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Mas-Bargues C, Borrás C. Importance of stem cell culture conditions for their derived extracellular vesicles therapeutic effect. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:16-24. [PMID: 33781893 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) could be enhanced by modifying specific in vitro parameters when culturing their originating stem cells. Controlling stem cell growth conditions with physical properties, oxygen tension and media preconditioning with soluble factors may influence EVs biogenesis and EVs biological function as well. Unfortunately, many misconceptions and methodological issues have hampered the progress in understanding the biological properties of EVs. In this review we will first discuss the major concerns involved in a suitable EVs production from stem cell culture. Then, we will describe the current techniques for EV isolation, focusing on their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their impact on EVs yield, recovery and functionality. Standardization of the methodology is a prerequisite to compare, to validate and to improve the reliability and credibility of all the different findings reported for the development of EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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Wu X, Wu D, Mu Y, Zhao Y, Ma Z. Serum-Free Medium Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on a Murine Model for Acute Colitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:586. [PMID: 32671030 PMCID: PMC7332562 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The usage of animal serum may ultimately prevent the application of ex vivo cultured mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a clinical setting due to safety concerns and batch-to-batch variability. Increasing regulatory pressure to limit use of animal serum has been issued and serum-free, xeno-free, and chemically defined media (S&XFM-CD) is encouraged to replace serum-containing media (SCM) in the stem cell preparation process. We previously developed a S&XFM-CD for the expansion of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs). Different culture conditions affect the function of MSCs, which may further affect the therapeutic efficiency and mechanisms of action. In this study, we compared the therapeutic effect and mechanism of UCMSCs in S&XFM-CD (UCMSCS&XFM−CD) in experimental colitis with those in SCM (UCMSCSCM). UCMSCS&XFM−CD exhibited better therapeutic effects than UCMSCSCM by body weight, disease activity index, and histological colitis score. UCMSCS&XFM−CD or UCMSCSCM migrated to the inflammation site of injured colon, but exhibited low levels of recruitment and persistence. Systemic depletion of endogenous macrophages impaired the therapeutic effects of UCMSCSCM and UCMSCS&XFM−CD. Furthermore, UCMSCS&XFM−CD more markedly promoted intestinal macrophage polarisation from M1 to M2 phenotype to produce higher levels of IL-10 and lower levels of TNF-α in colon tissue than UCMSCSCM, while a higher level of IL-4 was produced in UCMSCSCM-treated group. UCMSCS&XFM−CD cocultured with RAW264.7 cells in a transwell system promoted the release of TSG-6 and IL-6, whereas UCMSCSCM increased PGE2 levels. Taken together, we demonstrated that UCMSCs in S&XFM-CD exhibited improved therapeutic effects with altered cytokine secretion in an experimental acute colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Interventional Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,Department of Technology, Stem Cell Medicine Engineering & Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia, Huhhot, China
| | - Daocheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongxu Mu
- Interventional Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Department of Blood, The People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, China
| | - Zhijie Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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mRNA-Based Reprogramming Under Xeno-Free and Feeder-Free Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32567019 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2020_302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has provided a gateway for many novel discoveries in the field of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and cell therapy. The need for an efficient, less laborious and fast reprogramming protocol under xeno-free, feeder-free and chemically defined conditions has never been greater. Here we describe a novel approach to reprogramming using the StemRNA 3rd Gen Reprogramming Kit (ReproCELL) which encompasses non-modified microRNAs (NM-miRNA), non-modified E3, K3, B18R RNAs (EKB NM-RNA) and non-modified mRNAs for six crucial transcription factors (OSKMNL NM-RNA).
