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Delgado M, Garcia-Sanz JA. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies against Cancer: Present and Future. Cells 2023; 12:2837. [PMID: 38132155 PMCID: PMC10741644 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential against cancer have been generated and developed. Ninety-one are currently used in the clinics, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or other antibodies, including immune checkpoint antibodies. These advances helped to coin the term personalized medicine or precision medicine. However, it seems evident that in addition to the current work on the analysis of mechanisms to overcome drug resistance, the use of different classes of antibodies (IgA, IgE, or IgM) instead of IgG, the engineering of the Ig molecules to increase their half-life, the acquisition of additional effector functions, or the advantages associated with the use of agonistic antibodies, to allow a broad prospective usage of precision medicine successfully, a strategy change is required. Here, we discuss our view on how these strategic changes should be implemented and consider their pros and cons using therapeutic antibodies against cancer as a model. The same strategy can be applied to therapeutic antibodies against other diseases, such as infectious or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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2
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Dobbs Spendlove M, M. Gibson T, McCain S, Stone BC, Gill T, Pickett BE. Pathway2Targets: an open-source pathway-based approach to repurpose therapeutic drugs and prioritize human targets. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16088. [PMID: 37790614 PMCID: PMC10544355 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent efforts to repurpose existing drugs to different indications have been accompanied by a number of computational methods, which incorporate protein-protein interaction networks and signaling pathways, to aid with prioritizing existing targets and/or drugs. However, many of these existing methods are focused on integrating additional data that are only available for a small subset of diseases or conditions. Methods We have designed and implemented a new R-based open-source target prioritization and repurposing method that integrates both canonical intracellular signaling information from five public pathway databases and target information from public sources including OpenTargets.org. The Pathway2Targets algorithm takes a list of significant pathways as input, then retrieves and integrates public data for all targets within those pathways for a given condition. It also incorporates a weighting scheme that is customizable by the user to support a variety of use cases including target prioritization, drug repurposing, and identifying novel targets that are biologically relevant for a different indication. Results As a proof of concept, we applied this algorithm to a public colorectal cancer RNA-sequencing dataset with 144 case and control samples. Our analysis identified 430 targets and ~700 unique drugs based on differential gene expression and signaling pathway enrichment. We found that our highest-ranked predicted targets were significantly enriched in targets with FDA-approved therapeutics for colorectal cancer (p-value < 0.025) that included EGFR, VEGFA, and PTGS2. Interestingly, there was no statistically significant enrichment of targets for other cancers in this same list suggesting high specificity of the results. We also adjusted the weighting scheme to prioritize more novel targets for CRC. This second analysis revealed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), and two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK14 and MAPK3). These observations suggest that our open-source method with a customizable weighting scheme can accurately prioritize targets that are specific and relevant to the disease or condition of interest, as well as targets that are at earlier stages of development. We anticipate that this method will complement other approaches to repurpose drugs for a variety of indications, which can contribute to the improvement of the quality of life and overall health of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauri Dobbs Spendlove
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Trenton M. Gibson
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Shaney McCain
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C. Stone
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | | | - Brett E. Pickett
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
