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Spatial Segregation between Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes), European Wildcats (Felis silvestris) and Domestic Cats (Felis catus) in Pastures in a Livestock Area of Northern Spain. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12070268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Red foxes, European wildcats and domestic cats share cattle pastures for hunting in La Pernía Valley, northern Spain. To understand the mechanisms that allow the coexistence of these mesopredators in a habitat characterized by its anthropogenic modifications, we recorded sightings of these species in pastures in the summers of 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. We tested if the species preferred specific areas of pastures and if they exhibited any spatial segregation in the use of pastures. Red foxes did not show consistent preferences for any area of the pastures. European wildcats preferred pasture areas closer to streams and forest edges, whereas domestic cats preferred areas closer to buildings and paved roads whilst avoiding forest edges. All species pairs showed strong spatial segregation with less than 7% overlap. We hypothesize that spatial segregation is the mechanism used by European wildcats and domestic cats to avoid dangerous interactions with other predators and which characterizes their preference of specific areas on pastures, using areas near places that may protect them from other predators. Ultimately, the influence of fox presence (and probably that of other larger potential predators) on the use of pastures by European wildcats and domestic cats is decreasing the number of interactions between them and may help to prevent hybridization in this area.
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Hua Y, Vitekere K, Wang J, Zhu M, Zaman M, Jiang G. Coexistence of Sympatric Carnivores in a Relatively Homogenous Landscape and the Effects of Environmental Factors on Site Occupation. ANN ZOOL FENN 2020. [DOI: 10.5735/086.057.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hua
- College of Wildlife and Natural Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, CN-150040 Harbin, China
| | - Kasereka Vitekere
- College of Wildlife and Natural Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, CN-150040 Harbin, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Wildlife and Natural Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, CN-150040 Harbin, China
| | - Mengyan Zhu
- College of Wildlife and Natural Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, CN-150040 Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- College of Wildlife and Natural Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, CN-150040 Harbin, China
| | - Guangshun Jiang
- College of Wildlife and Natural Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, CN-150040 Harbin, China
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Interspecific interactions between acanthocephalan species in the intestine of stone loach and minnow. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e75. [PMID: 31434582 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific interactions between parasites sharing the same host are often antagonistic; the presence of one species decreases the number of individuals or negatively affects both the distribution and reproduction of the other species. Antagonistic interactions between co-infecting parasites may translate into direct competition or interactive segregation, but elements of both may be present. Potential interactions between two acanthocephalan species, Pomphorhynchus laevis and Acanthocephalus anguillae, were studied in the field in two of their natural fish definitive hosts. There was no evidence for competitive exclusion between P. laevis and A. anguillae. However, a negative interaction was found for the first time in the field between these two species. Based on the analysis of parasite abundance and total biomass using a static regression approach, I found that the abundance and total biomass of parasite was also limited by host characteristics. These results are consistent with previous laboratory studies on competition between P. laevis and A. anguillae.
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Interspecific interactions between Acanthocephalan species in the intestine of stone loach and minnow. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e49. [PMID: 30973123 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific interactions between parasites sharing the same host are often antagonistic; the presence of one species decreases the number of individuals or negatively affects both the distribution and reproduction of the other species. Antagonistic interactions between co-infecting parasites may translate into direct competition or interactive segregation, but elements of both may be present. Potential interactions between two acanthocephalan species, Pomphorhynchus laevis and Acanthocephalus anguillae, were studied in the field in two of their natural fish definitive hosts. There was no evidence for competitive exclusion between P. laevis and A. anguillae. However, a negative interaction was found for the first time in the field between these two species. Based on the analysis of parasite abundance and total biomass using a static regression approach, I found that the abundance and total biomass of parasites was also limited by host characteristics. These results are consistent with previous laboratory studies on competition between P. laevis and A. anguillae.