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4
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Wu X, Ma Z, Wu D. Derivation of clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cells from umbilical cord under chemically defined culture condition - platform for future clinical application. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:377-387. [PMID: 32439307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of animal serum in culture medium brings safety concerns and batch-to-batch variability, and thus may restrict the clinical use of ex vivo expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Clinically compliant MSCs should be developed in adherence to serum-free, xeno-free and chemically defined medium (S&XFM-CD). In this study, we develop a S&XFM-CD by replacing all serum components with synthetic alternatives for the derivation of clinical-grade umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs). The critical aspects including characterization, safety concerns, potency and exogenous factors contamination risk of UCMSCs in S&XFM-CD are compared with serum-containing medium (SCM). UCMSCs in S&XFM-CD retain fibroblastic-like morphology and immunophenotype of MSCs, and exhibit superior clone efficiency, proliferation capacity, and osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential compared with SCM. Moreover, UCMSCs in S&XFM-CD retain similar immunosuppressive potential, and exhibit superior secretion levels of bFGF, PDGF-BB and IGF-1 compared with SCM. In addition, UCMSCs in S&XFM-CD do not undergo transformation, preserve the normal karyotypes and genomic stability, and are less prone to senescence process after long-term in vitro culture, which conforms to the current guidance of international and national evaluation standard. The S&XFM-CD developed here may serve as a GMP-grade production platform of UCMSCs for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Interventional Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China; Department of Technology, Stem Cell Medicine Engineering & Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhijie Ma
- Department of pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Daocheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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5
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Petrenko Y, Vackova I, Kekulova K, Chudickova M, Koci Z, Turnovcova K, Kupcova Skalnikova H, Vodicka P, Kubinova S. A Comparative Analysis of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells derived from Different Sources, with a Focus on Neuroregenerative Potential. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4290. [PMID: 32152403 PMCID: PMC7062771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be considered an accessible therapeutic tool for regenerative medicine. Here, we compared the growth kinetics, immunophenotypic and immunomodulatory properties, gene expression and secretome profile of MSCs derived from human adult bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs) cultured in clinically-relevant conditions, with the focus on the neuroregenerative potential. All the cell types were positive for CD10/CD29/CD44/CD73/CD90/CD105/HLA-ABC and negative for CD14/CD45/CD235a/CD271/HLA-DR/VEGFR2 markers, but they differed in the expression of CD34/CD133/CD146/SSEA-4/MSCA-1/CD271/HLA-DR markers. BM-MSCs displayed the highest immunomodulatory activity compared to AT- and WJ-MSCs. On the other hand, BM-MSCs secreted the lower content and had the lower gene expression of neurotrophic growth factors compared to other cell lines, which may be caused by the higher sensitivity of BM-MSCs to nutrient limitations. Despite the differences in growth factor secretion, the MSC secretome derived from all cell sources had a pronounced neurotrophic potential to stimulate the neurite outgrowth of DRG-neurons and reduce the cell death of neural stem/progenitor cells after H2O2 treatment. Overall, our study provides important information for the transfer of basic MSC research towards clinical-grade manufacturing and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Petrenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Vackova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kekulova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Chudickova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koci
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Turnovcova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburska 89, 277 21, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Kubinova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
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6
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Devito L, Klontzas ME, Cvoro A, Galleu A, Simon M, Hobbs C, Dazzi F, Mantalaris A, Khalaf Y, Ilic D. Comparison of human isogeneic Wharton's jelly MSCs and iPSC-derived MSCs reveals differentiation-dependent metabolic responses to IFNG stimulation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:277. [PMID: 30894508 PMCID: PMC6426992 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variability among donors, non-standardized methods for isolation, and characterization contribute to mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) heterogeneity. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)-derived MSCs would circumvent many of current issues and enable large-scale production of standardized cellular therapy. To explore differences between native MSCs (nMSCs) and iPSC-derived MSCs (iMSCs), we developed isogeneic lines from Wharton’s jelly (WJ) from the umbilical cords of two donors (#12 and #13) under xeno-free conditions. Next, we reprogrammed them into iPSCs (iPSC12 and iPSC13) and subsequently differentiated them back into iMSCs (iMSC12 and iMSC13) using two different protocols, which we named ARG and TEX. We assessed their differentiation capability, transcriptome, immunomodulatory potential, and interferon-γ (IFNG)-induced changes in metabolome. Our data demonstrated that although both differentiation protocols yield iMSCs similar to their parental nMSCs, there are substantial differences. The ARG protocol resulted in iMSCs with a strong immunomodulatory potential and lower plasticity and proliferation rate, whereas the TEX protocol raised iMSCs with a higher proliferation rate, better differentiation potential, though weak immunomodulatory response. Our data suggest that, following a careful selection and screening of donors, nMSCs from umbilical’s cord WJ can be easily reprogrammed into iPSCs, providing an unlimited source of material for differentiation into iMSCs. However, the differentiation protocol should be chosen depending on their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Devito
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Aleksandra Cvoro
- Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Galleu
- Department of Haemato-oncology, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marisa Simon
- Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Histology Laboratory, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- Department of Haemato-oncology, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Engineering Biosciences Building, Rm 3016, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yacoub Khalaf
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dusko Ilic
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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7
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Considerations for high-yield, high-throughput cell enrichment: fluorescence versus magnetic sorting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:227. [PMID: 30659223 PMCID: PMC6338736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient sorting methods are required for the isolation of cellular subpopulations in basic science and translational applications. Despite this, throughputs, yields, viabilities, and processing times of common sorting methods like fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) are underreported. In the current study, we set out to quantify the ability of these sorting methods to separate defined mixtures of alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney (ALPL)-expressing and non-expressing cell types. Results showed that initial MACS runs performed using manufacturer’s recommended antibody and microbead concentrations produced inaccurate ALPL+ vs. ALPL− cell splits compared to FACS when ALPL+ cells were present in larger proportions (>~25%). Accuracy at all proportions could be achieved by using substantially higher concentrations of labeling reagents. Importantly, MACS sorts resulted in only 7–9% cell loss compared to ~70% cell loss for FACS. Additionally, MACS processing was 4–6 times faster than FACS for single, low proportion samples but took similar time for single, high-proportion samples. When processing multiple samples, MACS was always faster overall due to its ability to run samples in parallel. Average cell viability for all groups remained high (>83%), regardless of sorting method. Despite requiring substantial optimization, the ability of MACS to isolate increased cell numbers in less time than FACS may prove valuable in both basic science and translational, cell-based applications.
