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Raeeszadeh M, Arvand S, Shojaee Moghadam D, Akradi L. Evaluation of the influence of N-acetylcysteine and broccoli extract on systemic paraquat poisoning: Implications for biochemical, physiological, and histopathological parameters in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:895-903. [PMID: 38800021 PMCID: PMC11127089 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.75258.16311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Paraquat (PQ), a potent environmental herbicide, is recognized for inducing irreparable toxic damage to biological systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and broccoli extract, individually and in combination, in alleviating PQ poisoning in rats, leveraging the exceptional anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of broccoli. Materials and Methods Seventy Wistar rats were categorized into seven groups: C (control, vehicle), PQ (paraquat at 40 mg/kg), BC (broccoli extract at 300 mg/kg), NC (N-acetylcysteine at the same dose of 300 mg/kg), and combined groups PQ+BC, PQ+NC, and NC+PQ+BC, all administered equivalent doses. After 42 days, blood samples were collected to evaluate liver and kidney parameters, proinflammatory biomarkers, caspase-3, and caspase-9. Lung tissues were excised, with one part preserved for hydroxyproline and oxidative stress parameter measurement and another sectioned and stained for histopathological analysis. Results The PQ group exhibited the highest lung-to-body weight (LW/BW) ratio, while the PQ+BC+NC group demonstrated the lowest ratio. Results indicated an elevated lung hydroxyproline concentration and a significant reduction in anti-oxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total anti-oxidant capacity) (P<0.001). The PQ+BC group showed modified malondialdehyde levels, reaching a peak in the PQ group. Additionally, a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, caspase-3, and caspase-9 was observed in the PQ+BC+NC group (P<0.01). Pulmonary edema, hyperemia, and severe hemorrhage observed in the PQ group were notably reduced in the PQ+BC+NC group. Conclusion The combination of active compounds from broccoli and NAC demonstrated significant systemic and pulmonary effects in mitigating PQ-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Raeeszadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sara Arvand
- Graduate of Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Danial Shojaee Moghadam
- Graduate of Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Loghman Akradi
- Department of Pathobiology Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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Aktas MS, Eren E, Kucukler S, Eroglu MS, Ilgun M, Yanar KE, Aydin O. Investigation of haematological, inflammatory and immunological response in naturally infected cattle with Theileria annulata. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e13002. [PMID: 37461131 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate haematological, pro-inflammatory, inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and immunological responses in naturally Theileria annulata-infected cattle. The study material consisted of 25 Simmental cattle, 2-4 years of age, one of which was a control group consisting of healthy animals (Control group, n = 10), and the other was a Theileria group that include animals positive for Theileria annulata (Theileria group, n = 15). Haematological analysis (red blood cell [RBC], haemoglobin [HGB], haematocrit [HCT]), pro-inflammatory (tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], nuclear factor kappa B [NF-ĸB] and interleukin-1 beta, [IL-1β]), inflammatory (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR]), anti-inflammatory (interleukin-10 [IL-10]) and antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) analyses were performed by using ELISA kit from blood samples. It was found that the rectal temperature of the Theileria group was found to be significantly higher (p < .001) than that of the control group. Haematological and biochemical analysis revealed that the RBC and HGB count and HCT percentage decreased (p < .001), while NF-ĸB (p < .001), TNF-α (p = .002), IL-1β (p < .001), IL-10 (p = .012), NLR (p < .001) and CAMP (p = .037) levels increased in Theileria group compared to the control group. There was a strong correlation between NF-ĸB and TNF-α, NF-ĸB and IL-10, NLR and IL-1β, NF-ĸB and CAMP, TNF-α and CAMP and IL-10 and CAMP. As a result of this study, it was revealed that a pro-inflammatory and immunological response also occurs along with the anti-inflammatory response in the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sinan Aktas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emre Eren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Sertac Eroglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Ilgun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kerim Emre Yanar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Omer Aydin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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The Antioxidant Properties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Its Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Pathological Effects on Nicotine-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Liver. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2691577. [PMID: 35378828 PMCID: PMC8976666 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2691577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Medicago sativa Linn or alfalfa is a tonic plant rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals that is used to treat many diseases due to its pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alfalfa methanolic extract (AME) on the prevention of liver damage caused by nicotine. The total phenols, flavonoids levels, and the free radical scavenging activity of its extract (IC50) were measured. In this study, 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as control (untreated), N (nicotine only), T1, T2, and T3 (nicotine + AME 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day, respectively). AME (orally) and nicotine (intraperitoneal injection, 0.5 mg/kg/day) were then administered for 21 days. Weight gain, the liver-to-body weight ratio, liver functional enzymes, and the lipid profile were measured. Moreover, we evaluated oxidative stress, proinflammatory parameters, and histopathological changes in the liver. Total phenols, flavonoids, and IC50 were determined as
mg GAE/g,
mg QE/g, and
μg/ml, respectively. Nicotine changed the measured parameters to abnormal. AME increased weight gain, the liver-to-body weight ratio, and enzymatic antioxidant levels and decreased malondialdehyde, liver functional enzymes, and proinflammatory cytokine levels. The lipid profile and histopathological changes have also been improved by AME in a dose-dependent manner. The results showed that AME in a dose-dependent manner by improving the inflammation and oxidative damage could improve the liver damage caused by nicotine.
