Identification, Speciation and Antibiogram along with Detection of Metallo Beta-lactamase Production in Acinetobacter Isolated from Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Geographical mapping and temporal trends of Acinetobacter baumannii carbapenem resistance: A comprehensive meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is of critical concern in healthcare settings, leading to limited treatment options. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of CRAB by examining temporal, geographic, and bias-related variations.

METHODS

We systematically searched prominent databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Quality assessment was performed using the JBI checklist. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the COVID-19 timeframes, years, countries, continents, and bias levels, antimicrobial susceptivity test method and guidelines.

RESULTS

Our comprehensive meta-analysis, which included 795 studies across 80 countries from 1995 to 2023, revealed a surge in carbapenem resistance among A. baumannii, imipenem (76.1%), meropenem (73.5%), doripenem (73.0%), ertapenem (83.7%), and carbapenems (74.3%). Temporally, 2020-2023 witnessed significant peaks, particularly in carbapenems (81.0%) and meropenem (80.7%), as confirmed by meta-regression, indicating a steady upward trend.

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis revealed an alarmingly high resistance rate to CRAB as a global challenge, emphasizing the urgent need for tailored interventions. Transparency, standardized methodologies, and collaboration are crucial for the accurate assessment and maintenance of carbapenem efficacy.

Clinical and Antimicrobial profile of Acinetobacter Species at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Acinetobacter infection with multidrug resistant strains is an emerging infection of global concern as it leads to serious disease. They are also important pathogens causing hospital acquired infections. Information on the prevalence, spectrum of illness and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Acinetobacter is important for appropriate management of patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of Acinetobacter species and evaluate the clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Acinetobacter species from various clinical samples. From October 2018 to September 2019, various clinical samples received in the microbiology laboratory were studied from the electronic records and the data on the isolation of Acinetobacter from these samples and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern was collected and analysed. The clinical data was also collected to determine the clinical spectrum. The prevalence of Acinetobacter species from various clinical samples was found to be 8.9%. Isolates were more common in general wards than in ICUs. The Acinetobacter infections occurred significantly in male patients (65.7%) than in female patients (34.3%), with male: female ratio of 1.9:1. The most common infection caused by Acinetobacter species was Wound infection (54.36%) followed by Respiratory tract infection (34.27%). Multidrug resistance was seen in 75 % of the isolates. Significant prevalence of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter infections was noted in our study. The findings emphasize the need for strict hospital infection control practices and the restricted use of antibiotics to prevent the occurrence of these infections.