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8
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Effects of maternal obesity on Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17595. [PMID: 29242640 PMCID: PMC5730612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether maternal metabolic environment affects mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from umbilical cord’s Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) on a molecular level, and potentially render them unsuitable for clinical use in multiple recipients. In this pilot study on umbilical cords post partum from healthy non-obese (BMI = 19–25; n = 7) and obese (BMI ≥ 30; n = 7) donors undergoing elective Cesarean section, we found that WJ MSC from obese donors showed slower population doubling and a stronger immunosuppressive activity. Genome-wide DNA methylation of triple positive (CD73+CD90+CD105+) WJ MSCs found 67 genes with at least one CpG site where the methylation difference was ≥0.2 in four or more obese donors. Only one gene, PNPLA7, demonstrated significant difference on methylome, transcriptome and protein level. Although the number of analysed donors is limited, our data suggest that the altered metabolic environment related to excessive body weight might bear consequences on the WJ MSCs.
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9
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Bobis-Wozowicz S, Kmiotek K, Kania K, Karnas E, Labedz-Maslowska A, Sekula M, Kedracka-Krok S, Kolcz J, Boruczkowski D, Madeja Z, Zuba-Surma EK. Diverse impact of xeno-free conditions on biological and regenerative properties of hUC-MSCs and their extracellular vesicles. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:205-220. [PMID: 27638341 PMCID: PMC5239805 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that intracellular signaling mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by stem cells plays a considerable role in triggering the regenerative program upon transplantation. EVs from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC-EVs) have been shown to enhance tissue repair in animal models. However, translating such results into clinical practice requires optimized EV collection procedures devoid of animal-originating agents. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the influence of xeno-free expansion media on biological properties of UC-MSCs and UC-MSC-EVs for future applications in cardiac repair in humans. Our results show that proliferation, differentiation, phenotype stability, and cytokine secretion by UC-MSCs vary depending on the type of xeno-free media. Importantly, we found distinct molecular and functional properties of xeno-free UC-MSC-EVs including enhanced cardiomyogenic and angiogenic potential impacting on target cells, which may be explained by elevated concentration of several pro-cardiogenic and pro-angiogenic microRNA (miRNAs) present in the EVs. Our data also suggest predominantly low immunogenic capacity of certain xeno-free UC-MSC-EVs reflected by their inhibitory effect on proliferation of immune cells in vitro. Summarizing, conscious selection of cell culture conditions is required to harvest UC-MSC-EVs with the optimal desired properties including enhanced cardiac and angiogenic capacity, suitable for tissue regeneration. KEY MESSAGE Type of xeno-free media influences biological properties of UC-MSCs in vitro. Certain xeno-free media promote proliferation and differentiation ability of UC-MSCs. EVs collected from xeno-free cultures of UC-MSCs are biologically active. Xeno-free UC-MSC-EVs enhance cardiac and angiogenic potential of target cells. Type of xeno-free media determines immunomodulatory effects mediated by UC-MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kmiotek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Kania
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Labedz-Maslowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Kolcz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Polish-American Children's Hospital, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Miere C, Devito L, Ilic D. Sendai Virus-Based Reprogramming of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells from Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1357:33-44. [PMID: 26246353 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2014_163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to bring pluripotent stem cell biology closer to reaching its full potential, many groups have focused on improving reprogramming protocols over the past several years. The episomal modified Sendai virus-based vector has emerged as one of the most practical ones. Here we describe reprogramming of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) derived from umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) using genome non-integrating Sendai virus-based vectors. The detailed protocols of iPSC colony cryopreservation (vitrification) and adaption to feeder-free culture conditions are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Miere
- Stem Cell Laboratories, Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Liani Devito
- Stem Cell Laboratories, Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dusko Ilic
- Stem Cell Laboratories, Assisted Conception Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Kings College London, Strand, London, WC2R2LS, UK
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11
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Multiple Functions of MSCA-1/TNAP in Adult Mesenchymal Progenitor/Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1815982. [PMID: 26839555 PMCID: PMC4709781 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1815982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge about mesenchymal stem cells has considerably grown in the last years. Since the proof of concept of the existence of such cells in the 70s by Friedenstein et al., a growing mass of reports were conducted for a better definition of these cells and for the reevaluation from the term “mesenchymal stem cells” to the term “mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).” Being more than a semantic shift, concepts behind this new terminology reveal the complexity and the heterogeneity of the cells grouped in MSC family especially as these cells are present in nearly all adult tissues. Recently, mesenchymal stromal cell antigen-1 (MSCA-1)/tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) was described as a new cell surface marker of MSCs from different tissues. The alkaline phosphatase activity of this protein could be involved in wide range of MSC features described below from cell differentiation to immunomodulatory properties, as well as occurrence of pathologies. The present review aims to decipher and summarize the role of TNAP in progenitor cells from different tissues focusing preferentially on brain, bone marrow, and adipose tissue.
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