reported perceived environment while the objective approach is used to collect urban structure data so as to understand the socio-environmental context conditioning the experience.
Collapse
|
10
|
Marks L, Laird Y, Trevena H, Smith BJ, Rowbotham S. A Scoping Review of Citizen Science Approaches in Chronic Disease Prevention. Front Public Health 2022; 10:743348. [PMID: 35615030 PMCID: PMC9125037 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.743348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Citizen science approaches, which involve members of the public as active collaborators in scientific research, are increasingly being recognized for their potential benefits in chronic disease prevention. However, understanding the potential applicability, feasibility and impacts of these approaches is necessary if they are to be more widely used. This study aimed to synthesize research that has applied and evaluated citizen science approaches in chronic disease prevention and identify key questions, gaps, and opportunities to inform future work in this field. Methods We searched six databases (Scopus, Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed, and CINAHL) in January 2022 to identify articles on the use of citizen science in prevention. We extracted and synthesized data on key characteristics of citizen science projects, including topics, aims and level of involvement of citizen scientists, as well as methods and findings of evaluations of these projects. Results Eighty-one articles reported on citizen science across a variety of health issues, predominantly physical activity and/or nutrition. Projects primarily aimed to identify problems from the perspective of community members; generate and prioritize solutions; develop, test or evaluate interventions; or build community capacity. Most projects were small-scale, and few were co-produced with policy or practice stakeholders. While around half of projects included an evaluation component, overall, there was a lack of robust, in-depth evaluations of the processes and impacts of citizen science projects. Conclusions Citizen science approaches are increasingly being used in chronic disease prevention to identify and prioritize community-focused solutions, mobilize support and advocacy, and empower communities to take action to support their health and wellbeing. However, to realize the potential of this approach more attention needs to be paid to demonstrating the feasibility of using citizen science approaches at scale, and to rigorous evaluation of impacts from using these approaches for the diverse stakeholders involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Marks
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yvonne Laird
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Trevena
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben J. Smith
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha Rowbotham
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Decolonizing Digital Citizen Science: Applying the Bridge Framework for Climate Change Preparedness and Adaptation. SOCIETIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soc12020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research has historically exploited Indigenous communities, particularly in the medical and health sciences, due to the dominance of discriminatory colonial systems. In many regions across Canada and worldwide, historical and continued injustices have worsened health among Indigenous Peoples. Global health crises such as climate change are most adversely impacting Indigenous communities, as their strong connection to the land means that even subtle changes in the environment can disproportionately affect local food and health systems. As we explore strategies for climate change preparedness and adaptation, Indigenous Peoples have a wealth of Traditional Knowledge to tackle specific climate and related health issues. If combined with digital citizen science, data collection by citizens within a community could provide relevant and timely information about specific jurisdictions. Digital devices such as smartphones, which have widespread ownership, can enable equitable participation in citizen science projects to obtain big data for mitigating and managing climate change impacts. Informed by a Two-Eyed Seeing approach, a decolonized lens to digital citizen science can advance climate change adaptation and preparedness efforts. This paper describes the ‘Bridge Framework’ for decolonizing digital citizen science using a case study with a subarctic Indigenous community in Saskatchewan, Canada.
Collapse
|
12
|
Katapally TR. Cannabis use and suicidal ideation among youth: Can we democratize school policies using digital citizen science? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263533. [PMID: 35157726 PMCID: PMC8843173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School policies and programs are important in preventing Cannabis use among youth. This study uses an innovative digital citizen science approach to determine the association between Cannabis use and suicidal ideation among youth while investigating how school health policies mediate this association. METHODS The study engaged 818 youth (aged 13-18 years) and 27 educators as citizen scientists via their own smartphones. Youths responded to time-triggered validated surveys and ecological momentary assessments to report on a complex set of health behaviours and outcomes. Similarly, educators' reported on substance misuse and mental health school policies and programs. Multivariable logistic regression modeling and mediation analyses were employed. RESULTS 412 youth provided data on substance misuse and suicidal ideation. Cannabis use and other factors such as bullying, other illicit drug use, and youth who identified as females or other gender were associated with increased suicidal ideation. However, school policies and programs for substance misuse prevention did not mediate the association between Cannabis use and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS In the digital age, it is critical to reimagine the role of schools in health policy interventions. Digital citizen science not only provides an opportunity to democratize school policymaking and implementation processes, but also provides a voice to vulnerable youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, United Kingdom
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- College of Medicine, Health Science Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee EW, McCloud RF, Viswanath K. Designing Effective eHealth Interventions for Underserved Groups: Five Lessons From a Decade of eHealth Intervention Design and Deployment. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e25419. [PMID: 34994700 PMCID: PMC8783288 DOI: 10.2196/25419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the proliferation of eHealth interventions, such as web portals, for health information dissemination or the use of mobile apps and wearables for health monitoring, research has shown that underserved groups do not benefit proportionately from these eHealth interventions. This is largely because of usability issues and the lack of attention to the broader structural, physical, and psychosocial barriers to technology adoption and use. The objective of this paper is to draw lessons from a decade of experience in designing different user-centered eHealth interventions (eg, web portals and health apps) to inform future work in leveraging technology to address health disparities. We draw these lessons from a series of interventions from the work we have done over 15 years in the Viswanath laboratory at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, focusing on three projects that used web portals and health apps targeted toward underserved groups. The projects were the following: Click to Connect, which was a community-based eHealth intervention that aimed to improve internet skills and health literacy among underserved groups by providing home access to high-speed internet, computer, and internet training classes, as well as a dedicated health web