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Ramzy GM, Norkin M, Koessler T, Voirol L, Tihy M, Hany D, McKee T, Ris F, Buchs N, Docquier M, Toso C, Rubbia-Brandt L, Bakalli G, Guerrier S, Huelsken J, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Platform combining statistical modeling and patient-derived organoids to facilitate personalized treatment of colorectal carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:79. [PMID: 37013646 PMCID: PMC10069117 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We propose a new approach for designing personalized treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, by combining ex vivo organoid efficacy testing with mathematical modeling of the results. METHODS The validated phenotypic approach called Therapeutically Guided Multidrug Optimization (TGMO) was used to identify four low-dose synergistic optimized drug combinations (ODC) in 3D human CRC models of cells that are either sensitive or resistant to first-line CRC chemotherapy (FOLFOXIRI). Our findings were obtained using second order linear regression and adaptive lasso. RESULTS The activity of all ODCs was validated on patient-derived organoids (PDO) from cases with either primary or metastatic CRC. The CRC material was molecularly characterized using whole-exome sequencing and RNAseq. In PDO from patients with liver metastases (stage IV) identified as CMS4/CRIS-A, our ODCs consisting of regorafenib [1 mM], vemurafenib [11 mM], palbociclib [1 mM] and lapatinib [0.5 mM] inhibited cell viability up to 88%, which significantly outperforms FOLFOXIRI administered at clinical doses. Furthermore, we identified patient-specific TGMO-based ODCs that outperform the efficacy of the current chemotherapy standard of care, FOLFOXIRI. CONCLUSIONS Our approach allows the optimization of patient-tailored synergistic multi-drug combinations within a clinically relevant timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Ramzy
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Norkin
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-(EPFL-SV), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Koessler
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Voirol
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Tihy
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dina Hany
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas McKee
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Ris
- Translational Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Buchs
- Translational Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mylène Docquier
- iGE3 Genomics Platform, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaetan Bakalli
- EMLYON Business School, Artificial Intelligence in Management Institute, Ecully, France
| | - Stéphane Guerrier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Huelsken
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-(EPFL-SV), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ivanova M, Venetis K, Guerini-Rocco E, Bottiglieri L, Mastropasqua MG, Garrone O, Fusco N, Ghidini M. HER2 in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Pathology, Somatic Alterations, and Perspectives for Novel Therapeutic Schemes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1403. [PMID: 36143438 PMCID: PMC9502498 DOI: 10.3390/life12091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 is an emerging biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). This oncogene plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and, more in general, tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The most frequent types of HER2 alterations in CRC include gene amplification and missense mutations in 7-8% of CRC, often being mirrored by HER2 protein overexpression, representing founder events in solid tumors, including CRC. There are currently no approved HER2-targeted therapy guidelines for CRC; however, several studies have shown that HER2 can be effectively targeted in meta-static CRC settings. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of HER2 testing in CRC and the immediate future perspectives for HER2 targeting in the metastatic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bottiglieri
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Giuseppe Mastropasqua
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza G Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Precision Medicine in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Targeting ERBB2 (HER-2) Oncogene. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153718. [PMID: 35954382 PMCID: PMC9367374 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in terms of incidence rate in adults and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in Europe. The treatment of metastatic CRC (mCRC) is based on the use of chemotherapy, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for RAS wild-type tumors. Precision medicine tries to identify molecular alterations that could be treated with targeted therapies. Although ERBB2 (also known as HER-2) has an important therapeutic role in breast and esophagogastric cancer, there are no approved ERBB2-targeted therapies for mCRC. The purpose of this review is to describe the landscape of ERBB2-positive mCRC. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in terms of incidence rate in adults and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in Europe. The treatment of metastatic CRC (mCRC) is based on the use of chemotherapy, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for RAS wild-type tumors. Precision medicine tries to identify molecular alterations that could be treated with targeted therapies. ERBB2 amplification (also known as HER-2) has been identified in 2–3% of patients with mCRC, but there are currently no approved ERBB2-targeted therapies for mCRC. The purpose of this review is to describe the molecular structure of ERBB2, clinical features of these patients, diagnosis of ERBB2 alterations, and the most relevant clinical trials with ERBB2-targeted therapies in mCRC.
