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Vacas-Córdoba E, Maly M, De la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Pion M, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Antiviral mechanism of polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers against HIV-1. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1281-94. [PMID: 27103798 PMCID: PMC4827595 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s96352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-derived platforms, such as dendrimers, are very attractive in several biological applications. In the case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers have shown great potential as antiviral agents in the development of novel microbicides to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1. In this work, we studied the mechanism of two sulfated and naphthylsulfonated functionalized carbosilane dendrimers, G3-S16 and G2-NF16. They are able to inhibit viral infection at fusion and thus at the entry step. Both compounds impede the binding of viral particles to target cell surface and membrane fusion through the blockage of gp120–CD4 interaction. In addition, and for the first time, we demonstrate that dendrimers can inhibit cell-to-cell HIV transmission and difficult infectious synapse formation. Thus, carbosilane dendrimers’ mode of action is a multifactorial process targeting several proteins from viral envelope and from host cells that could block HIV infection at different stages during the first step of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Vacas-Córdoba
- Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM BioBanK, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marek Maly
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Applied Mathematics and Physics (LaMFI), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Francisco J De la Mata
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Dendrimers for Biomedical Applications Group (BioInDen), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Dendrimers for Biomedical Applications Group (BioInDen), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjorie Pion
- Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM BioBanK, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM BioBanK, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Sánchez-Rodríguez J, Serramía MJ, Gómez R, De La Mata FJ, Jiménez JL, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Triple combination of carbosilane dendrimers, tenofovir and maraviroc as potential microbicide to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:899-914. [PMID: 25867856 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To research the synergistic activity by triple combinations of carbosilane dendrimers with tenofovir and maraviroc as topical microbicide. METHODS Cytotoxicity, anti-HIV-1 activity, vaginal irritation and histological analysis of triple combinations were determined. Analysis of combined effects and the median effective concentration were performed using CalcuSyn software. RESULTS Combinations showed a greater broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 activity than the single-drug, and preserved this activity in acid environment or seminal fluid. The strongest combinations were G2-STE16/G2-S24P/tenofovir, G2-STE16/G2-S16/maraviroc and G2-STE16/tenofovir/maraviroc at 2:2:1, 10:10:1 10:5:1 ratios, respectively. They demonstrated strong synergistic activity profile due to the weighted average combination indices varied between 0.06 and 0.38. No irritation was detected in female BALB/c mice. CONCLUSION The three-drug combination increases their antiviral potency and act synergistically as potential microbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Spanish HIV-HGM Biobank, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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Translation of biomedical prevention strategies for HIV: prospects and pitfalls. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 63 Suppl 1:S12-25. [PMID: 23673881 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31829202a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Early achievements in biomedical approaches for HIV prevention included physical barriers (condoms), clean injection equipment (both for medical use and for injection drug users), blood and blood product safety, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission. In recent years, antiretroviral drugs to reduce the risk of transmission (when the infected person takes the medicines; treatment as prevention) or reduce the risk of acquisition (when the seronegative person takes them; preexposure prophylaxis) have proven to be efficacious. Circumcision of men has also been a major tool relevant for higher prevalence regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. Well-established prevention strategies in the control of sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis are highly relevant for HIV (ie, screening, linkage to care, early treatment, and contact tracing). Unfortunately, only slow progress is being made in some available HIV-prevention strategies such as family planning for HIV-infected women who do not want more children and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. Current studies seek to integrate strategies into approaches that combine biomedical, behavioral, and structural methods to achieve prevention synergies. This review identifies the major biomedical approaches demonstrated to be efficacious that are now available. We also highlight the need for behavioral risk reduction and adherence as essential components of any biomedical approach.
