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Xu R, Shi X, Huang H, Tan WS, Cai H. Development of a Me 2SO-free cryopreservation medium and its long-term cryoprotection on the CAR-NK cells. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104835. [PMID: 38070820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a crucial step in the supply process of off-the-shelf chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer (CAR-NK) cell products. Concerns have been raised over the clinical application of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) due to the potential for adverse reactions following infusion and limited cell-specific cytotoxic effects if misapplied. In this study, we developed a Me2SO-free cryopreservation medium specifically tailored for CAR-NK cells to address this limitation. The cryopreservation medium was formulated using human serum albumin (HSA) and glycerol as the base components. Following initial screening of seven clinically-compatible solutions, four with cryoprotective properties were identified. These were combined and optimized into a single formulation: IF-M. The viability, phenotype, and function of CAR-NK cells were evaluated after short-term and long-term cryopreservation to assess the effectiveness of IF-M, with Me2SO serving as the control group. The viability and recovery of CAR-NK cells in the IF-M group were significantly higher than those in the Me2SO group within 90 days of cryopreservation. Moreover, after 1 year of cryopreservation the cytotoxic capacity of CAR-NK cells cryopreserved with IF-M was comparable to that of fresh CAR-NK cells and significantly superior to that of CAR-NK cells cryopreserved in Me2SO. The CD107a expression intensity of CAR-NK cells in IF-M group was significantly higher than that of Me2SO group. No statistical differences were observed in other indicators under different cryopreservation times. These results underscore the robustness of IF-M as a suitable replacement for traditional Me2SO-based cryopreservation medium for the long-term cryopreservation and clinical application of off-the-shelf CAR-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Huimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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2
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Nazari-Shafti TZ, Neuber S, Falk V, Emmert MY. Toward next-generation advanced therapies: extracellular vesicles and cell therapy - partners or competitors? Regen Med 2021; 16:215-218. [PMID: 33622051 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Z Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland.,Wyss Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Watkinson F, Nayar SK, Rani A, Sakellariou CA, Elhage O, Papaevangelou E, Dasgupta P, Galustian C. IL-15 Upregulates Telomerase Expression and Potently Increases Proliferative Capacity of NK, NKT-Like, and CD8 T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594620. [PMID: 33537030 PMCID: PMC7848219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that has been shown to expand CD8 T cell and natural killer (NK) cell populations, and therefore has potential for potentiating adoptive immune cell therapy for cancer. Previously, IL-15 has been shown to induce proliferation of CD8 memory T cells through activation of telomerase. Here, we investigated whether telomerase is also activated during the IL-15 mediated proliferation of NK and NKT-like (CD56+CD3+) cells. We also examined the extent that each of the three signaling pathways known to be stimulated by IL-2/IL-15 (JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT Ras-RAF/MAPK) were activated and involved in the telomerase expression in the three cell types NK, NKT, or CD8 T cells. To assess cell proliferation and doubling, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or isolated NK, NKT-like or CD8 T cells were incubated with varying concentrations of IL-15 or IL-2 for 7 days. CD8 T, NK, and NKT cell expansion was determined by fluorophore-conjugated antibody staining and flow cytometry. Cell doubling was investigated using carboxyfluorescein-succinimidyl-ester (CFSE). Telomerase expression was investigated by staining cells with anti-telomerase reverse transcriptase (anti-TERT). Telomerase activity in CD56+ and CD8 T cells was also measured via Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP). Analysis of cellular expansion, proliferation and TERT expression concluded that IL-15 increased cellular growth of NK, NKT, and CD8 T cells more effectively than IL-2 using low or high doses. IL-15, increased TERT expression in NK and NKT cells by up to 2.5 fold, the same increase seen in CD8 T cells. IL-2 had effects on TERT expression only at high doses (100–1000 ng/ml). Proteome profiling identified that IL-15 activated selected signaling proteins in the three pathways (JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT, Ras-MAPK) known to mediate IL-2/IL-15 signaling, more strongly than IL-2. Evaluation by signaling pathway inhibitors revealed that JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways are important in IL-15’s ability to upregulate TERT expression in NK and NKT cells, whereas all three pathways were involved in CD8 T cell TERT expression. In conclusion, this study shows that IL-15 potently stimulates TERT upregulation in NK and NKT cells in addition to CD8 T cells and is therefore a valuable tool for adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Watkinson
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep Krishan Nayar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aradhana Rani
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina A Sakellariou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oussama Elhage
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Efthymia Papaevangelou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Urology Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Galustian
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Kitaeva KV, Rutland CS, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Cell Culture Based in vitro Test Systems for Anticancer Drug Screening. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:322. [PMID: 32328489 PMCID: PMC7160228 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new high-tech systems for screening anticancer drugs is one of the main problems of preclinical screening. Poor correlation between preclinical in vitro and in vivo data with clinical trials remains a major concern. The choice of the correct tumor model at the stage of in vitro testing provides reduction in both financial and time costs during later stages due to the timely screening of ineffective agents. In view of the growing incidence of oncology, increasing the pace of the creation, development and testing of new antitumor agents, the improvement and expansion of new high-tech systems for preclinical in vitro screening is becoming very important. The pharmaceutical industry presently relies on several widely used in vitro models, including two-dimensional models, three-dimensional models, microfluidic systems, Boyden's chamber and models created using 3D bioprinting. This review outlines and describes these tumor models including their use in research, in addition to their characteristics. This review therefore gives an insight into in vitro based testing which is of interest to researchers and clinicians from differing fields including pharmacy, preclinical studies and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V. Kitaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Dougan M, Dranoff G, Dougan SK. Cancer Immunotherapy: Beyond Checkpoint Blockade. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2019; 3:55-75. [PMID: 37539076 PMCID: PMC10400018 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Blocking antibodies to the immune checkpoint receptors or their ligands have revolutionized the treatment of diverse malignancies. Many tumors are recognized by adaptive immunity, but these adaptive responses can be inhibited by immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor, often through pathways outside of the currently targeted checkpoints. For this reason, only a minority of cancer patients achieve durable responses to current immunotherapies. Multiple novel approaches strive to expand immunotherapy's reach. These may include targeting alternative immune checkpoints. However, many investigational strategies look beyond checkpoint blockade. These include cellular therapies to bypass endogenous immunity and efforts to stimulate new adaptive antitumor responses using vaccines, adjuvants, and combinations with cytotoxic therapy, as well as strategies to inhibit innate immune suppression and modulate metabolism within the tumor microenvironment. The challenge for immunotherapy going forward will be to select rational strategies for overcoming barriers to effective antitumor responses from the myriad possible targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dougan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Tiberi S, du Plessis N, Walzl G, Vjecha MJ, Rao M, Ntoumi F, Mfinanga S, Kapata N, Mwaba P, McHugh TD, Ippolito G, Migliori GB, Maeurer MJ, Zumla A. Tuberculosis: progress and advances in development of new drugs, treatment regimens, and host-directed therapies. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:e183-e198. [PMID: 29580819 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains the world's leading cause of death from an infectious disease, responsible for an estimated 1 674 000 deaths annually. WHO estimated 600 000 cases of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in 2016-of which 490 000 were multidrug resistant (MDR), with less than 50% survival after receiving recommended treatment regimens. Concerted efforts of stakeholders, advocates, and researchers are advancing further development of shorter course, more effective, safer, and better tolerated treatment regimens. We review the developmental pipeline and landscape of new and repurposed tuberculosis drugs, treatment regimens, and host-directed therapies (HDTs) for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis. 14 candidate drugs for drug-susceptible, drug-resistant, and latent tuberculosis are in clinical stages of drug development; nine are novel in phase 1 and 2 trials, and three new drugs are in advanced stages of development for MDR tuberculosis. Specific updates are provided on clinical trials of bedaquiline, delamanid, pretomanid, and other licensed or repurposed drugs that are undergoing investigation, including trials aimed at shortening duration of tuberculosis treatment, improving treatment outcomes and patient adherence, and reducing toxic effects. Ongoing clinical trials for shortening tuberculosis treatment duration, improving treatment outcomes in MDR tuberculosis, and preventing disease in people with latent tuberculosis infection are reviewed. A range of HDTs and immune-based treatments are under investigation as adjunctive therapy for shortening duration of therapy, preventing permanent lung injury, and improving treatment outcomes of MDR tuberculosis. We discuss the HDT development pipeline, ongoing clinical trials, and translational research efforts for adjunct tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Tiberi
- Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- South African Department of Science and Technology, and National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- South African Department of Science and Technology, and National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Martin Rao
- Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal; Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale, and Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Universite M Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Sayoki Mfinanga
- National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nathan Kapata
- Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Peter Mwaba
- UNZA-UCLMS Research and Training Programme, and Apex University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Disease, L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Migliori
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Sceintifico, Tradate, Italy
| | - Markus J Maeurer
- Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal; Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; National Institute of Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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7
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Kusabuka H, Fujiwara K, Tokunaga Y, Hirobe S, Nakagawa S, Okada N. Highly efficient gene transfer using a retroviral vector into murine T cells for preclinical chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cell therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:73-79. [PMID: 26993168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T (CAR-T) cells has attracted attention as an efficacious strategy for cancer treatment. To prove the efficacy and safety of CAR-T cell therapy, the elucidation of immunological mechanisms underlying it in mice is required. Although a retroviral vector (Rv) is mainly used for the introduction of CAR to murine T cells, gene transduction efficiency is generally less than 50%. The low transduction efficiency causes poor precision in the functional analysis of CAR-T cells. We attempted to improve the Rv gene transduction protocol to more efficiently generate functional CAR-T cells by optimizing the period of pre-cultivation and antibody stimulation. In the improved protocol, gene transduction efficiency to murine T cells was more than 90%. In addition, almost all of the prepared murine T cells expressed CAR after puromycin selection. These CAR-T cells had antigen-specific cytotoxic activity and secreted multiple cytokines by antigen stimulation. We believe that our optimized gene transduction protocol for murine T cells contributes to the advancement of T cell biology and development of immunotherapy using genetically engineered T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hotaka Kusabuka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kento Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tokunaga
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hirobe
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Naoki Okada
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Abstract
As calculated by the meta-analysis of Korn et al., the prognosis of metastatic melanoma in the pretarget and immunological therapy era was poor, with a median survival of 6.2 and a 1-year life expectancy of 25.5%. Nowadays, significant advances in melanoma treatment have been gained, and immunotherapy is one of the promising approaches to get to durable responses and survival improvement. The aim of the present review is to highlight the recent innovations in melanoma immunotherapy and to propose a critical perspective of the future directions of this enthralling oncology subspecialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valpione
- Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Luca G Campana
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, University of Padova, via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
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