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Saleem S, Rashid AB, Shehzadi S, Mumtaz H, Saqib M, Bseiso A, Villasenor AV, Ahmed A, Sonia SN. Contemporaneous and upcoming trends in immunotherapy for prostate cancer: review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:4005-4014. [PMID: 37554896 PMCID: PMC10406079 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. It affects more than 1.4 million men worldwide and kills up to 37 5000 people. PCa is routinely managed with chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy, but the success rate of these treatments is unsatisfactory. Immunotherapy is a novel method of treating different types of cancers, and it utilizes the body's own immune system to fight cancer. Different types of cancer respond differently to immunotherapy, with some showing excellent responses, while others do not show very satisfactory responses. PCa is known to be an immunologically cold tumor, such that conventional immunotherapy does not work as effectively as it works in other cancers. In the past decade, multiple studies and trials have been conducted to test different types of therapies, ranging from immune checkpoint inhibitors to anticancer vaccines to anticancer cytokines. Even after many studies, there is still a drug to be discovered that can completely cure any stage of PCa. Recent immunotherapeutic drug trials have started using immunotherapy in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and have shown promising results. In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive overview of the currently used immunotherapeutic drugs as well as emerging immunotherapies, including modalities of combination immunotherapy with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review can help readers gain the latest knowledge about emerging trends in the current immunotherapy landscape for the treatment of PCa, as well as a general overview of the already used immunotherapy drugs for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anan Bseiso
- Hebron University, Palestine, State of Hebron
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Delivery of curcumin within emulsome nanoparticles enhances the anti-cancer activity in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2531-2543. [PMID: 36607480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol isolated from turmeric, is a potent phytochemical possessing intrinsic anticancer activities against various cancer types including prostate cancer. However, low water solubility and bioavailability of the compound are major challenges against its medical use. The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of curcumin-loaded emulsome nanoparticular system, i.e. CurcuEmulsomes, for the treatment of androgen dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. METHODS AND RESULTS The antiproliferative effect of both free curcumin and CurcuEmulsome were investigated comparatively on LNCaP and PNT1A cells. Cell viability data indicates that the inhibition in proliferation of LNCaP cells becomes more effective when curcumin is provided with its emulsome formulation rather than its free form. Corresponding to a therapeutic index of 2.25, Half maximal inhibitory (IC50) and cytotoxic (CC50) concentrations of CurcuEmulsomes for LNCaP and PNT1A cells were estimated as 17.1 µM and 38.6 µM, respectively. The fluorescence signal of autofluorescence curcumin was preserved within the CurcuEmulsomes at 72 h after the treatment. Thus, CurcuEmulsomes prolonged biological activity of curcumin. Induced apoptotic cell death and stimulated cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase were attributed to antiproliferative activity of CurcuEmulsomes. Treatment of LNCaP cells with CurcuEmulsomes increased expression of caspase-3 significantly by 11.76-fold, whereas decreased cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and AR expression levels significantly by of 0.18, 0.06 and 0.46-fold, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Presented safety and anticancer activity of CurcuEmulsomes on LNCaP cell line highlights the potential of CurcuEmulsomes to benefit intrinsic anticancer activities of curcumin in androgen dependent prostate cancer therapy.
