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Herzog M, Fukao T, Winkel A, Konnerup D, Lamichhane S, Alpuerto JB, Hasler-Sheetal H, Pedersen O. Physiology, gene expression, and metabolome of two wheat cultivars with contrasting submergence tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1632-1644. [PMID: 29664146 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to complete submergence are not well understood as research has focused on waterlogging (soil flooding). The aim of this study was to characterize the responses of 2 wheat cultivars differing vastly in submergence tolerance to test if submergence tolerance was linked to shoot carbohydrate consumption as seen in rice. Eighteen-day-old wheat cultivars Frument (intolerant) and Jackson (tolerant) grown in soil were completely submerged for up to 19 days while assessing responses in physiology, gene expression, and shoot metabolome. Results revealed 50% mortality after 9.3 and 15.9 days of submergence in intolerant Frument and tolerant Jackson, respectively, and significantly higher growth in Jackson during recovery. Frument displayed faster leaf degradation as evident from leaf tissue porosity, chlorophylla , and metabolomic fingerprinting. Surprisingly, shoot soluble carbohydrates, starch, and individual sugars declined to similarly low levels in both cultivars by day 5, showing that cultivar Jackson tolerated longer periods of low shoot carbohydrate levels than Frument. Moreover, intolerant Frument showed higher levels of phytol and the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde relative to tolerant Jackson. Consequently, we propose to further investigate the role of ethylene sensitivity and deprivation of reactive O2 species in submerged wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Herzog
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Takeshi Fukao
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1880 Pratt Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Anders Winkel
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Dennis Konnerup
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Suman Lamichhane
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1880 Pratt Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Jasper Benedict Alpuerto
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1880 Pratt Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Harald Hasler-Sheetal
- Nordcee, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230, Denmark
- VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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Wu J, Guo Y. An integrated method for quantifying root architecture of field-grown maize. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:841-51. [PMID: 24532646 PMCID: PMC4156117 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A number of techniques have recently been developed for studying the root system architecture (RSA) of seedlings grown in various media. In contrast, methods for sampling and analysis of the RSA of field-grown plants, particularly for details of the lateral root components, are generally inadequate. METHODS An integrated methodology was developed that includes a custom-made root-core sampling system for extracting intact root systems of individual maize plants, a combination of proprietary software and a novel program used for collecting individual RSA information, and software for visualizing the measured individual nodal root architecture. KEY RESULTS Example experiments show that large root cores can be sampled, and topological and geometrical structure of field-grown maize root systems can be quantified and reconstructed using this method. Second- and higher order laterals are found to contribute substantially to total root number and length. The length of laterals of distinct orders varies significantly. Abundant higher order laterals can arise from a single first-order lateral, and they concentrate in the proximal axile branching zone. CONCLUSIONS The new method allows more meaningful sampling than conventional methods because of its easily opened, wide corer and sampling machinery, and effective analysis of RSA using the software. This provides a novel technique for quantifying RSA of field-grown maize and also provides a unique evaluation of the contribution of lateral roots. The method also offers valuable potential for parameterization of root architectural models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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