portal with ongoing technical support; PLANET MassCONECT, which was a knowledge translation project that built capacity among community-based organizations in Boston, Lawrence, and Worcester in Massachusetts to adopt evidence-based health promotion programs; and Smartphone App for Public Health, which was a mobile health research that facilitated both participatory (eg, surveys) and passive data (eg, geolocations and web-browsing behaviors) collection for the purpose of understanding tobacco message exposure in individuals’ built environment. Through our work, we distilled five key principles for researchers aiming to design eHealth interventions for underserved groups. They are as follows: develop a strategic road map to address communication inequalities (ie, a concrete action plan to identify the barriers faced by underserved groups and customize specific solutions to each of them), engage multiple stakeholders from the beginning for the long haul, design with usability—readability and navigability—in mind, build privacy safeguards into eHealth interventions and communicate privacy–utility tradeoffs in simplicity, and strive for an optimal balance between open science aspirations and protection of underserved groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wj Lee
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kannan P, Bhawra J, Patel P, Katapally TR. Preserving rural school health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Indigenous citizen scientist perspectives from a qualitative study. AIMS Public Health 2022; 9:216-236. [PMID: 35634029 PMCID: PMC9114787 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2022016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study is part of Smart Indigenous Youth, a digital health community trial involving rural schools in Saskatchewan, Canada. Secondary school administrators and educators were engaged as citizen scientists in rural Indigenous communities to understand rapid decision-making processes for preserving school health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to inform evidence-based safe school policies and practices. After COVID-19 restrictions were implemented, key informant interviews and focus groups were conducted with school administrators and educators, respectively, to understand the impact of school responses and decision-making processes. Two independent reviewers conducted thematic analyses and compared themes to reach consensus on a final shortlist. Four main themes emerged from the administrator interviews, and six main themes were identified from the educator focus group discussions which revealed a pressing need for mental health supports for students and educators. The study findings highlight the challenges faced by schools in rural and remote areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, including school closures, students' reactions to closures, measures taken by schools to preserve health during the pandemic, and different approaches to implement for future closures. Citizen scientists developed a set of recommendations, including the need for structured communication, reflection meetings, adequate funding, and external monitoring and evaluation to guide evidence-based safe school policies and practices during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Kannan
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, 2155 College Ave, Regina, SK S4P 4V5, Canada
| | - Jasmin Bhawra
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, 101 Diefenbaker Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B8, Canada
| | - Pinal Patel
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, 2155 College Ave, Regina, SK S4P 4V5, Canada
| | - Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B9, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dufour MM, Bergeron N, Guay S, Geoffrion S. Assessment of Psychological Distress in Health Care Workers During the First two Waves of COVID-19: A Follow-up of a Canadian Longitudinal Study. CHRONIC STRESS 2022; 6:24705470221108144. [PMID: 35757571 PMCID: PMC9228638 DOI: 10.1177/24705470221108144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Health care workers (HCW) exposed to COVID-19 risk experiencing psychological distress. Little is known regarding longitudinal perspectives and evolutions of psychological distress within this population. The objective of this study is to extend the results of our previous study to the pandemic‘s second wave. Method This prospective cohort study was conducted from May 8, 2020, to January 24, 2021, and includes 787 HCW. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Descriptive statistics illustrated the evolution of psychological distress indicators, whereas latent class analysis helped identify trajectories. Results The results showed that a lower proportion of HCW exceeded the clinical threshold during the second wave (36,5% vs. 31,1%). As in the first wave, most of our sample fell onto the resilient trajectory (67.22%). We adapted the name of the remaining trajectories to better suit their evolution: rapid recovery (15.76%), slow recovery (9.66%), and delayed (7.37%). Conclusion Approximately two-thirds of the HCW did not manifest significant distress. For those who did, the distress was transient. We observed a trend of positive adaptability among HCW, considering that the proportion of HCW experiencing psychological distress exceeding clinical threshold remained lower than during the first wave. Our data highlight the dynamic nature of psychological distress. To be able to detect psychological distress as it arises, HCW should use self-monitoring as an essential tool. This vigilance would allow institutions to offer timely support and resources for those experiencing psychological distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Bergeron
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l‘Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Québec, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie et d‘addictologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Centre de recherche de l‘Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM), Québec, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie et d‘addictologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École de criminologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steve Geoffrion
- École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l‘Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM), Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Katapally TR, Hammami N, Chu LM. A randomized community trial to advance digital epidemiological and mHealth citizen scientist compliance: A smart platform study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259486. [PMID: 34723987 PMCID: PMC8559921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to understand how participants' compliance and response rates to both traditional validated surveys and ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) vary across 4 cohorts who participated in the same mHealth study and received the same surveys and EMAs on their smartphones, however with cohort-specific time-triggers that differed across the 4 cohorts. METHODS As part of the Smart Platform, adult citizen scientists residing in Regina and Saskatoon, Canada, were randomly assigned to 4 cohorts in 2018. Citizen Scientists provided a complex series of subjective and objective data during 8 consecutive days using a custom-built smartphone application. All citizen scientists responded to both validated surveys and EMAs that captured physical activity. However, using Smart Platform, we varied the burden of responding to validated surveys and EMAs across cohorts by using different time-triggered push notifications. Participants in Cohort 1 (n = 10) received the full baseline 209-item validated survey on day 1 of the study; whereas participants in cohorts 2 (n = 26), 3 (n = 10), and 4 (n = 25) received the same survey in varied multiple sections over a period of 4 days. We used weighted One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests and weighted, linear regression models to assess