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Muto T, Sakamoto M, Kusuda S, Haruyama Y, Machida S, Imaizumi S, Sekiryu T. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13211. [PMID: 38851824 PMCID: PMC11162482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To determine the disease prevalence rate and clinical characteristics of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease among new patients before and after the declaration of a state of emergency (April 7, 2020) in Japan. New patients and patients with newly diagnosed VKH disease were categorized into "Before" and "After" groups based on the initial visit. The prevalence rate, sex ratio, and age of patients newly diagnosed with VKH were compared between the groups. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and recurrence rates were compared among 59 patients observed for > 12 months after receiving pulse steroid therapy. For reference, we also examined the prevalence rate of patients newly diagnosed with acute angle closure (AAC) in the Before and After groups. The prevalence rates of VKH disease among newly diagnosed patients (P < 0.05) or patients with AAC (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the After group. No significant differences in sex ratio or age of VKH disease were observed in both groups. BCVA and recurrence rates showed no significant differences. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the prevalence of VKH disease among new patients compared with that of AAC. However, the clinical features of VKH disease were unlikely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Muto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, 343-8555, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imaizumi Eye Hospital, 20-9 Domaecho, Koriyama, 963-8877, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kusuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuo Haruyama
- Dokkyo Medical University Center for Research Cooperative and Support, Mibu, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Shigeki Machida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Imaizumi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imaizumi Eye Hospital, 20-9 Domaecho, Koriyama, 963-8877, Japan
| | - Tetsuju Sekiryu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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Stawowski AR, Konopińska J, Stawowski SS, Adamczuk J, Groth M, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Czupryna P. The Review of Ophthalmic Symptoms in COVID-19. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:1417-1432. [PMID: 38803556 PMCID: PMC11129748 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s460224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 had a significant impact on the health of the global human population, affecting almost every human organ, including the organ of vision. Research focus on understanding the pathophysiology, identifying symptoms and complications of the disease. Eye-related pathologies are important foci of research due to the potential for direct impact of the virus. Ophthalmologists around the world are reporting various symptoms of eye infections and ocular pathologies associated with SARS-CoV-2. The review of ophthalmic symptoms was conducted to help physicians of various specialties recognize possible ophthalmic manifestations of this viral disease. A literature review was conducted from January 2020 to July 2023 in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, Scielo and Google Scholar databases. The review of the literature showed that conjunctivitis is the most common ophthalmic symptom observed during the course of COVID-19 and can occur at any stage of the disease. Changes in the eye may result from the direct effect of the virus, immune response, prothrombotic states, comorbidities, and medications used. Symptoms related to the organ of vision can be divided into: changes affecting the protective apparatus of the eye, the anterior eye segment, the posterior eye segment, neuro-ophthalmic, and orbital changes. Ocular symptoms may suggest COVID-19 infection or appear several weeks after recovery. Following COVID-19 vaccinations, a diverse range of ophthalmic symptoms was observed in various locations and at different times, mirroring the ocular symptoms experienced throughout the course of the COVID-19 illness. It is important for physicians of all specialties to be aware of possible potential connections between eye diseases and SARS-CoV-2, in order to effectively diagnose and treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Konopińska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Adamczuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfectious, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Groth
- Department of Allergology and Internal Diseases, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfectious, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Czupryna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfectious, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Hirosawa K, Inomata T, Sung J, Morooka Y, Huang T, Akasaki Y, Okumura Y, Nagino K, Omori K, Nakao S. Unilateral branch retinal artery occlusion in association with COVID-19: a case report. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:777-782. [PMID: 38638251 PMCID: PMC10988083 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.04.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Hirosawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Telemedicine and Mobile Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- AI Incubation Farm, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jaemyoung Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yuki Morooka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tianxiang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Akasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichi Okumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Telemedicine and Mobile Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ken Nagino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Telemedicine and Mobile Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kaho Omori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Ed-Darraz I, Sefrioui M, Taouri N, Boutemzine N, Cherkaoui LO. Bilateral Optic Neuroretinitis: Uncommon Complication of COVID-19. Neuroophthalmology 2024; 48:299-303. [PMID: 38933746 PMCID: PMC11197899 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2024.2304142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At the end of 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. This virus affects many organs, including the eye, and can manifest through various clinical manifestations. Multiple neuro-ophthalmological manifestations have been reported in association with COVID-19, including, Optic Neuritis, cranial nerve palsies, eye movement abnormalities, and visual field defects. In this article, we report a case of bilateral neuroretinitis in association with (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Ed-Darraz
