Risk of fatigue in cancer patients treated with anti programmed cell death-1/anti programmed cell death ligand-1 agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

[Cancer-related fatigue and immune checkpoint inhibitors]

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common, burdensome, debilitating subjective sense of tiredness or exhaustion in patients with cancer. The pathogenesis is assumed to be multifactorial with CRF being a final common pathway. Among other things, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is also associated with CRF. However, the toxic adverse events of ICI are not inevitably the only cause for CRF. Therefore, the diagnostic procedure should address other possible influencing factors, e.g., somatic, mental, cognitive, and psychosocial causes. To manage CRF evidence-based, causal, and symptomatic therapies are available. The key condition to manage CRF is active listening and shared decision making (SDM) with the goal to select those interventions from the broad spectrum of therapies that are best suited for the particular patient and their life circumstances. Providing information about ICI and CRF to reassure patients is already an effective intervention.