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Solanki MK, Joshi NC, Singh PK, Singh SK, Santoyo G, Basilio de Azevedo LC, Kumar A. From concept to reality: Transforming agriculture through innovative rhizosphere engineering for plant health and productivity. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127553. [PMID: 38007891 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The plant rhizosphere is regarded as a microbial hotspot due to a wide array of root exudates. These root exudates comprise diverse organic compounds such as phenolic, polysaccharides, flavonoids, fatty acids, and amino acids that showed chemotactic responses towards microbial communities and mediate significant roles in root colonization. The rhizospheric microbiome is a crucial driver of plant growth and productivity, contributing directly or indirectly by facilitating nutrient acquisition, phytohormone modulation, and phosphate solubilization under normal and stressful conditions. Moreover, these microbial candidates protect plants from pathogen invasion by secreting antimicrobial and volatile organic compounds. To enhance plant fitness and yield, rhizospheric microbes are frequently employed as microbial inoculants. However, recent developments have shifted towards targeted rhizosphere engineering or microbial recruitments as a practical approach to constructing desired plant rhizospheres for specific outcomes. The rhizosphere, composed of plants, microbes, and soil, can be modified in several ways to improve inoculant efficiency. Rhizosphere engineering is achieved through three essential mechanisms: a) plant-mediated modifications involving genetic engineering, transgenics, and gene editing of plants; b) microbe-mediated modifications involving genetic alterations of microbes through upstream or downstream methodologies; and c) soil amendments. These mechanisms shape the rhizospheric microbiome, making plants more productive and resilient under different stress conditions. This review paper comprehensively summarizes the various aspects of rhizosphere engineering and their potential applications in maintaining plant health and achieving optimum agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Naveen Chandra Joshi
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pachhunga University College Campus, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796001, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
| | - Lucas Carvalho Basilio de Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Glória-Bloco CCG, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, RodoviaBR-050, KM 78, S/N, Uberlândia CEP 38410-337, Brazil
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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