for differences in compliance rate across the cohort groups controlling for age, gender, and household income. RESULTS Compliance to EMAs that captured prospective physical activity varied across cohorts 1 to 4: 50.0% (95% Confidence Interval [C.I.] = 31.4, 68.6), 63.0% (95% C.I. = 50.7, 75.2), 37.5% (95% C.I. = 18.9, 56.1), and 61.2% (95% C.I. = 47.4, 75.0), respectively. The highest completion rate of physical activity validated surveys was observed in Cohort 4 (mean = 97.9%, 95% C.I. = 95.5, 100.0). This was also true after controlling for age, gender, and household income. The regression analyses showed that citizen scientists in Cohorts 2, 3, and 4 had significantly higher compliance with completing the physical activity validated surveys relative to citizen scientists in cohort group 1 who completed the full survey on the first day. CONCLUSIONS & SIGNIFICANCES The findings show that maximizing the compliance rates of research participants for digital epidemiological and mHealth studies requires a balance between rigour of data collection, minimization of survey burden, and adjustment of time- and user-triggered notifications based on citizen or patient input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- College of Medicine, Health Science Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Nour Hammami
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luan Manh Chu
- College of Medicine, Health Science Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhawra J, Skinner K, Favel D, Green B, Coates K, Katapally TR. The Food Equity and Environmental Data Sovereignty (FEEDS) Project: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study Evaluating a Digital Platform for Climate Change Preparedness. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e31389. [PMID: 34524106 PMCID: PMC8482180 DOI: 10.2196/31389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite having the tools at our disposal to enable an adequate food supply for all people, inequities in food acquisition, distribution, and most importantly, food sovereignty, worsen food insecurity. The detrimental impact of climate change on food systems and mental health is further exacerbated by a lack of food sovereignty. We urgently require innovative solutions to enable food sovereignty, minimize food insecurity, and address climate change–related mental distress (ie, solastalgia). Indigenous communities have a wealth of Traditional Knowledge for climate change adaptation and preparedness to strengthen food systems. Traditional Knowledge combined with Western methods can revolutionize ethical data collection, engagement, and knowledge mobilization. Objective The Food Equity and Environmental Data Sovereignty (FEEDS) Project takes a participatory action, citizen science approach for early detection and warning of climate change impacts on food sovereignty, food security, and solastalgia. The aim of this project is to develop and implement a sustainable digital platform that enables real-time decision-making to mitigate climate change–related impacts on food systems and mental well-being. Methods Citizen science enables citizens to actively contribute to all aspects of the research process. The FEEDS Project is being implemented in five phases: participatory project planning, digital climate change platform customization, community-led evaluation, digital platform and project refinement, and integrated knowledge translation. The project is governed by a Citizen Scientist Advisory Council comprising Elders, Traditional Knowledge Keepers, key community decision makers, youth, and FEEDS Project researchers. The Council governs all phases of the project, including coconceptualizing a climate change platform, which consists of a smartphone app and a digital decision-making dashboard. Apart from capturing environmental and health-related big data (eg, weather, permafrost degradation, fire hazards, and human movement), the custom-built app uses artificial intelligence to engage and enable citizens to report on environmental hazards, changes in biodiversity or wildlife, and related food and mental health issues in their communities. The app provides citizens with valuable information to mitigate health-related risks and relays big data in real time to a digital dashboard. Results This project is currently in phase 1, with the subarctic Métis jurisdiction of Île-à-la-Crosse, Saskatchewan, Canada. Conclusions The FEEDS Project facilitates Indigenous Peoples’ self-determination, governance, and data sovereignty. All citizen data are anonymous and encrypted, and communities have ownership, access, control, and possession of their data. The digital dashboard system provides decision makers with real-time data, thereby increasing the capacity to self-govern. The participatory action research approach, combined with digital citizen science, advances the cocreation of knowledge and multidisciplinary collaboration in the digital age. Given the urgency of climate change, leveraging technology provides communities with tools to respond to existing and emerging crises in a timely manner, as well as scientific evidence regarding the urgency of current health and environmental issues. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/31389
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bhawra
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kelly Skinner
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Duane Favel
- Northern Village of Île-à-la-Crosse, Île-à-la-Crosse, SK, Canada
| | - Brenda Green
- Île-à-la-Crosse School Division, Île-à-la-Crosse, SK, Canada
| | - Ken Coates
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dufour MM, Bergeron N, Rabasa A, Guay S, Geoffrion S. Assessment of Psychological Distress in Health-care Workers during and after the First Wave of COVID-19: A Canadian Longitudinal Study: Évaluation de la Détresse Psychologique Chez Les Travailleurs de la Santé Durant et Après la Première Vague de la COVID-19: une étude longitudinale canadienne. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 66:807-814. [PMID: 34124958 PMCID: PMC8504282 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211025217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health-care workers (HCW) exposed to COVID-19 are at risk of experiencing psychological distress. Although several cross-sectional studies have been carried out, a longitudinal perspective is needed to better understand the evolution of psychological distress indicators within this population. The objectives of this study were to assess the evolution of psychological distress and to identify psychological distress trajectories of Canadian HCW during and after the first wave of COVID-19. METHOD This prospective cohort study was conducted from May 8 to September 4, 2020, and includes a volunteer sample of 373 HCW. Symptoms of post-traumatic disorder, anxiety, and depression were assessed using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (PCL-5), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate the evolution of psychological distress indicators, whereas latent class analysis was carried out to identify trajectories. RESULTS During and after the first wave of COVID-19, the rates of clinical mental health symptoms among our sample varied between 6.2% and 22.2% for post-traumatic stress, 10.1% and 29.9% for depression, and 7.3% and 26.9% for anxiety. Finally, 4 trajectories were identified: recovered (18.77%), resilient (65.95%), subchronic (7.24%), and delayed (8.04%). CONCLUSION The longitudinal nature of our study and the scarcity of our data are unique among existing studies on psychological distress of HCW in COVID-19 context and allow us to contextualize prior transversal data on the topic. Although our data illustrated an optimistic picture in showing that the majority of HCW follow a resilience trajectory, it is still important to focus our attention on those who present psychological distress. Implementing preventive mental health interventions in our health-care institutions that may prevent chronic distress is imperative. Further studies need to be done to identify predictors that may help to characterize these trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Michèle Dufour