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Tan S, Lu L, Li L, Liu J, Oksov Y, Lu H, Jiang S, Liu S. Polyanionic candidate microbicides accelerate the formation of semen-derived amyloid fibrils to enhance HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59777. [PMID: 23544097 PMCID: PMC3609764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyanionic candidate microbicides, including cellulose sulfate, carrageenan, PRO 2000, were proven ineffective in preventing HIV-1 transmission and even cellulose sulfate showed increased risk of HIV acquisition in the Phase III efficacy trials. Semen plays critical roles in HIV-1 sexual transmission. Specifically, amyloid fibrils formed by fragments of prostatic acidic phosphatase (PAP) in semen termed semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) could drastically enhance HIV-1 infection. Here we investigated the interaction between polyanions and PAP248-286, a prototype peptide of SEVI, to understand the possible cause of polyanionic candidate microbicides to fail in clinical trials. We found anionic polymers could efficiently promote SEVI fibril formation, most likely mediated by the natural electrostatic interaction between polyanions and PAP248-286, as revealed by acid native PAGE and Western blot. The overall anti-HIV-1 activity of polyanions in the presence or absence of PAP248-286 or semen was evaluated. In the viral infection assay, the supernatants of polyanions/PAP248-286 or polyanions/semen mixtures containing the free, unbound polyanionic molecules showed a general reduction in antiviral efficacy, while the pellets containing amyloid fibrils formed by the polyanion-bound PAP248-286 showed aggravated enhancement of viral infection. Collectively, from the point of drug-host protein interaction, our study revealed that polyanions facilitate SEVI fibril formation to promote HIV-1 infection, thus highlighting a molecular mechanism underlying the failure of polyanions in clinical trials and the importance of drug-semen interaction in evaluating the anti-HIV-1 efficacy of candidate microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiyi Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education & Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixiang Liu
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yelena Oksov
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hong Lu
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shibo Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education & Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJ); (SL)
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (SJ); (SL)
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Saidi H, Jenabian MA, Belec L. Understanding factors that modulate HIV infection at the female genital tract mucosae for the rationale design of microbicides. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:1485-97. [PMID: 22867060 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Women are now becoming the pivot of the epidemiological spread of HIV infection worldwide, especially in developing countries. Therefore, research to develop an efficient microbicide is now a priority for the prevention of HIV-1 acquisition in exposed women. However, recent disappointing failures in microbicide clinical trials revealed major gaps in basic and applied knowledge that hinder the development of effective microbicide formulations. Indeed, the inhibitory power of microbicide molecules may be affected by several physiological and immunological factors present in male and female genital tracts. Furthermore, mucosal crossing of HIV-1 to increase the ability to reach the submucosal target cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells) may be modulated by supraepithelial factors such as seminal complement components (opsonized HIV-1), by epithelial factors released in the submucosal microenvironment such as antimicrobial soluble factors, cytokines, and chemokines, and by potent intraepithelial and submucosal innate immunity. The design of vaginal microbicide formulations should take into account an understanding of the intimate mechanisms involved in the crossing of HIV through the female genital mucosae, in the context of a mixture of both male and female genital fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Saidi
- Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Chronic Viral Illnesses Service of the McGill University Health Centre, and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Belec
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Laboratoire de Virologie, and Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Abdulai MA, Baiden F, Adjei G, Afari-Asiedu S, Adjei K, Tawiah C, Newton S. An assessment of the likely acceptability of vaginal microbicides for HIV prevention among women in rural Ghana. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2012; 12:40. [PMID: 23114222 PMCID: PMC3519568 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-12-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The findings of the CAPRISA tenofovir studies have raised expectations that soon an approved microbicide would be available. However it is in only a limited number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa that the acceptability of microbicides has been evaluated. We conducted a study to assess the acceptability of vaginal microbicides among women in rural Ghana. METHODS The study employs a mixed method design, using cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions to further understand issues related to awareness and attitudes towards microbicide development, acceptability and perceived partner attitudes among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in two health facilities in the Kintampo North municipality of Ghana. We used logistic regression to identify possible predictors of microbicide acceptability among the women surveyed. RESULTS Although only 2% of the 504 women were aware of the development of microbicides, 95% were willing to use one when it became available. The cost of a microbicide that will be considered affordable to 50% of women was US$0.75. Although there were concerns about possible wetting effect, gel or creams were the most preferred (68% of women) formulation. Although 71% thought their partners will find microbicide acceptable, apprehensions about the feasibility of and consequences of failed discreet use were evident. 49% of women were concerned about possible negative effect of microbicide on sexual pleasure. Perceived partner acceptability (O.R. =17.7; 95%C.I. 5.03-62.5) and possibility of discreet use (O.R. =8.9 95%C.I. 2.63-30.13) were the important predictors of microbicide acceptability. CONCLUSION Achieving microbicide acceptability among male partners should be made a part of the promotive interventions for ensuring effective use among women in rural Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Abdulai
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, P. O. Box 200, Kintampo, Ghana.
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