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Khan M, Rashid MA, Yousaf MS, Naveed S, Mohsin I, Rehman HU, Loor JJ. Effects of physical forms of a high grain-based diet on fattening performance, ruminal health, feeding behaviour, nutrient digestibility and carcass traits of finishing Lohi lambs. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:77-92. [PMID: 36880568 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2179296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different physical forms of complete diets on performance, feeding behaviour, digestibility, ruminal health, blood and carcass indices in fattening lambs. A randomised complete block design was used to assign thirty male Lohi lambs (300 ± 15 d old) with an initial body weight of 33 ± 1.4 kg in ten replications to one of three physical forms of the diet. For different treatments, the dietary ingredients were ground and mixed as (I) ground conventional mash (CM), (II) whole corn grains were mixed with the remaining pelleted ingredients as a texturised diet (TX), and (III) whole corn grains and the remaining ingredients were mixed as an unprocessed diet (UP). During the 60-d growth trial and 7-d digestibility experiment, individually housed lambs were fed ad libitum. Feeding diet UP improved (p < 0.05) dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed-to-gain ratio of fattening lambs. The ruminal pH tended to be lower in group TX compared with the other groups. The incidence of loose faeces consistency was 3.5 times higher (p < 0.05) in group TX compared to group UP. The daily intakes of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), the rumination time and chewing activities were highest (p < 0.05) for lambs fed on the UP diet. The digestibility of DM, NDF and ether extract were greater (p < 0.05) for diet UP as compared to diet TX. The chilled and hot carcass weights were highest (p < 0.05) for group UP. The papillae density tended to be greater for group UP. However, blood metabolites, intestinal morphology, carcass marbling, tenderness, meat pH, cooking loss, and meat composition were similar across the treatments. It can be concluded that the unprocessed diet based on whole corn grain and soybean hulls improved growth performance, feeding behaviour and carcass yield through better nutrient utilisation and a stable ruminal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Muhammad Afzal Rashid
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Saima Naveed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Mohsin
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ur Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Huo Q, Sun X, Wu T, Li Z, Jonker A, You P, Li R, Li J, Tian W, Li C, Wang C, He Y, Rugoho I, Cheng L, You M. Supplementation of graded levels of rumen-protected choline to a pelleted total mixed ration did not improve the growth and slaughter performance of fattening lambs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1034895. [PMID: 36504853 PMCID: PMC9726755 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1034895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient in ruminant diets, which contributes to the fundamental biological functions of the animal. However, choline is easily degraded in the rumen before it can be absorbed. Rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplementation might support the fast growth of ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing graded levels of RPC in a pelleted total mixed ration for fattening lambs. Sixty three-month-old male Small Tail Han and northeast fine wool sheep hybrid lambs with a liveweight of 15.3 ± 1.8 kg (mean ± SD) were fed designated diets and randomly assigned into five treatment groups (n = 12 per group). The five treatments were the rate of RPC supplementation at 0, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, and 5.00 g (equivalent to 0, 0.31, 0.63, 0.94, and 1.25 g of choline chloride, respectively)/kg basal diet and the RPC-supplemented feed was offered for 112 days after 12 days of adaptation. Average daily gain, dry matter intake, and nutrient digestibility were similar across treatments. The rumen pH was quadratically significant among treatments, with the lowest and highest pH observed from the 2.5 and 5 g/kg RPC supplement groups, respectively (P = 0.02). After feeding, the ruminal ammonia concentrations among treatments were different (P < 0.05), with the highest value observed from the 5 g/kg RPC supplement group. Microbial crude protein level was different, with the highest value recorded from the 0 g/kg RPC supplement group (P = 0.028). A linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed from short-chain fatty acid values among treatments before and after feeding. Serum albumin (P = 0.003) and albumin/globulin ratio (P = 0.002) had a quadratic effect, with the highest value found in the 0 g/kg RPC supplement group. Abdominal fat was higher in RPC-supplemented groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Drip loss was 65% higher in RPC-supplemented groups compared to the control group (P = 0.012). Overall, the study results showed an effect of RPC on ruminal parameters, but the supplementation of low-level RPC did not improve the growth and slaughter performance of fattening lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huo
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China,AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Center, Palmerston North, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Xuezhao Sun
| | - Tingting Wu
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VA, Australia
| | - Arjan Jonker
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Center, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Peihua You
- Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China,Portal Agri-Industries Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongquan Li
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
| | - Jianping Li
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
| | - Wannian Tian
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhua He
- The Innovation Center of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Center for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
| | | | - Long Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VA, Australia
| | - Meng You
- Portal Agri-Industries Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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