- Centre de recherche de 26612l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM), Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bergeron
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, 5622Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de 5622l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Québec, Canada
| | - Axelle Rabasa
- Centre de recherche de 26612l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM), Québec, Canada.,École de psychoéducation, 5622Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Centre de recherche de 26612l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM), Québec, Canada.,Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, 5622Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,École de criminologie, 5622Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steve Geoffrion
- Centre de recherche de 26612l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM), Québec, Canada.,École de psychoéducation, 5622Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oe H, Yamaoka Y. Investigating into the critical factors supporting healthy independent longevity: A proposition of a conceptual model with measurements during and beyond COVID-19 pandemic. Health Mark Q 2021; 38:130-149. [PMID: 34693891 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2021.1986961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the factors that support the elderly citizens' perceived healthy independent longevity during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The Structural Equation Modeling was conducted with the 1607 dataset collected from Japan to validate a proposed model with six antecedent factors. It has been found that "Town vibrancy" and "Mobility and transportations" have the most significant impact, whereas "Health and welfare policies" and "Community bonding" have a relatively lower impact on their perceived healthy longevity. The study has provided a conceptual model with measurements for further discussions in the field of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Oe
- The Business School, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Goff DC, Khan SS, Lloyd-Jones D, Arnett DK, Carnethon MR, Labarthe DR, Loop MS, Luepker RV, McConnell MV, Mensah GA, Mujahid MS, O'Flaherty ME, Prabhakaran D, Roger V, Rosamond WD, Sidney S, Wei GS, Wright JS. Bending the Curve in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Bethesda + 40 and Beyond. Circulation 2021; 143:837-851. [PMID: 33617315 PMCID: PMC7905830 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
More than 40 years after the 1978 Bethesda Conference on the Declining Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease provided the scientific community with a blueprint for systematic analysis to understand declining rates of coronary heart disease, there are indications the decline has ended or even reversed despite advances in our knowledge about the condition and treatment. Recent data show a more complex situation, with mortality rates for overall cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease and stroke, decelerating, whereas those for heart failure are increasing. To mark the 40th anniversary of the Bethesda Conference, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the American Heart Association cosponsored the "Bending the Curve in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Bethesda + 40" symposium. The objective was to examine the immediate and long-term outcomes of the 1978 conference and understand the current environment. Symposium themes included trends and future projections in cardiovascular disease (in the United States and internationally), the evolving obesity and diabetes epidemics, and harnessing emerging and innovative opportunities to preserve and promote cardiovascular health and prevent cardiovascular disease. In addition, participant-led discussion explored the challenges and barriers in promoting cardiovascular health across the lifespan and established a potential framework for observational research and interventions that would begin in early childhood (or ideally in utero). This report summarizes the relevant research, policy, and practice opportunities discussed at the symposium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Calvin Goff
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (D.C.G., G.S.W.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sadiya Sana Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.S.K., D.L-J., M.R.C., D.R.L.)
| | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.S.K., D.L-J., M.R.C., D.R.L.)
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.K.A.)
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.S.K., D.L-J., M.R.C., D.R.L.)
| | - Darwin R Labarthe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.S.K., D.L-J., M.R.C., D.R.L.)
| | - Matthew Shane Loop
- Department of Biostatistics (M.S.L.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
| | - Russell V Luepker
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (R.V.L.)
| | - Michael V McConnell
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (M.V.M.)
- Google Health, Palo Alto, CA (M.V.M.)
| | - George A Mensah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science (G.A.M.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mahasin S Mujahid
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley (M.S.M.)
| | | | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon (D.P.)
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India (D.P.)
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom (D.P.)
| | - Véronique Roger
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.R.)
| | - Wayne D Rosamond
- Department of Epidemiology (W.D.R.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland (S.S.)
| | - Gina S Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (D.C.G., G.S.W.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Janet S Wright
- Office of the Surgeon General, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC (J.S.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Katapally TR, Bhawra J, Patel P. A systematic review of the evolution of GPS use in active living research: A state of the evidence for research, policy, and practice. Health Place 2020; 66:102453. [PMID: 33137684 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This is the first systematic review to comprehensively capture Global Positioning Systems' (GPS) utilization in active living research by investigating the influence of physical contexts and social environment on all intensities of physical activity and sedentary behavior among all age groups. An extensive search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using six databases. Out of 2026 articles identified, 129 studies met the inclusion criteria. After describing the evolution of GPS use across four themes (study designs and methods, physical contexts and social environment, active transportation, and behaviors), evidence-based recommendations for active living research, policy, and practice were generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun R Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada; Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Jasmin Bhawra
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pinal Patel
