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Fraser D, Caton J, Benoit DSW. Periodontal Wound Healing and Regeneration: Insights for Engineering New Therapeutic Approaches. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.815810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a widespread inflammatory disease that leads to loss of the tooth supporting periodontal tissues. The few therapies available to regenerate periodontal tissues have high costs and inherent limitations, inspiring the development of new approaches. Studies have shown that periodontal tissues have an inherent capacity for regeneration, driven by multipotent cells residing in the periodontal ligament (PDL). The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of the mechanisms driving periodontal wound healing and regeneration that can inform the development of new treatment approaches. The biologic basis underlying established therapies such as guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and growth factor delivery are reviewed, along with examples of biomaterials that have been engineered to improve the effectiveness of these approaches. Emerging therapies such as those targeting Wnt signaling, periodontal cell delivery or recruitment, and tissue engineered scaffolds are described in the context of periodontal wound healing, using key in vivo studies to illustrate the impact these approaches can have on the formation of new cementum, alveolar bone, and PDL. Finally, design principles for engineering new therapies are suggested which build on current knowledge of periodontal wound healing and regeneration.
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Guo Y, Guo W, Chen J, Tian Y, Chen G, Tian W, Bai D. Comparative study on differentiation of cervical-loop cells and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells under the induction of dental follicle cells in rat. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6546. [PMID: 29695816 PMCID: PMC5916884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical loop cells (CLC) and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells are believed to play critical roles in distinct developmental patterns between rodent incisors and molars, respectively. However, the differences in differentiation between CLC and HERS cells, and their response to inductions from dental follicle cells, remain largely unknown. In present study, CLC and HERS cells, as well as incisor dental follicle (IF) cells and molar dental follicle (MF) cells were isolated from post-natal 7-day rats. IF and MF cell derived conditioned medium (CM) was obtained for induction of CLC and HERS cells. In vitro experiments, we found that, under the induction of dental follicle cell derived CM, CLC cells maintained the epithelial polygonal-shapes and formed massive minerals, while part of HERS cells underwent shape transformation and generated granular minerals. CLC cells expressed higher enamel-forming and mineralization related genes, while HERS cells showed opposite expression patterns of BMP2, BMP4, AMBN and AMGN. In vivo, CLC cells generated enamel-like tissues while HERS cells formed cementum-periodontal ligament-like structures. Taken together, CLC and HERS cells present distinct differentiation patterns under the inductions from dental follicle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China. .,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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Seifi M, Lotfi A, Badiee MR, Abdolazimi Z, Amdjadi P, Bargrizan M. The Effect of An Angiogenic Cytokine on Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:271-80. [PMID: 27551674 PMCID: PMC4992183 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is an undesirable sequel of tooth movement after sterile necrosis that takes place in periodontal ligament due to blockage of blood vessels following exertion of orthodontic force. This study
sought to assess the effect of an angiogenic cytokine on OIIRR in rat model. Materials and Methods In this experimental animal study, 50 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 each: E10, E100 and E1000 receiving an injection of 10, 100
and 1000 ng of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), respectively, positive control group
(CP) receiving an orthodontic appliance and injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS)
and the negative control group (CN) receiving only the anesthetic agent. A nickel titanium
coil spring was placed between the first molar and the incisor on the right side of maxilla.