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Brodowsky EC, Sood A, Butaney M, Majdalany SE, Stephens A, Corsi N, Piontkowski AJ, Rakic I, Jamil M, Dalela D, Peabody JO, Rogers CG, Abdollah F. Time to second biochemical recurrence as a prognostic indicator in postprostatectomy patients who undergo salvage radiation therapy: An RTOG 9601 based post hoc analysis. Prostate 2023; 83:64-70. [PMID: 36120850 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The prognostic significance of a "second" biochemical recurrence (sBCR) after salvage radiation therapy (sRT) with/without hormonal therapy following primary radical prostatectomy in men with prostate cancer has not been examined. We hypothesized that a shorter time to sBCR will be associated with worse cancer control outcomes. METHODS The RTOG 9601 study included 760 patients with tumor stage pT2/T3, pN0, who had either persistently elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) postradical prostatectomy or developed subsequent biochemical recurrence with PSA levels between 0.2 and 4.0 ng/ml. All patients received sRT (with or without 2 years of Bicalutamide) from 1998 to 2015. For our study, we focused on 421 patients who had sBCR after sRT-which was defined as a PSA increase of at least 0.3 ng/ml over the first nadir. Patients were divided into two categories: early sBCR (n = 210) and late sBCR (n = 211) using median time to sBCR (3.51 years). All patients who experienced sBCR received salvage hormonal therapy. Competing-risk analysis was used to examine the impact of early versus late sBCR on prostate cancer specific mortality (CSM), after accounting for available covariates. RESULTS The majority of patients were age 60 years or older (75.8%), had pT3 disease (74.8%), and Gleason score 7 (75.2%). Overall, 13.8% had persistent PSA initially after surgery. At 10 years, starting at the time of sBCR, CSM rate was 31.3% in the early sBCR group versus 20.0% in the late sBCR group. In competing-risk analysis, time to sBCR was an independent predictor of CSM, where patients with early sBCR had 1.7-fold higher CSM risk (p = 0.026) than their counterparts with late sBCR. CONCLUSIONS Time to sBCR after sRT (with or without concomitant Bicalutamide) is a significant predictor of CSM following initial radical prostatectomy. This information can be used to guide subsequent treatments, and to counsel patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Chan Brodowsky
- Department of Urology, VCORE-Vattikuti Urology Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Urology, VCORE-Vattikuti Urology Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mohit Butaney
- Department of Urology, VCORE-Vattikuti Urology Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sami E Majdalany
- Department of Urology, VCORE-Vattikuti Urology Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alex Stephens
- Department of Urology, VCORE-Vattikuti Urology Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas Corsi
- Division of Medicine, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Austin J Piontkowski
- Division of Medicine, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ivan Rakic
- Division of Medicine, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcus Jamil
- Department of Urology, VCORE-Vattikuti Urology Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Deepansh Dalela
- Department of Urology, VCORE-Vattikuti Urology Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - James O Peabody
- Department of Urology, VCORE-Vattikuti Urology Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Craig G Rogers
- Department of Urology, VCORE-Vattikuti Urology Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Firas Abdollah
- Department of Urology, VCORE-Vattikuti Urology Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Analytics and Evaluation, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Oncolytic Adenovirus with SPAG9 shRNA Driven by DD3 Promoter Improved the Efficacy of Docetaxil for Prostate Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7918067. [PMID: 35535313 PMCID: PMC9078851 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7918067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignant tumor of the male urinary system and ranks the second in the causes of tumor-related deaths. Differential display code 3 (DD3) is a noncoding gene that is specifically expressed in PCa. High expression of sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) is closely related to tumorigenesis of PCa, and SPAG9 is a therapeutic target for PCa. In this study, a new oncolytic adenovirus DD3-ZD55-SPAG9 was constructed by using DD3 promoter to enhance the efficacy and safety of adenovirus. The combined use of DD3-ZD55-SPAG9 and docetaxel showed that DD3-ZD55-SPAG9 significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy of docetaxel in PCa both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism was related to the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and the inhibition of tumor cell invasion. In conclusion, DD3-ZD55-SPAG9 combined with docetaxel is an effective strategy for PCa therapy.