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Katapally TR. Smart Indigenous Youth: The Smart Platform Policy Solution for Systems Integration to Address Indigenous Youth Mental Health. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2020; 3:e21155. [PMID: 32975527 PMCID: PMC7547388 DOI: 10.2196/21155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous youth mental health is an urgent public health issue, which cannot be addressed with a one-size-fits-all approach. The success of health policies in Indigenous communities is dependent on bottom-up, culturally appropriate, and strengths-based prevention strategies. In order to maximize the effectiveness of these strategies, they need to be embedded in replicable and contextually relevant mechanisms such as school curricula across multiple communities. Moreover, to engage youth in the twenty-first century, especially in rural and remote areas, it is imperative to leverage ubiquitous mobile tools that empower Indigenous youth and facilitate novel Two-Eyed Seeing solutions. Smart Indigenous Youth is a 5-year community trial, which aims to improve Indigenous youth mental health by embedding a culturally appropriate digital health initiative into school curricula in rural and remote Indigenous communities in Canada. This policy analysis explores the benefits of such upstream initiatives. More importantly, this article describes evidence-based strategies to overcome barriers to implementation through the integration of citizen science and community-based participatory research action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chang CH, Hsu YJ, Li F, Tu YT, Jhang WL, Hsu CW, Huang CC, Ho CS. Reliability and validity of the physical activity monitor for assessing energy expenditures in sedentary, regularly exercising, non-endurance athlete, and endurance athlete adults. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9717. [PMID: 32904158 PMCID: PMC7450994 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inertial sensors, such as accelerometers, serve as convenient devices to predict the energy expenditures (EEs) during physical activities by a predictive equation. Although the accuracy of estimate EEs especially matter to athletes receive physical training, most EE predictive equations adopted in accelerometers are based on the general population, not athletes. This study included the heart rate reserve (HRR) as a compensatory parameter for physical intensity and derived new equations customized for sedentary, regularly exercising, non-endurance athlete, and endurance athlete adults. Methods With indirect calorimetry as the criterion measure (CM), the EEs of participants on a treadmill were measured, and vector magnitudes (VM), as well as HRR, were simultaneously recorded by a waist-worn accelerometer with a heart rate monitor. Participants comprised a sedentary group (SG), an exercise-habit group (EHG), a non-endurance group (NEG), and an endurance group (EG), with 30 adults in each group. Results EE predictive equations were revised using linear regression with cross-validation on VM, HRR, and body mass (BM). The modified model demonstrates valid and reliable predictions across four populations (Pearson correlation coefficient, r: 0.922 to 0.932; intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC: 0.919 to 0.930). Conclusion Using accelerometers with a heart rate monitorcan accurately predict EEs of athletes and non-athletes with an optimized predictive equation integrating the VM, HRR, and BM parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang Li
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsai Tu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Jhang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shan Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Adapting Citizen Science to Improve Health in an Occupational Setting: Preliminary Results of a Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17144917. [PMID: 32650415 PMCID: PMC7400330 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Health interventions often do not reach blue-collar workers. Citizen science engages target groups in the design and execution of health interventions, but has not yet been applied in an occupational setting. This preliminary study determines barriers and facilitators and feasible elements for citizen science to improve the health of blue-collar workers. The study was conducted in a terminal and construction company by performing semi-structured interviews and focus groups with employees, company management and experts. Interviews and focus groups were analyzed using thematic content analysis and the elements were pilot tested. Workers considered work pressure, work location and several personal factors as barriers for citizen science at the worksite, and (lack of) social support and (negative) social culture both as barriers and facilitators. Citizen science to improve health at the worksite may include three elements: (1) knowledge and skills, (2) social support and social culture, and (3) awareness about lifestyle behaviors. Strategies to implement these elements may be company specific. This study provides relevant indications on feasible elements and strategies for citizen science to improve health at the worksite. Further studies on the feasibility of citizen science in other settings, including a larger and more heterogeneous sample of blue-collar workers, are necessary.
Collapse
|
25
|
Borda A, Gray K, Fu Y. Research data management in health and biomedical citizen science: practices and prospects. JAMIA Open 2020; 3:113-125. [PMID: 32607493 PMCID: PMC7309241 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public engagement in health and biomedical research is being influenced by the paradigm of citizen science. However, conventional health and biomedical research relies on sophisticated research data management tools and methods. Considering these, what contribution can citizen science make in this field of research? How can it follow research protocols and produce reliable results? Objective The aim of this article is to analyze research data management practices in existing biomedical citizen science studies, so as to provide insights for members of the public and of the research community considering this approach to research. Methods A scoping review was conducted on this topic to determine data management characteristics of health and bio medical citizen science research. From this review and related web searching, we chose five online platforms and a specific research project associated with each, to understand their research data management approaches and enablers. Results Health and biomedical citizen science platforms and projects are diverse in terms of types of work with data and data management activities that in themselves may have scientific merit. However, consistent approaches in the use of research data management models or practices seem lacking, or at least are not prevalent in the review. Conclusions There is potential for important data collection and analysis activities to be opaque or irreproducible in health and biomedical citizen science initiatives without the implementation of a research data management model that is transparent and accessible to team members and to external audiences. This situation might be improved with participatory development of standards that can be applied to diverse projects and platforms, across the research data life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Borda
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathleen Gray
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuqing Fu
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Katapally TR, Chu LM. Digital epidemiological and citizen science methodology to capture prospective physical activity in free-living conditions: a SMART Platform study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036787. [PMID: 32595163 PMCID: PMC7322321 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to develop a replicable methodology of mobile ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) to capture prospective physical activity (PA) within free-living social and physical contexts by leveraging citizen-owned smartphones running on both Android and iOS systems. DESIGN Data were obtained from the cross-sectional pilots of the SMART Platform, a citizen science and mobile health initiative. SETTING The cities of Regina and Saskatoon, Canada. PARTICIPANTS 538 citizen scientists (≥18 years) provided PA data during eight consecutive days using a custom-built smartphone application, and after applying a rigid inclusion criteria, 89 were included in the final analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES EMAs enabled reporting of light, moderate, and vigorous PA, as well as physical and social contexts of PA. Retrospective PA was reported