Influence of Acromial Morphologic Characteristics and Acromioclavicular Arthrosis on the Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Partial Tears of the Supraspinatus Tendon

Platelet-rich plasma inhibits ferroptosis and inflammation to alleviate frozen shoulder via activating the CST1/GPX4 signaling pathway

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to be beneficial to frozen shoulder (FS), but the mechanism of PRP's intervention in FS is still incomplete. Ferroptosis and inflammation are important pathological factors of cartilage injury, but their role in FS has not been explored. In vivo, we found that PRP treatment significantly enhanced the joint range of motion and mitigated joint histopathological damage in FS rats. Notably, levels of iron ions, the ferroptosis marker prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) in the cartilage tissue of PRP-treated rats were significantly reduced. Conversely, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were markedly increased. In vitro experiments revealed that PRP effectively countered the IL-1β-induced suppression of chondrocyte proliferation while also reducing levels of ferroptosis and inflammation. Furthermore, the CST1/GPX4 pathway was suppressed in the FS environment, while it has the potential to be activated by PRP. Importantly, silencing CST1 negated the therapeutic effects of PRP on IL-1β-treated chondrocytes and FS rats. In summary, we found that PRP alleviated the progression of FS by inhibiting ferroptosis and the inflammatory response by activating the CST1/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Biologics in rotator cuff repair

Rotator cuff tears are common in middle-aged and elderly patients. Despite advances in the surgical repair of rotator cuff tears, the rates of recurrent tear remain high. This may be due to the complexity of the tendons of the rotator cuff, which contributes to an inherently hostile healing environment. During the past 20 years, there has been an increased interest in the use of biologics to complement the healing environment in the shoulder, in order to improve rotator cuff healing and reduce the rate of recurrent tears. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current evidence for the use of forms of biological augmentation when repairing rotator cuff tears.

Injection of autologous conditioned plasma combined with a collagen scaffold may improve the clinical outcome in shoulder impingement syndrome: a prospective study

BACKGROUND

Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is one of the most common diseases of the shoulder and can be addressed with various therapeutic concepts. Orthobiological agents such as platelet rich plasma with a low side effect rate gain importance in the conservative treatment of SIS. Currently, the knowledge about success rate influencing factors, such as the growth factors (GF) concentration or acromion type, is limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical outcome in the therapy of external SIS using autologous conditioned plasma combined with recombinant human collagen scaffold (ACP/STR) injection in comparison with a corticosteroid-local anesthetic (CSA) injection. Additionally, the influence of potential limiting factors such as GF concentration, age and acromial morphology was proved.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This prospective pseudo-randomized trial recruited 58 patients with external SIS who received an ultrasound-guided subacromial injection either an ACP/STR or a CSA followed by physical therapy. Follow-up (FU) was performed at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months. The outcome was assessed with Constant-Murley score, disability of arm, shoulder and hand score and simple shoulder test. The concentration of GF was measured using ELISA.

RESULTS

During the FU, the improvement of outcome measures was observed with no differences between both groups. Shoulder force was significantly increased in the ACP/STR group (p < 0.01). We found no correlation between the amount of GF and age or gender in the ACP/STR patients. An acromion Bigliani type III predisposes for therapy failure (p < 0.001, OR = 56) in both treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with SIS benefit regarding to PROMs after both ACP/STR and CSA injection and physical therapy. Patients who received ACP/STR obtained superior improvement in force. The quantity of GF did not vary depending on the age, so that ACP/STR can be a treatment option for SIS in elderly patients with multimorbidity. The presence of an acromion type III seems to be a predictive factor for limited effectivity of injections in the clinical management of SIS.

Ultrasonography-guided Intervention in the Achilles Tendon and Plantar Fascia

Tendinopathy is very common in the foot and ankle. Achilles tendinopathy is a painful overuse injury that often occurs in athletes, especially those who participate in running and jumping sports. Plantar fasciitis is the most frequent cause of plantar pain in the adult heel. Initial treatment of these conditions is conservative. However, in some cases symptoms only improve slowly, and many cases are intractable. When conservative management fails, ultrasonography guided injections are indicated. We discuss the main interventions performed in the foot and ankle for Achilles tendinopathy, retrocalcaneal bursitis, and plantar fasciitis. We describe the different agents that can be used and the various ultrasonography-guided procedures that offer technical and practical information to improve daily clinical practice.