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Fencer MG, Davis CH, Spencer KR. Current Updates on HER2–Directed Therapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-022-00475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bischoff NS, Proquin H, Jetten MJ, Schrooders Y, Jonkhout MCM, Briedé JJ, van Breda SG, Jennen DGJ, Medina-Reyes EI, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Chirino YI, van Loveren H, de Kok TM. The Effects of the Food Additive Titanium Dioxide (E171) on Tumor Formation and Gene Expression in the Colon of a Transgenic Mouse Model for Colorectal Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1256. [PMID: 35457963 PMCID: PMC9027218 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is present in many different food products as the food additive E171, which is currently scrutinized due to its potential adverse effects, including the stimulation of tumor formation in the gastrointestinal tract. We developed a transgenic mouse model to examine the effects of E171 on colorectal cancer (CRC), using the Cre-LoxP system to create an Apc-gene-knockout model which spontaneously develops colorectal tumors. A pilot study showed that E171 exposed mice developed colorectal adenocarcinomas, which were accompanied by enhanced hyperplasia in epithelial cells, lymphatic nodules at the base of the polyps, and increased tumor size. In the main study, tumor formation was studied following the exposure to 5 mg/kgbw/day of E171 for 9 weeks (Phase I). E171 exposure showed a statistically nonsignificant increase in the number of colorectal tumors in these transgenic mice, as well as a statistically nonsignificant increase in the average number of mice with tumors. Gene expression changes in the colon were analyzed after exposure to 1, 2, and 5 mg/kgbw/day of E171 for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days (Phase II). Whole-genome mRNA analysis revealed the modulation of genes in pathways involved in the regulation of gene expression, cell cycle, post-translational modification, nuclear receptor signaling, and circadian rhythm. The processes associated with these genes might be involved in the enhanced tumor formation and suggest that E171 may contribute to tumor formation and progression by modulation of events related to inflammation, activation of immune responses, cell cycle, and cancer signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaj S. Bischoff
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Héloïse Proquin
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
- National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3721 MA De Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Marlon J. Jetten
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ES Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick Schrooders
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marloes C. M. Jonkhout
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacco J. Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Simone G. van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Danyel G. J. Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Estefany I. Medina-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (E.I.M.-R.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.)
| | - Norma L. Delgado-Buenrostro
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (E.I.M.-R.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.)
| | - Yolanda I. Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (E.I.M.-R.); (N.L.D.-B.); (Y.I.C.)
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.P.); (M.J.J.); (Y.S.); (M.C.M.J.); (J.J.B.); (S.G.v.B.); (D.G.J.J.); (H.v.L.); (T.M.d.K.)
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Yang L, Li W, Lu Z, Lu M, Zhou J, Peng Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Shen L, Li J. Clinicopathological features of HER2 positive metastatic colorectal cancer and survival analysis of anti-HER2 treatment. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:355. [PMID: 35365123 PMCID: PMC8976320 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate response and prognostic factors in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and compare the curative effect on patients who received different therapy regimens (including chemotherapy and chemotherapy combined with targeted drugs). Methods We retrospectively analyzed all HER2 positive mCRC patients treated at Peking University Cancer Hospital between September 2011 and February 2021. We divided 63 HER2 positive mCRC into group A and group B according to the use of trastuzumab or not. Besides, we assigned four subgroups according to the first-line therapies of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF WT patients. The Kaplan–Meier estimator was used to calculate PFS and OS. Univariable analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the association between clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. Results Among 63 patients, 54 (85.7%) were KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild-type (WT). Univariate analysis showed that the male sex, primary lesions in the right colon, simultaneous metastasis, and unresectable primary lesions were significant risk factors for poor survival of HER2 positive mCRC (P < 0.05). Using Cox proportional hazards models, we found that the two factors of gender and resection of primary lesions were independent prognostic factors (P < 0.05). The median PFS and median OS of HER2-positive patients with mCRC who received first-line treatment were 8.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0–11.7] and 48.2 months (95% CI: 23.5–72.8), respectively. The log-rank test revealed a significant difference in median OS survival between group A and group B (χ2 = 5.852, P = 0.016), and the two groups were divided according to the use or absence of trastuzumab treatment. In KRAS/NRAS/BRAF WT patients, there was a significant difference in median PFS and median OS between the fourth group patients (chemotherapy plus trastuzumab) and each of the other three groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions The two factors of gender and resection for primary lesion may be independent prognostic factors of advanced HER2 positive colorectal cancer patients. For patients with HER2-positive mCRC, patients in the chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab group have better efficacy than those without trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.,Department of oncology, People's Hospital of Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, 