using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). For both measures, PA intensities were categorised into mean minutes of light and moderate-to-vigorous PA per day. Wilcoxon signed ranks tests and Spearman correlation procedures were conducted to compare PA intensities reported via EMAs and IPAQ. RESULTS Using EMAs, citizen scientists reported 140.91, 87.16 and 70.38 mean min/day of overall, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA, respectively, whereas using IPAQ they reported 194.39, 116.99 and 98.42 mean min/day of overall, light and moderate-to-vigorous PA, respectively. Overall (ρ=0.414, p<0.001), light (ρ=0.261, p=0.012) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (ρ=0.316, p=0.009) were fairly correlated between EMA and IPAQ. In comparison with EMAs, using IPAQ, citizen scientists reported significantly greater overall PA in active transportation (p=0.002) and recreation, sport and leisure-time domains (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS This digital epidemiological and citizen science methodology adapted mobile EMAs to capture not only prospective PA, but also important physical and social contexts within which individuals accumulate PA. Ubiquitous tools can be leveraged via citizen science to capture accurate active living patterns of large populations in free-living conditions through innovative EMAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Luan Manh Chu
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Katapally TR. A Global Digital Citizen Science Policy to Tackle Pandemics Like COVID-19. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e19357. [PMID: 32408267 PMCID: PMC7284491 DOI: 10.2196/19357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an extremely complex existential threat that requires cohesive societal effort to address health system inefficiencies. When our society has faced existential crises in the past, we have banded together by using the technology at hand to overcome them. The COVID-19 pandemic is one such threat that requires not only a cohesive effort, but also enormous trust to follow public health guidelines, maintain social distance, and share necessities. However, are democratic societies with civil liberties capable of doing this? Mobile technology has immense potential for addressing pandemics like COVID-19, as it gives us access to big data in terms of volume, velocity, veracity, and variety. These data are particularly relevant to understand and mitigate the spread of pandemics such as COVID-19. In order for such intensive and potentially intrusive data collection measures to succeed, we need a cohesive societal effort with full buy-in from citizens and their representatives. This article outlines an evidence-based global digital citizen science policy that provides the theoretical and methodological foundation for ethically sourcing big data from citizens to tackle pandemics such as COVID-19.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hano MC, Prince SE, Wei L, Hubbell BJ, Rappold AG. Knowing Your Audience: A Typology of Smoke Sense Participants to Inform Wildfire Smoke Health Risk Communication. Front Public Health 2020; 8:143. [PMID: 32432070 PMCID: PMC7214918 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Central to public health risk communication is understanding the perspectives and shared values among individuals who need the information. Using the responses from a Smoke Sense citizen science project, we examined perspectives on the issue of wildfire smoke as a health risk in relation to an individual's preparedness to adopt recommended health behaviors. The Smoke Sense smartphone application provides wildfire-related health risk resources and invites participants to record their perspectives on the issue of wildfire smoke. Within the app, participants can explore current and forecasted daily air quality, maps of fire locations, satellite images of smoke plumes, and learn about health consequences of wildfire smoke. We used cluster analysis to identify perspective trait-clusters based on health status, experience with fire smoke, risk perception, self-efficacy, access to exposure-reducing resources, health information needs, and openness to health risk messaging. Differences between traits were examined based on demographics, health status, activity level and engagement with the app. We mapped these traits to the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) to indicate where each trait lies in adopting recommended health behaviors. Finally, we suggest messaging strategies that may be suitable for each trait. We determined five distinct perspective traits which included individuals who were Protectors and have decided to engage on the issue by adopting new behaviors to protect their health; Cautious, Proactive, and Susceptible individuals who were at a Deciding stage but differed based on risk perceptions and information needs; and the Unengaged who did not perceive smoke as a health issue and were unlikely to change behavior in response to messaging. Across all five traits, the level of engagement and information needs differed substantially, but were not defined by demographics. Individuals in the Susceptible trait had the highest level of engagement and the highest information needs. Messaging that emphasizes self-efficacy and benefits of reducing exposure may be effective in motivating individuals from the deciding stage to taking health protective action. Shared perspectives define an individual's propensity for acting on recommended health behaviors, therefore, health risk message content should be tailored based on these perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana G. Rappold
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Drewnowski A, Buszkiewicz J, Aggarwal A, Rose C, Gupta S, Bradshaw A. Obesity and the Built Environment: A Reappraisal. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:22-30. [PMID: 31782242 PMCID: PMC6986313 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The built environment (BE) has been viewed as an important determinant of health. Numerous studies have linked BE exposure, captured using a variety of methods, to diet quality and to area prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. First-generation studies defined the neighborhood BE as the area around the home. Second-generation studies turned from home-centric to person-centric BE measures, capturing an individual's movements in space and time. Those studies made effective uses of global positioning system tracking devices and mobile phones, sometimes coupled with accelerometers and remote sensors. Activity space metrics explored travel paths, modes, and destinations to assess BE exposure that was both person and context specific. However, as measures of the contextual exposome have become ever more fine-grained and increasingly complex, connections to long-term chronic diseases with complex etiologies, such as obesity, are in danger of being lost. Furthermore, few studies on obesity and the BE have included intermediate energy balance behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, or explored the potential roles of social interactions or psychosocial pathways. Emerging survey-based applications that identify habitual destinations and associated travel patterns may become the third generation of tools to capture health-relevant BE exposures in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - James Buszkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Anju Aggarwal
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Chelsea Rose
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Annie Bradshaw