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Tan W, Zheng T, Wang A, Roacho J, Thao S, Du P, Jia S, Yu J, King BL, Kohli M. Dynamic changes in gene alterations during chemotherapy in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4672. [PMID: 35304525 PMCID: PMC8933498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel chemotherapy is a standard treatment option for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. To date, the genomic perturbations underlying the emergence of resistance in mCRPC patients during chemotherapy treatment have not been fully characterized. Previous studies have established that AR, TP53, RB1 and PTEN gene alterations are frequent at this stage of progression and that TP53, RB1 and PTEN, but not AR alterations are associated with poor outcome. However, the clonal dynamics of these key driver cancer genes during chemotherapy in mCRPC patients have not been described. Toward this goal, we performed a retrospective analysis of serially profiled cell-free DNA (cfDNA) alterations in blood samples collected from mCRPC patients before and after starting chemotherapy who were followed for response and clinical outcomes. While AR alterations and measures of mutational load were significantly reduced in patients with stable or decreased PSA levels after 3 cycles of chemotherapy, reductions in RB1, TP53 and PTEN alterations were relatively modest, which may represent the persistence of a clonal signature associated with the emergence of treatment-induced lineage plasticity (TILP) underlying resistance. The ability to monitor these driver gene clonal dynamics during chemotherapy may have utility in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Tan
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Tiantian Zheng
- Predicine, Inc., 3555 Arden Road, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Amy Wang
- Predicine, Inc., 3555 Arden Road, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Joanna Roacho
- Predicine, Inc., 3555 Arden Road, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Seng Thao
- Predicine, Inc., 3555 Arden Road, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Pan Du
- Predicine, Inc., 3555 Arden Road, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Shidong Jia
- Predicine, Inc., 3555 Arden Road, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Predicine, Inc., 3555 Arden Road, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
| | - Bonnie L King
- Predicine, Inc., 3555 Arden Road, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA.
| | - Manish Kohli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jack R. and Hazel M. Robertson Presidential Endowed Chair, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Dr. Rm. 4263, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Therapeutic Influence on Important Targets Associated with Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236062. [PMID: 34885171 PMCID: PMC8657135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is no doubt that the need for new effective methods of cancer treatment remains challenging, as cancer is the second cause of death based on the number of cases in the world. In this review, we investigated the role of one of the leading determinants in the development and progression of various types of cancer—oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as clinical and experimental data from the studies of promising drugs of natural origin, such as flavonoids, that target these stages of oncogenesis. This can all help in the expansion and systematization of the existing knowledge regarding the fight against cancer, the facilitation of the development of effective anti-cancer drugs, and the progression of research in this field, in order to improve the treatment of these disorders. Abstract Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the interconnected pathological processes, which lead to cancer initiation and progression. The growing level of oxidative and inflammatory damage was shown to increase cancer severity and contribute to tumor spread. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is associated with the reduced capacity of the endogenous cell defense mechanisms and/or metabolic imbalance, is the main contributor to oxidative stress. An abnormal level of ROS was defined as a predisposing factor for the cell transformation that could trigger pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, induce changes in gene expression, and facilitate accumulation of mutations, DNA damage, and genomic instability. Additionally, the activation of transcription factors caused by a prolonged oxidative stress, including NF-κB, p53, HIF1α, etc., leads to the expression of several genes responsible for inflammation. The resulting hyperactivation of inflammatory mediators, including TNFα, TGF-β, interleukins, and prostaglandins can contribute to the development of neoplasia. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were shown to trigger adaptive reactions and the acquisition of resistance by tumor cells to apoptosis, while promoting proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the chronic inflammatory response leads to the excessive production of free radicals, which further aggravate the initiated reactions. This review summarizes the recent data and progress in the discovery of mechanisms that associate oxidative stress and chronic inflammation with cancer onset and metastasis. In addition, the review provides insights for the development of therapeutic approaches and the discovery of natural substances that will be able to simultaneously inhibit several key oncological and inflammation-related targets.
