Adult T-cell leukemia with multiple pulmonary nodules due to leukemic cell infiltration

Radiologic evaluation of pulmonary injury following carmustine- and cyclophosphamide-based preparative regimen for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in children

BACKGROUND

Toxicity of carmustine and cyclophosphamide can cause pulmonary injury after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the radiologic findings of pulmonary injuries following carmustine- and cyclophosphamide-based preparative regimens in children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

From 2010 to 2014, 35 children received carmustine- and cyclophosphamide-based preparative regimens. Fourteen of 35 children presented with symptoms and radiologic abnormalities. Eight of 14 children had no evidence of infection, cardiogenic edema, or other explainable causes. We retrospectively analyzed their chest radiographs and CT scans for ground-glass opacity, consolidation, septal thickening and pleural effusion.

RESULTS

Major chest radiographic findings were bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacity (n=8) and septal thickening (n=7). CT findings were multifocal patchy (n=4) or inhomogeneously diffuse (n=4) ground-glass opacity, multifocal consolidations (n=7) and septal thickening (n=7). All of these lesions at CT were bilateral, but showed lower lobe predominance in 88, 100, and 63%, respectively. There was no central/peripheral or anterior/posterior predilection. Six children had small pleural effusions, which were bilateral in five children.

CONCLUSION

Bilateral ground-glass opacity with or without consolidation, septal thickening and pleural effusion were common radiologic findings in pulmonary injury following carmustine- and cyclophosphamide-based preparative regimens.

Pulmonary Infiltration from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

We present 2 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia infiltration of the lung resulting in centrilobular nodularity on computed tomography. We present the x-ray and computed tomography patterns with pathological findings in these cases.

Pulmonary leukemic infiltrates: high-resolution CT findings in 10 patients

OBJECTIVE

We assessed the high-resolution CT findings of pulmonary leukemic infiltrates.

CONCLUSION

High-resolution CT findings of pulmonary leukemic infiltrates reflect the predilection of leukemic cells to involve the perilymphatic pulmonary interstitium.