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rappold A, Hano M, Prince S, Wei L, Huang S, Baghdikian C, Stearns B, Gao X, Hoshiko S, Cascio W, Diaz‐Sanchez D, Hubbell B. Smoke Sense Initiative Leverages Citizen Science to Address the Growing Wildfire-Related Public Health Problem. GEOHEALTH 2019; 3:443-457. [PMID: 32159029 PMCID: PMC7038881 DOI: 10.1029/2019gh000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Smoke Sense is a citizen science project with investigative, educational, and action-oriented objectives at the intersection of wildland fire smoke and public health. Participants engage with a smartphone application to explore current and forecast visualizations of air quality, learn about how to protect health from wildfire smoke, and record their smoke experiences, health symptoms, and behaviors taken to reduce their exposures to smoke. Through participation in the project, individuals engage in observing changes in their environment and recording changes in their health, thus facilitating progression on awareness of health effects of air pollution and adoption of desired health-promoting behaviors. Participants can also view what others are reporting. Data from the pilot season (1 August 2017 to 7 January 2018; 5,598 downloads) suggest that there is a clear demand for personally relevant data during wildfire episodes motivated by recognition of environmental hazard and the personal concern for health. However, while participants shared clear perceptions of the environmental hazard and health risks in general, they did not consistently recognize their own personal health risk. The engagement in health protective behavior was driven in response to symptoms rather than as preventive courses of action. We also observed clear differences in the adoption likelihood of various health protective behaviors attributed to barriers and perceived benefits of these actions. As users experience a greater number and severity of symptoms, the perceived benefits of taking health protective actions exceeded the costs associated with the barriers and thus increased adoption of those actions. Based on pilot season data, we summarize key insights which may improve current health risk communications in nudging individuals toward health protective behavior; there is a need to increase personal awareness of risk and compelling evidence that health protective behaviors are beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.G. Rappold
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health DivisionResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNCUSA
| | - M.C. Hano
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health DivisionResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNCUSA
| | - S. Prince
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health DivisionResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNCUSA
| | - L. Wei
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health DivisionResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNCUSA
| | | | - C. Baghdikian
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health DivisionResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNCUSA
| | - B. Stearns
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health DivisionResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNCUSA
| | - X. Gao
- Sequoia Foundation, La JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - S. Hoshiko
- Environmental Health Investigations BranchDepartment of Public HealthRichmondCAUSA
| | - W.E. Cascio
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health DivisionResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNCUSA
| | - D. Diaz‐Sanchez
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health DivisionResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNCUSA
| | - B. Hubbell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health DivisionResearch Triangle ParkDurhamNCUSA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Katapally TR. The SMART Framework: Integration of Citizen Science, Community-Based Participatory Research, and Systems Science for Population Health Science in the Digital Age. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e14056. [PMID: 31471963 PMCID: PMC6743262 DOI: 10.2196/14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Citizen science enables citizens to actively contribute to all aspects of the research process, from conceptualization and data collection, to knowledge translation and evaluation. Citizen science is gradually emerging as a pertinent approach in population health research. Given that citizen science has intrinsic links with community-based research, where participatory action drives the research agenda, these two approaches could be integrated to address complex population health issues. Community-based participatory research has a strong record of application across multiple disciplines and sectors to address health inequities. Citizen science can use the structure of community-based participatory research to take local approaches of problem solving to a global scale, because citizen science emerged through individual environmental activism that is not limited by geography. This synergy has significant implications for population health research if combined with systems science, which can offer theoretical and methodological strength to citizen science and community-based participatory research. Systems science applies a holistic perspective to understand the complex mechanisms underlying causal relationships within and between systems, as it goes beyond linear relationships by utilizing big data–driven advanced computational models. However, to truly integrate citizen science, community-based participatory research, and systems science, it is time to realize the power of ubiquitous digital tools, such as smartphones, for connecting us all and providing big data. Smartphones have the potential to not only create equity by providing a voice to disenfranchised citizens but smartphone-based apps also have the reach and power to source big data to inform policies. An imminent challenge in legitimizing citizen science is minimizing bias, which can be achieved by standardizing methods and enhancing data quality—a rigorous process that requires researchers to collaborate with citizen scientists utilizing the principles of community-based participatory research action. This study advances SMART, an evidence-based framework that integrates citizen science, community-based participatory research, and systems science through ubiquitous tools by addressing core challenges such as citizen engagement, data management, and internet inequity to legitimize this integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Katapally TR, Chu LM. Methodology to Derive Objective Screen-State from Smartphones: A SMART Platform Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132275. [PMID: 31252617 PMCID: PMC6651165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Time on screens (screen time) on multiple digital devices (computers, mobile phones, tablets, television screens, etc.) due to varied motivations (work, leisure, entertainment, gaming, etc.) has become an integral part of population behaviour. However, a significant evidence gap exists in screen time accumulated over ubiquitous mobile devices such as smartphones. This study aimed to develop an accurate, reliable and replicable methodology to derive objective screen time (i.e., screen-state) from all types of citizen-owned smartphones. A convenience sample of 538 adults (≥18 years) from two largest urban centres in Saskatchewan, Canada (Regina and Saskatoon) was recruited in 2017 and 2018. Participants used a custom-built smartphone application to provide objective and subjective data. A novel methodology was developed to derive objective screen-state, and these data were compared with subjective measures. The findings showed that objective screen-state from smartphones can be derived and assessed across a range of cut-points that take into consideration varied measurement errors. When objective measures were compared with subjective reporting, the results indicated that participants consistently underreported screen time. This study not only provides a methodology to derive objective screen-state from ubiquitous mobile devices such as smartphones but also emphasises the need to capture context via subjective measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, 2155 College Ave, Regina, SK S4M0A1, Canada.
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, 101 Diefenbaker Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B8, Canada.