- Ophthalmology Department, Mohammed V University of Rabat; IBN SINA University Hospital Center of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Sefrioui
- Ophthalmology Department, Mohammed V University of Rabat; IBN SINA University Hospital Center of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Narjisse Taouri
- Ophthalmology Department, Mohammed V University of Rabat; IBN SINA University Hospital Center of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nourddine Boutemzine
- Ophthalmology Department, Mohammed V University of Rabat; IBN SINA University Hospital Center of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lalla Ouafa Cherkaoui
- Ophthalmology Department, Mohammed V University of Rabat; IBN SINA University Hospital Center of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Ahmad F, Deshmukh N, Webel A, Johnson S, Suleiman A, Mohan RR, Fraunfelder F, Singh PK. Viral infections and pathogenesis of glaucoma: a comprehensive review. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0005723. [PMID: 37966199 PMCID: PMC10870729 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00057-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, caused by the gradual degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. While glaucoma is primarily considered a genetic and age-related disease, some inflammatory conditions, such as uveitis and viral-induced anterior segment inflammation, cause secondary or uveitic glaucoma. Viruses are predominant ocular pathogens and can impose both acute and chronic pathological insults to the human eye. Many viruses, including herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Ebola virus, and, more recently, Zika virus (ZIKV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been associated with sequela of either primary or secondary glaucoma. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest the association between these viruses and subsequent glaucoma development. Despite this, the ocular manifestation and sequela of viral infections are not well understood. In fact, the association of viruses with glaucoma is considered relatively uncommon in part due to underreporting and/or lack of long-term follow-up studies. In recent years, literature on the pathological spectrum of emerging viral infections, such as ZIKV and SARS-CoV-2, has strengthened this proposition and renewed research activity in this area. Clinical studies from endemic regions as well as laboratory and preclinical investigations demonstrate a strong link between an infectious trigger and development of glaucomatous pathology. In this article, we review the current understanding of the field with a particular focus on viruses and their association with the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nikhil Deshmukh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron Webel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sandra Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ayman Suleiman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Frederick Fraunfelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Abbati G, Fazi C, Fortunato P, Trapani S. Central retinal artery occlusion in a young child affected by COVID-19: a first case report. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:462. [PMID: 37704960 PMCID: PMC10500751 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ophthalmic emergency, and its etiology is generally ascribed to vessel occlusion by a thrombus or embolus, eventually due to a hypercoagulable state. CRAO occurrence is described even in the pediatric population, but its incidence is very rare. SARS-CoV-2 infection has a multitude of presentations, and almost any organ may be involved including the ocular district. Cases of CRAO in patients affected by COVID-19 are reported in the literature in the adult population, but not in the pediatric one. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the case of a six-year-old otherwise healthy girl, who presented a sudden and complete bilateral vision loss after a one-day fever. All the clinical, ophthalmological, laboratory and instrumental investigations led to the diagnosis of a right CRAO and the suspicion of a contralateral posterior optic nerve affection. These manifestations could not be ascribed to any etiological condition apart from the documented ongoing mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Treatment with anticoagulants and steroids was tried but the visual outcome was poor during the one-month hospitalization and at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CRAO in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric age. In our review of the literature, we found few cases of CRAO in adults with COVID-19; we highlighted differences in anamnestic, clinical, and interventional aspects and therefore we tried to summarize the state of the art on this topic to facilitate further studies. Even if rare, the prognosis of CRAO is poor and the thrombolytic treatment could be effective only if rapidly administered, so the disease suspicion should be high in a patient with sudden vision loss, also in pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Abbati
- Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, Santo Stefano Hospital, Prato, Italy.
| | - Camilla Fazi
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pina Fortunato
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Trapani
- Pediatric Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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