Twenty-one days later, the rats were sacrificed. Histopathological sections were made to
assess the number and area of resorption lacunae, number of blood vessels, osteoclasts
and Howship’s lacunae. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) test. Results Number of resorption lacunae and area of resorption lacunae in E1000 (0.97 ± 0.80 and 1. 27 ± 0.01×10-3, respectively) were significantly lower than in CP (4.17 ± 0.90
and 2.77 ± 0.01×10-3, respectively, P=0.000). Number of blood vessels, osteoclasts and
Howship’s lacunae were significantly higher in E1000 compared to CP (P<0.05). Conclusion Tooth movement as the outcome of bone remodeling is concomitant with
the formation of sterile necrosis in the periodontal ligament following blocked blood supply. Thus, bFGF can significantly decrease the risk of root resorption by providing more
oxygen and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Seifi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Lotfi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Badiee
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdolazimi
- Department of Pedodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amdjadi
- Department of Dental Materials, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Bargrizan
- Department of Pedodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen J, Chen G, Yan Z, Guo Y, Yu M, Feng L, Jiang Z, Guo W, Tian W. TGF-β1 and FGF2 stimulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HERS cells through a MEK-dependent mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1647-59. [PMID: 24610459 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells participate in cementum formation through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Previous studies have shown that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) are involved in inducing EMT. However, their involvement in HERS cell transition remains elusive. In this study, we confirmed that HERS cells underwent EMT during the formation of acellular cementum. We found that both TGF-β1 and FGF2 stimulated the EMT of HERS cells. The TGF-β1 regulated the differentiation of HERS cells into periodontal ligament fibroblast-like cells, and FGF2 directed the differentiation of HERS cells into cementoblast-like cells. Treatment with TGF-β1 or FGF2 inhibitor could effectively suppress HERS cells differential transition. Combined stimulation with both TGF-β1 and FGF-2 did not synergistically accelerate the EMT of HERS. Moreover, TGF-β1/FGF2-mediated EMT of HERS cells was reversed by the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. These results suggest that TGF-β1 and FGF2 induce the EMT of HERS through a MAPK/ERK-dependent signaling pathway. They also exert their different tendency of cellular differentiation during tooth root formation. This study further expands our knowledge of tooth root morphogenesis and provides more evidence for the use of alternative cell sources in clinical treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
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Seifi M, Badiee MR, Abdolazimi Z, Amdjadi P. Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. CELL JOURNAL 2013; 15:230-7. [PMID: 24027664 PMCID: PMC3769605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a cytokine involved in angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and stimulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The present study assesses the effects of a local injection of bFGF on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS : In this laboratory animal study, we randomly divided 50 rats into 5 groups of 10 rats each. Rats received 0.02 cc injections of the following doses of bFGF: group A (10 ng), group B (100 ng) and group C (1000 ng). Group D (positive control) received an orthodontic force and injection of 0.02 cc phosphate buffered saline whereas group E (negative control) received only the anesthetic drug. A nickel titanium spring was bonded to the right maxillary first molar and incisor. After 21 days, the rats were sacrificed and the distance between the first and second right molars was measured by a leaf gauge with 0.05 mm accuracy. ANOVA and Tukey's HSD statistical tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS The greatest mean value of orthodontic tooth movement was 0.7700 mm observed in group C followed by 0.6633 mm in group B, 0.5333 mm in group A, 0.2550 mm in group D and 0.0217 mm in group E. There was a significantly higher rate of tooth movement in the test groups compared to the control groups (p<0.05). Among the test groups, the rate of tooth movement in group C was significantly higher than group A (p<0.05). Weight changes after the intervention were not significant when compared to the baseline values, with the exception of group E (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The effect of bFGF on the rate of tooth movement was dose-dependent. Injection of 1000 ng bFGF in rats showed the most efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Seifi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Badiee
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
* Corresponding Address: Dentofacial Deformities Research CenterDental SchoolShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zahra Abdolazimi
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amdjadi
- Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Psychological stress delays periodontitis healing in rats: the involvement of basic fibroblast growth factor. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:732902. [PMID: 23326020 PMCID: PMC3544372 DOI: 10.1155/2012/732902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the effects of psychological stress on periodontitis healing in rats and the contribution of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression to the healing process. Methods. Ninety-six rats were randomly distributed into control group, periodontitis group, and periodontitis plus stress group. Then, the rats were sacrificed at baseline and week(s) 1, 2, and 4. The periodontitis healing condition was assessed, and the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and bFGF were tested by immunohistochemistry. Results. The stressed rats showed reduced body weight gain, behavioral changes, and increased serum corticosterone and ACTH levels (P < 0.05). The surface of inflammatory infiltrate, alveolar bone loss, attachment loss, and expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the stress group were higher than those in the periodontitis group at weeks 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Rats with experimental periodontitis showed decreased bFGF expression (P < 0.05), and the recovery of bFGF expression in the stress group was slower than that in the periodontitis group (P < 0.05). Negative correlations between inflammatory cytokines and bFGF were detected. Conclusion. Psychological stress could delay periodontitis healing in rats, which may be partly mediated by downregulation of the expression of bFGF in the periodontal ligament.
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