- College of Medicine, Health Science Building, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Luan Manh Chu
- College of Medicine, Health Science Building, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, PO Box 23, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Greshake Tzovaras B, Angrist M, Arvai K, Dulaney M, Estrada-Galiñanes V, Gunderson B, Head T, Lewis D, Nov O, Shaer O, Tzovara A, Bobe J, Price Ball M. Open Humans: A platform for participant-centered research and personal data exploration. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz076. [PMID: 31241153 PMCID: PMC6593360 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many aspects of our lives are now digitized and connected to the internet. As a result, individuals are now creating and collecting more personal data than ever before. This offers an unprecedented chance for human-participant research ranging from the social sciences to precision medicine. With this potential wealth of data comes practical problems (e.g., how to merge data streams from various sources), as well as ethical problems (e.g., how best to balance risks and benefits when enabling personal data sharing by individuals). RESULTS To begin to address these problems in real time, we present Open Humans, a community-based platform that enables personal data collections across data streams, giving individuals more personal data access and control of sharing authorizations, and enabling academic research as well as patient-led projects. We showcase data streams that Open Humans combines (e.g., personal genetic data, wearable activity monitors, GPS location records, and continuous glucose monitor data), along with use cases of how the data facilitate various projects. CONCLUSIONS Open Humans highlights how a community-centric ecosystem can be used to aggregate personal data from various sources, as well as how these data can be used by academic and citizen scientists through practical, iterative approaches to sharing that strive to balance considerations with participant autonomy, inclusion, and privacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Greshake Tzovaras
- Open Humans Foundation, 500 Westover Dr #10553, Sanford, NC, 27330, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Misha Angrist
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 140 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Mairi Dulaney
- Open Humans Foundation, 500 Westover Dr #10553, Sanford, NC, 27330, USA
| | - Vero Estrada-Galiñanes
- QoL Lab, Department of ComputerScience, University of Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 41, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- IDE, University of Stavanger, Kjell Arholmsgate 41, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Tim Head
- Wild Tree Tech, Froehlichstrasse 42 5200 Brugg Switzerland
| | | | - Oded Nov
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Orit Shaer
- Wellesley College, 106 Central Street – Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Athina Tzovara
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley 174 Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Bern, Neubrückstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jason Bobe
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Mad Price Ball
- Open Humans Foundation, 500 Westover Dr #10553, Sanford, NC, 27330, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Seitzinger P, Osgood N, Martin W, Tataryn J, Waldner C. Compliance Rates, Advantages, and Drawbacks of a Smartphone-Based Method of Collecting Food History and Foodborne Illness Data. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1061-1070. [PMID: 31124717 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Seitzinger
- Northern Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9
| | - Nathaniel Osgood
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Wanda Martin
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Joanne Tataryn
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (CFEZID), Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Cheryl Waldner
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Seitzinger PJ, Tataryn J, Osgood N, Waldner C. Foodborne Outbreak Investigation: Effect of Recall Inaccuracies on Food Histories. J Food Prot 2019; 82:931-939. [PMID: 31081690 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Comparably low accuracy of dietary recall is present after 7 and 18 days. Experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms did not affect accuracy of dietary recall. Repeatedly recalling food exposures leads to a higher rate of false positives. Prevalence of exposure was associated with higher sensitivity and lower specificity. Recall inaccuracies can be quantified and accounted for in public health practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Seitzinger
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, Northern Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9
| | - Joanne Tataryn
- 2 Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (CFEZID), Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - Nathaniel Osgood
- 3 Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Cheryl Waldner
- 4 Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zaror C, Espinoza-Espinoza G, Atala-Acevedo C, Muñoz-Millán P, Li Y, Clarke K, Onetto J, Díaz J, Hallet K, Manton D, Mariño R. Validation and usability of a mobile phone application for epidemiological surveillance of traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol 2018; 35:33-40. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Zaror
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
- Center for Research in Epidemiology, Economics and Oral Public Health (CIEESPO); Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
| | - Gerardo Espinoza-Espinoza
- Center for Research in Epidemiology, Economics and Oral Public Health (CIEESPO); Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
- Department of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
| | - Claudia Atala-Acevedo
- Center for Research in Epidemiology, Economics and Oral Public Health (CIEESPO); Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
| | - Patricia Muñoz-Millán
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
- Center for Research in Epidemiology, Economics and Oral Public Health (CIEESPO); Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
| | - Yunhan Li
- Networked Society Institute; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Ken Clarke
- Networked Society Institute; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Juan Onetto
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Valparaiso; Valparaiso Chile
| | - Jaime Díaz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de La Frontera; Temuco Chile
| | - Kerrod Hallet
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - David Manton
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Rodrigo Mariño
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Katapally TR, Bhawra J, Leatherdale ST, Ferguson L, Longo J, Rainham D, Larouche R, Osgood N. The SMART Study, a Mobile Health and Citizen Science Methodological Platform for Active Living Surveillance, Integrated Knowledge Translation, and Policy Interventions: Longitudinal Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018; 4:e31. [PMID: 29588267 PMCID: PMC5893892 DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.8953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, costing approximately US $67.5 billion per year to health care systems. To curb the physical inactivity pandemic, it is time to move beyond traditional approaches and engage citizens by repurposing sedentary behavior (SB)–enabling ubiquitous tools (eg, smartphones). Objective The primary objective of the Saskatchewan, let’s move and map our activity (SMART) Study was to develop a mobile and citizen science methodological platform for active living surveillance, knowledge translation, and policy interventions. This methodology paper enumerates the SMART Study platform’s conceptualization, design, implementation, data collection procedures, analytical strategies, and potential for informing policy interventions. Methods This longitudinal investigation was designed to engage participants (ie, citizen scientists) in Regina and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, in four different seasons across 3 years. In spring 2017, pilot data collection was conducted, where 317 adult citizen scientists (≥18 years) were recruited in person and online. Citizen scientists used a custom-built smartphone app, Ethica (Ethica Data Services Inc), for 8 consecutive days to provide a complex series of objective and subjective data. Citizen scientists answered a succession of validated surveys that were assigned different smartphone triggering mechanisms (eg, user-triggered and schedule-triggered). The validated surveys captured physical activity (PA), SB, motivation, perception of outdoor and indoor environment, and eudaimonic well-being. Ecological momentary assessments were employed on each day to capture not only PA but also physical and social contexts along with barriers and facilitators of PA, as relayed by citizen scientists using geo-coded pictures and audio files. To obtain a comprehensive objective picture of participant location, motion, and compliance, 6 types of sensor-based (eg, global positioning system and accelerometer) data were surveilled for 8 days. Initial descriptive analyses were conducted using geo-coded photographs and audio files. Results Pictures and audio files (ie, community voices) showed that the barriers and facilitators of active living included intrinsic or extrinsic motivations, social contexts, and outdoor or indoor environment, with pets and favorable urban design featuring as the predominant facilitators, and work-related screen time proving to be the primary barrier. Conclusions The preliminary pilot results show the flexibility of the SMART Study surveillance platform in identifying and addressing limitations based on empirical evidence. The results also show the successful implementation of a platform that engages participants to catalyze policy interventions. Although SMART Study is currently geared toward surveillance, using the same platform, active living interventions could be remotely implemented. SMART Study is the first mobile, citizen science surveillance platform utilizing a rigorous, longitudinal, and mixed-methods investigation to temporally capture behavioral data for knowledge translation and policy interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Reddy Katapally
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,College of Medicine, Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jasmin Bhawra
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Leah Ferguson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Justin Longo
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel Rainham
- Environmental Science Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Osgood
- Department of Computer Science, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|