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Markopoulos G, Lampri E, Tragani I, Kourkoumelis N, Vartholomatos G, Seretis K. Intraoperative Flow Cytometry for the Rapid Diagnosis and Validation of Surgical Clearance of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Prospective Clinical Feasibility Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:682. [PMID: 38398076 PMCID: PMC10887295 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent cancer in humans, with a high global incidence. We present a prospective clinical feasibility study on the use of intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC) for the instant diagnosis of NMSC and its complete surgical clearance. Flow cytometry, a laser-based technique, quantifies cell features, which has applications in cancer research. This study aim is to explore the potential applicability of iFC in detecting and characterizing NMSC and its surgical margins. In total, 30 patients who underwent diagnosis for NMSC were recruited. The method demonstrated high sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (87.1%), with an accuracy of 91.1%, as confirmed with a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The results also indicated that most tumors were diploid, with two cases being hypoploid. The average G0/G1 fractions for normal and tumor tissue samples were 96.03 ± 0.30% and 88.03 ± 1.29%, respectively, with the tumor index escalating from 3.89 ± 0.30% to 11.95 ± 1.29% in cancerous cells. These findings underscore iFC's capability for precise intraoperative NMSC characterization and margin evaluation, promising enhanced complete tumor excision rates. Given the technique's successful application in various other malignancies, its implementation in NMSC diagnosis and treatment holds significant promise and warrants further research in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Markopoulos
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology and Translational Flow Cytometry, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Evangeli Lampri
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.L.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioulia Tragani
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.L.); (I.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Kourkoumelis
- Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Georgios Vartholomatos
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology and Translational Flow Cytometry, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Seretis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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He M, Zhang D, Cao Y, Chi C, Zeng Z, Yang X, Yang G, Sharma K, Hu K, Enikeev M. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells therapy in prostate cancer: A comprehensive review on the current state and prospects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19147. [PMID: 37664750 PMCID: PMC10469587 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent immunotherapy research has focused on chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-Ts). CAR-T therapies have been clinically applied to manage hematologic malignancies with satisfactory effectiveness. However, the application of CAR-T immunotherapy in solid tumors remains challenging. Even so, current CAR-T immunotherapies for prostate cancer (PCa) have shown some promise, giving hope to patients with advanced metastatic PCa. This review aimed to elucidate different types of prostate tumor-associated antigen targets, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen and prostate stem cell antigen, and their effects. The current status of the corresponding targets in clinical research through their applications was also discussed. To improve the efficacy of CAR-T immunotherapy, we addressed the possible applications of multimodal immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and CAR-T combined therapies. The obstacles of solid tumors were concisely elaborated. Further studies should aim to discover novel potential targets and establish new models by overcoming the inherent barriers of solid tumors, such as tumor heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze He
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dongqi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University (Lequn Branch), 130000, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Cao
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Changliang Chi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University (Lequn Branch), 130000, Changchun, China
| | - Zitong Zeng
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinyi Yang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guodong Yang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kritika Sharma
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kebang Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University (Lequn Branch), 130000, Changchun, China
| | - Mikhail Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
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Markopoulos GS, Glantzounis GK, Goussia AC, Lianos GD, Karampa A, Alexiou GA, Vartholomatos G. Touch Imprint Intraoperative Flow Cytometry as a Complementary Tool for Detailed Assessment of Resection Margins and Tumor Biology in Liver Surgery for Primary and Metastatic Liver Neoplasms. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4030066. [PMID: 34564312 PMCID: PMC8482241 DOI: 10.3390/mps4030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver resection is the main treatment for primary and metastatic liver tumors in order to achieve long-term survival with good quality of life. The ultimate goal of surgical oncology is to achieve complete tumor removal with adequate clear surgical margins. Flow cytometry is a powerful analytical technique with applications such as phenotypic analysis and quantification of DNA content. Intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC) is the application of flow cytometry for DNA content/ploidy and cell cycle distribution analysis during surgery for tumor cell analysis and margin evaluation. It has been used for cell analysis of intracranial tumors and recently of head and neck carcinomas and breast carcinomas, as well as for tumor margin evaluation. Herein, we present a novel touch imprint iFC protocol for the detailed assessment of tumor margins during excision of malignant hepatic lesions. The protocol aims to offer information on surgical margins after removal of malignant liver tumors based on DNA content of cancer cells and to corroborate the results of iFC with that of histopathological analysis. Based on the established role of iFC in other types of malignancies, our specialized protocol has the potential, through characterization of cells in liver transection surface post hepatectomy, to offer significant information on the type of resection and tumor biology. This information can be used to effectively guide intra- and postoperative patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S. Markopoulos
- Neurosurgical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.S.M.); (G.A.A.)
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Glantzounis
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.K.G.); (G.D.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna C. Goussia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Georgios D. Lianos
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.K.G.); (G.D.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Anastasia Karampa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.K.G.); (G.D.L.); (A.K.)
| | - George A. Alexiou
- Neurosurgical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.S.M.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Vartholomatos
- Haematology Laboratory-Unit of Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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