451450, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Shokooh Saremi S, Nikpoor AR, Sadri K, Mehrabian A, Karimi M, Mansouri A, Jafari MR, Badiee A. Development of a stable and high loaded liposomal formulation of lapatinib with enhanced therapeutic effects for breast cancer in combination with Caelyx®: In vitro and in vivo evaluations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:112012. [PMID: 34352656 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has poor water solubility, which results in poor and incomplete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. To overcome this obstacle, we designed a stable and high-loaded liposomal formulation encapsulating lapatinib and examined its therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo on TUBO and 4T1 cell lines. We also assessed the impact of liposomal lapatinib on the extent of the tumor and spleen-infiltrating lymphocytes and the autophagy and apoptosis gene expression within the tumor site. Our results showed that liposomal lapatinib inhibits cell proliferation and significantly induces autophagy and apoptosis compared to control groups. Moreover, when it used in combination with liposomal doxorubicin, it extended the time to end from 22.4 ± 3.5 in the control group to 40 days in the TUBO cell line and from 29.2 ± 1.7 to 38.6 ± 2.2 days in 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cell line, which reveals its promising effects on the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our results indicated the need for further evaluations to understand liposomal lapatinib's potential effects on autophagy, apoptosis, and particularly on immune system cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shokooh Saremi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Kayvan Sadri
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Mehrabian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Maryam Karimi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Atena Mansouri
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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10
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Diasio RB, Innocenti F, Offer SM. Pharmacogenomic-Guided Therapy in Colorectal Cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:616-625. [PMID: 34114648 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20 drugs have been shown to be effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). These drugs are from several classes of agents and include cytotoxic drugs, therapeutics that target cell signaling pathways at the extracellular and/or intracellular levels, and combination therapies that contain multiple targeted agents and/or cytotoxic compounds. Targeted therapeutics can include monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, and small molecule drugs. The first introduced into clinical use was 5-fluorouracil in the early 1960s and remains the foundation for most CRC treatments in both adjuvant therapy and in advanced (metastatic) treatment regimens. As with other cancers, the consideration of biomarkers has the potential to improve CRC therapy through patient stratification. The biomarkers can include germline genetic markers, tumor-specific genetic markers, immune markers, and other biomarkers that can predict antitumor efficacy or the likelihood of toxicity prior to administration of a specific drug. Consistent with the benefit of considering biomarkers in treatment, many newer targeted therapies are developed and approved simultaneously with a companion diagnostic test to determine efficacy. This review will focus on biomarkers that have demonstrated clinical utility in CRC treatment; however, it is noted that many additional biomarkers have been theorized to contribute to drug response and/or toxicity based on known biological pathways but thus far have not attained widespread use in the clinic. The importance of pretreatment biomarker testing is expected to increase as future drug development will likely continue to focus on the concurrent development of companion diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Diasio
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven M Offer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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11
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Ricci AD, Rizzo A, Rojas Llimpe FL, Di Fabio F, De Biase D, Rihawi K. Novel HER2-Directed Treatments in Advanced Gastric Carcinoma: AnotHER Paradigm Shift? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071664. [PMID: 33916206 PMCID: PMC8036476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed and/or amplified in approximately 15-20% of gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) patients. In 2010, the landmark ToGA trial established the combination of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy as the first-line standard of care for HER2-positive GC patients with advanced disease. However, subsequent studies on HER2 targeted therapies in this setting failed to meet their primary endpoints, and not all HER2-positive GC patients benefit from targeted approaches. More recently, novel HER2-directed treatments have been investigated, including trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-Dxd); following the results of the DESTINY-Gastric01 study, T-Dxd received its first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval on 15 January 2021 for the treatment of adults with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic GC who have received a prior trastuzumab-based regimen. In this review, we discuss the current HER2-targeted treatments for GC in the advanced disease setting, mainly focusing on emerging new treatments and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dalia Ricci
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (F.L.R.L.); (F.D.F.); (K.R.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 13, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (F.L.R.L.); (F.D.F.); (K.R.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 13, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabiola Lorena Rojas Llimpe
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (F.L.R.L.); (F.D.F.); (K.R.)
| | - Francesca Di Fabio
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (F.L.R.L.); (F.D.F.); (K.R.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Karim Rihawi
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (F.L.R.L.); (F.D.F.); (K.R.)
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