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Meshkat M, Shemshadi B, Amini K. The profile of inflammatory factors in dairy calves with Cryptosporidium infection. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2022; 13:597-601. [PMID: 36686872 PMCID: PMC9840795 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2021.523112.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the detection and identification of Cryptosporidium species via molecular techniques and evaluate the serum concentrations of inflammatory factors in Cryptosporidium species. The fecal samples (n = 256) were collected from pre-weaned (≤ 2.00 months) calves and the positive samples were identified utilizing Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Nested species-specific multiplex PCR (nssm-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to identify the species and sub-species. The serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were also assessed. The results revealed that 10.54% of samples were positive. The results of Nested-PCR showed that 92.59% of the samples were positive for C. parvum while 7.41% were positive for C. andersoni. The results of RFLP confirmed 92.59% of the samples for C. parvum, 3.70% for C. muris / C. andersoni, and 3.70% for C. muris. The serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were significantly higher in the infected calves compared to those in healthy calves. However, the serum concentration of IFN-γ was significantly higher in the calves infected with C. parvum while the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in those infected with C. andersoni . In conclusion, C. parvum was prevalent in the region and the calves demonstrated inflammatory responses to Cryptosporidium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Meshkat
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Bahar Shemshadi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; ,Correspondence Bahar Shemshadi. PhD Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Kumarss Amini
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.
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Guan Z, Zhao Q, Huang Q, Zhao Z, Zhou H, He Y, Li S, Wan S. Modified Renshen Wumei Decoction Alleviates Intestinal Barrier Destruction in Rats with Diarrhea. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1295-1304. [PMID: 34319258 PMCID: PMC9706012 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Modified Renshen Wumei decoction (MRWD), a famous traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for treating persistent diarrhea. However, as the mechanism by which MRWD regulates diarrhea remains unknown, we examined the protective effects of MRWD on intestinal barrier integrity in a diarrhea model. In total, 48 male rats were randomly distributed to four treatment groups: the blank group (CK group), model group (MC group), Medilac-Vita group (MV group) and Chinese herb group (MRWD group). After a 21-day experiment, serum and colon samples were assessed. The diarrhea index, pathological examination findings and change in D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) contents illustrated that the induction of diarrhea caused intestinal injury, which was ameliorated by MV and MRWD infusion. Metabolomics analysis identified several metabolites in the serum. Some critical metabolites, such as phosphoric acid, taurine, cortisone, leukotriene B4 and calcitriol, were found to be significantly elevated by MRWD infusion. Importantly, these differences correlated with mineral absorption and metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways. Moreover, it significantly increased the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65 proteins and the contents of IL-1 and TNF-α, while the expression levels of occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 proteins decreased. These deleterious effects were significantly alleviated by MV and MRWD infusion. Our findings indicate that MRWD infusion helps alleviate diarrhea, possibly by maintaining electrolyte homeostasis, improving the intestinal barrier integrity, and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Guan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China,Corresponding author E-mail:
| | - Qinwan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghe Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China
| | - Hongyun Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China
| | - Shifang Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China
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