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Soto C, Palomares F. Coexistence of sympatric carnivores in relatively homogeneous Mediterranean landscapes: functional importance of habitat segregation at the fine-scale level. Oecologia 2015; 179:223-35. [PMID: 25933639 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the main objectives of community ecology is to understand the conditions allowing species to coexist. However, few studies have investigated the role of fine-scale habitat use segregation in the functioning of guild communities in relatively homogeneous landscapes where opportunities for coexistence are likely to be the most restrictive. We investigate how the process of habitat use differentiation at the home range level according to the degree of specialism/generalism of species can lead to coexistence between guild species. We examine differences in fine-scale habitat use and niche separation as potential mechanisms explaining the coexistence of five sympatric carnivore species that differ in life history traits (Iberian lynx, Eurasian badger, Egyptian mongoose, common genet and red fox) by collecting data from systematic track censuses in a relatively homogeneous Mediterranean landscape. We found that a higher degree of specialism determines the segregation of species among the fine-scale ecological niche dimensions defined using quantitative elements associated with vegetation, landscape, prey availability and human disturbance. The species with the lowest total performance over the set of variables did not exhibit segregation in the use of habitat at this level. Our study indicates that in relatively homogeneous landscapes, there exist subtle patterns of habitat partitioning over small-scale gradients of habitat determinants as a function of the degree of specialism of carnivore species within a guild. Our results also suggest that coexistence between generalist species may be permitted by fine-scale spatial-temporal segregation of activity patterns or trophic resource consumption, but not fine-scale habitat use differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soto
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, C/Américo Vespucio, s/n, 41092, Isla de la Cartuja, Seville, Spain,
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Razgour O, Korine C, Saltz D. Does interspecific competition drive patterns of habitat use in desert bat communities? Oecologia 2011; 167:493-502. [PMID: 21519884 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-1995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bodies of water are a key foraging habitat for insectivorous bats. Since water is a scarce and limiting resource in arid environments, bodies of open water may have a structuring effect on desert bat communities, resulting in temporal or spatial partitioning of bat activity. Using acoustic monitoring, we studied the spatial and temporal activity patterns of insectivorous bats over desert ponds, and hypothesised that sympatric bat species partition the foraging space above ponds based on interspecific competitive interactions. We used indirect measures of competition (niche overlap and competition coefficients from the regression method) and tested for differences in pond habitat selection and peak activity time over ponds. We examined the effect of changes in the activity of bat species on their potential competitors. We found that interspecific competition affects bat community structure and activity patterns. Competing species partitioned their use of ponds spatially, whereby each species was associated with different pond size and hydroperiod (the number of months a pond holds water) categories, as well as temporally, whereby their activity peaked at different hours of the night. The drying out of temporary ponds increased temporal partitioning over permanent ponds. Differences in the activity of species over ponds in response to the presence or absence of their competitors lend further support to the role of interspecific competition in structuring desert bat communities. We suggest that habitat use and night activity pattern of insectivorous bats in arid environments reflect the trade-offs between selection of preferred pond type or activity time and constraints posed by competitive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Razgour
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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MOURA MAÍRAC, VIEIRA MARCUSV, CERQUEIRA RUI. Occasional intraguild predation structuring small mammal assemblages: the marsupialDidelphis auritain the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. AUSTRAL ECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.01948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ritchie EG, Martin JK, Johnson CN, Fox BJ. Separating the influences of environment and species interactions on patterns of distribution and abundance: competition between large herbivores. J Anim Ecol 2009; 78:724-31. [PMID: 19175695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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MORITA KENTARO, TSUBOI JUNICHI, MATSUDA HIROYUKI. The impact of exotic trout on native charr in a Japanese stream. J Appl Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Eccard JA, Ylönen H. Interspecific competition in small rodents: from populations to individuals. Evol Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1027305410005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shenbrot G, Krasnov B. Can interaction coefficients be determined from census data? Testing two estimation methods with Negev Desert rodents. OIKOS 2002. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ben‐Moshe A, Dayan T, Simberloff D. Convergence in Morphological Patterns and Community Organization between Old and New World Rodent Guilds. Am Nat 2001; 158:484-95. [DOI: 10.1086/323115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Schulte-Hostedde AI, Brooks RJ. An experimental test of habitat selection by rodents of Algonquin Park. CAN J ZOOL 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/z97-831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using an enclosure experiment, we tested whether substrate selection by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), redback voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), and woodland jumping mice (Napaeozapus insignis) matched habitat-use patterns determined from trapping data. Mice were introduced into a 5 m diameter enclosure containing substrates from three habitats: maple, mixed, and coniferous forest. Trapping data were taken from a long-term monitoring study of small-mammal populations in Algonquin Park, Ontario. We used data from 1991 – 1995 from the three habitats used in the enclosure experiment. If competition or predation affects habitat distribution patterns, then, given a choice, mice should select different substrates in the enclosures from those they use in the field. Alternatively, if habitat use is not constrained by interactions with competitors or predators (i.e., if small mammals select habitats), then habitats used in the enclosure should match habitat distributions observed in the field. Habitats used in the field did not match habitats selected in the enclosure experiment for either deer mice or woodland jumping mice. Redback voles selected habitats similar to those used in the field. We conclude that interspecific competition and (or) predation may limit availability of habitats for deer mice and woodland jumping mice.
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Environmental Pseudointeraction: The Effects of Ignoring the Scale of Environmental Heterogeneity in Competition Studies. Theor Popul Biol 1997. [DOI: 10.1006/tpbi.1997.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abramsky Z, Strauss E, Subach A, Riechman A, Kotler BP. The effect of barn owls (Tyto alba) on the activity and microhabitat selection of Gerbillus allenbyi and G. pyramidum. Oecologia 1996; 105:313-319. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00328733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/1995] [Accepted: 09/20/1995] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ekschmitt K, Breckling B. Competition and coexistence: the contribution of modelling to the formation of ecological concepts. Ecol Modell 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3800(94)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Can interaction coefficients be determined from cencus data? Oecologia 1985; 66:194-198. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00379854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/1984] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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