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Fahmy O, Alhakamy NA, Rizg WY, Bagalagel A, Alamoudi AJ, Aldawsari HM, Khateb AM, Eldakhakhny BM, Fahmy UA, Abdulaal WH, Fresta CG, Caruso G. Updates on Molecular and Biochemical Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5127. [PMID: 34768647 PMCID: PMC8585085 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the most commonly non-cutaneous diagnosed cancer in men worldwide and occupies a very wide area of preclinical and clinical research. Targeted therapy for any cancer depends on the understanding of the molecular bases and natural behaviour of the diseases. Despite the well-known effect of androgen deprivation on PCa, many patients develop resistance either for antiandrogen therapy or other new treatment modalities such as checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy. Comprehensive understanding of the development of PCa as well as of the mechanisms underlying its progression is mandatory to maximise the benefit of the current approved medications or to guide the future research for targeted therapy of PCa. The aim of this review was to provide updates on the most recent mechanisms regarding the development and the progression of PCa. According to the current understanding, future treatment strategies should include more predictive genetic and biomarker analysis to assign different patients to the expected most appropriate and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Fahmy
- Department of Urology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (W.Y.R.); (H.M.A.); (U.A.F.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y. Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (W.Y.R.); (H.M.A.); (U.A.F.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Bagalagel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulmohsin J. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (W.Y.R.); (H.M.A.); (U.A.F.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiah M. Khateb
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 42224, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Basmah M. Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21555, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (W.Y.R.); (H.M.A.); (U.A.F.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21555, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21555, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudia G. Fresta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Wang W, Yi J, Dong D, Mao W, Wang X, Yan Z. miRNA-877-5p inhibits malignant progression of prostate cancer by directly targeting SSFA2. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34538046 PMCID: PMC8477230 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-877-5p in the malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer (PCa) cells and its underlying mechanism. RT-qPCR analysis was performed to examine the expression of miR- 877-5p and sperm-specific antigen 2 (SSFA2) in PCa tissues and cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 5- ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry, wound-healing assay, and Transwell invasion assay were performed to determine the functional roles of miR-877-5p in PCa cells. The association of miR-877-5p with SSFA2 was determined by luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. In this study, we found that the expression level of miR-877-5p was decreased in PCa tissues and cells. Functionally, overexpression of miR- 877-5p exerted tumor suppressor properties in PCa cells. Mechanistically, SSFA2 was identified as a target gene of miR-877-5p, while overexpression of SSFA2 could abrogate the anti-tumor effects of miR-877-5p in PCa cells. These findings demonstrated that miR-877-5p/SSFA2 axis functioned as a potential target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchun Wang
- Department of TCM Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang .
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of TCM Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang .
| | - Degang Dong
- School of life sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang.
| | - Wenli Mao
- Department of TCM Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang .
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- Department of TCM Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang .
| | - Zhangren Yan
- Department of TCM Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang .
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GDI2 is a target of paclitaxel that affects tumorigenesis of prostate cancer via the p75NTR signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 562:119-126. [PMID: 34051575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) refers to malignant tumors derived from prostate epithelial cells, whose morbidity and mortality rates have been increasing every year. Although new drugs for treating prostate cancer continue to emerge, the unclear mechanism underlying drug targets limits this therapy, thereby constraining identification of effective therapeutic targets. Although GDP dissociation inhibitor 2(GDI2) is highly expressed and closely associated with occurrence and development of many tumors, its role in prostate cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of GDI2 and elucidated its underlying mechanism of action in prostate cancer. Moreover, we screened chemotherapeutic drugs that affect GDI2 expression with a view of identifying novel targets for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS We performed sequence analyses and functional assays to precisely elucidate the GDI2 role in prostate cancer. Moreover, we induced tumorigenesis in nude mice to verify the role of GDI2 in vivo. Finally, we used the CCK8 assay to ascertain the most suitable IC50 across the three drugs and performed quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot to analyze the effects of drugs on expression of GDI2, p75NTR, and p-NFκB. RESULTS GDI2 was up-regulated in prostate cancer cells and tissues. Knocking down GDI2 suppressed cell proliferation but promoted cell apoptosis. Interestingly, knocking down GDI2 activated the p75NTR signaling pathway, indicating, for the first time, that p75NTR is negatively correlated with GDI2 expression. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that GDI2 is a therapeutic target of paclitaxel. Knocking down of GDI2 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis via the p75NTR signaling pathway in prostate cancer. Notably, paclitaxel inhibits GDI2 expression, implying that GDI2 may be a promising therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Chen Q, Fu L, Hu J, Guo G, Xie A. Silencing of PSMC2 inhibits development and metastasis of prostate cancer through regulating proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:235. [PMID: 33902600 PMCID: PMC8077794 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor of male genitourinary system, molecular mechanism of which is still not clear. PSMC2 (proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 2) is a key member of the 19S regulatory subunit of 26S proteasome, whose relationship with prostate cancer is rarely studied. Methods Here, expression of PSMC2 in tumor tissues or cells of prostate cancer was detected by qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. The effects of PSMC2 knockdown on cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by Celigo cell counting assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The influence of PSMC2 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo was evaluated by mice xenograft models. Results The results demonstrated that PSMC2 was upregulated in tumor tissues of prostate cancer and its high expression was significantly associated with advanced Gleason grade and higher Gleason score. Knockdown of PSMC2 could inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration of prostate cancer cells, while promoting cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The suppression of tumor growth in vivo by PSMC2 knockdown was also showed by using mice xenograft models. Moreover, the regulation of prostate cancer by PSMC2 may be mediated by Akt/Cyclin D1/CDK6 signaling pathway. Conclusions Therefore, our studies suggested that PSMC2 may act as a tumor promotor in the development and progression of prostate cancer, and could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingke Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingmin Fu
- Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jieping Hu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guanghua Guo
- Department of Burns, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - An Xie
- Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Chen Y, Deng Y, Zhu C, Xiang C. Anti prostate cancer therapy: Aptamer-functionalized, curcumin and cabazitaxel co-delivered, tumor targeted lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110181. [PMID: 32416561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common type of newly diagnosed malignancy in men. Combined chemotherapy has been shown to be an effective strategy for the treatment of PC therapy. Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) are core-shell nanoparticles composed of a polymer core and a lipid shell, which are reported to provide significant advantages for combined PC therapy. This study synthesized an aptamer conjugated ligand and designed an aptamer-functionalized, curcumin (CUR) and cabazitaxel (CTX) co-delivered LPNs (APT-CUR/CTX-LPNs). APT-CUR/CTX-LPNs had a mean size of 121.3 ± 4.2 nm and a positive surface charge (23.5 ± 2.6 mV). Both CUR and CTX were sustained released from LPNs. Aptamer-functionalized APT-CUR/CTX-LPNs exhibited good cell inhibition ability, high tumor accumulation, and remarkable tumor inhibition efficiency at the drug ratio of 2:5 (CUR:CTX). The novel LPNs offers great promise for the double drugs delivery to the prostate cancer cells and tumor xenograft in vivo, showing the potential of synergistic combination therapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yougan Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, PR China
| | - Chenyao Zhu
- Shenzhen Yuce Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
| | - Congming Xiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, PR China.
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Franceschi E, Lamberti G, Visani M, Paccapelo A, Mura A, Tallini G, Pession A, De Biase D, Minichillo S, Tosoni A, Di Battista M, Cubeddu A, Bartolini S, Brandes AA. Temozolomide rechallenge in recurrent glioblastoma: when is it useful? Future Oncol 2018; 14:1063-1069. [PMID: 29741106 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify patients with recurrent glioblastoma after temozolomide (TMZ) concurrent with and adjuvant to radiotherapy who could benefit from TMZ rechallenge at the time of disease progression. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 106 glioblastoma patients who had nonprogressive disease at first magnetic resonance imaging after completion of TMZ concurrent with and adjuvant to radiotherapy, a treatment-free interval (TFI) of at least 8 weeks and received TMZ rechallenge or a nitrosourea at the time of progression. RESULTS In patients with TFI ≥5 months, median survival was 17.7 and 11.6 months and median progression-free survival was 8.1 and 5.8 months in the TMZ and nitrosourea group, respectively. Longer TFI was associated with reduced risk for death (p = 0.002) and for disease progression (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION TFI ≥5 months represents a predictor of retained TMZ sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandro Paccapelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Mura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pession
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santino Minichillo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Di Battista
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Cubeddu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
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