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Song Q, Jiang F, Zhou M, Li T, Zhang S, Liu L, Pu L, Lai W, Long H. Optimal sites and angles for the insertion of orthodontic mini-implants at infrazygomatic crest: a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based study. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8893-8902. [PMID: 36628253 PMCID: PMC9827336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Both cortical and overall bone thicknesses of the infrazygomatic crest (IZC) were measured to determine the optimal areas for mini-implants into the IZC. The impact of insertion sites, heights and angles, sex and age on bone thickness were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 32 patients were included. The cortical bone thickness (CBT) and overall bone thicknesses (OBT) of IZC were measured at different insertion sites between the maxillary first and second molars (site 61, 62, 63, 67, 71, 72 and 73), different heights (0 to 12 mm from alveolar bone crest) and different angles (0 to 90 degrees from the reference line). RESULTS OBT was the thickest at site 63, followed by site 73. For each site, the insertion height where OBT was the thickest decreased with the increase of angle CBT and OBT were significantly influenced by sex and age. The percentage of root contact was significantly influenced by insertion heights and angles, not by sites. The recommended regions in the IZC for mini-implants were mapped. CONCLUSIONS Both CBT and OBT in the infrazygomatic crest were influenced by insertion sites, heights, and angles. Sex and age had an impact on CBT and OBT. The optimal insertion heights and angles were 12 mm to 18 mm from the occlusal plane, and 40 to 70 degrees for mini-implants at IZC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Maolin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianle Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental HospitalHKSAR, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingling Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Zhou J, Zhou H, Pu L, Gao Y, Tang Z, Yang Y, You M, Yang Z, Lai W, Long H. Development of an Artificial Intelligence System for the Automatic Evaluation of Cervical Vertebral Maturation Status. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122200. [PMID: 34943436 PMCID: PMC8700528 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) is widely used to evaluate growth potential in the field of orthodontics. This study is aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system to automatically determine the CVM status and evaluate the AI performance. Methods: A total of 1080 cephalometric radiographs, with the age of patients ranging from 6 to 22 years old, were included in the dataset (980 in training dataset and 100 in testing dataset). Two reference points and thirteen anatomical points were labelled and the cervical vertebral maturation staging (CS) was assessed by human examiners as gold standard. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was built to train on 980 images and to test on 100 images. Statistical analysis was conducted to detect labelling differences between AI and human examiners, AI performance was also evaluated. Results: The mean labelling error between human examiners was 0.48 ± 0.12 mm. The mean labelling error between AI and human examiners was 0.36 ± 0.09 mm. In general, the agreement between AI results and the gold standard was good, with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value being up to 98%. Moreover, the accuracy of CVM staging was 71%. In terms of F1 score, CS6 stage (85%) ranked the highest accuracy. Conclusions: In this study, AI showed a good agreement with human examiners, being a useful and reliable tool in assessing the cervical vertebral maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Lingling Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Ziwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Meng You
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Radiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Zheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Pupulim DC, Henriques JFC, Freitas KMS, Fontes FPH, Fernandes TMF. Class ii treatment effects with fixed functional appliances: jasper jumper vs. forsus fatigue resistant device. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 25:134-141. [PMID: 34219381 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare cephalometric changes of Class II malocclusion patients treated with Jasper Jumper and Forsus, associated with fixed appliances. METHODS The sample consisted of 62 individuals divided into 3 groups: group 1 included 22 subjects with a mean initial age of 12.39 years, treated with Jasper Jumper associated with fixed appliances for a mean period of 2.43 years; group 2 included 19 subjects with a mean initial age of 12.43 years, treated with Forsus associated with fixed appliances for a mean period of 3.54 years; and group 3 included 22 Class II malocclusion untreated subjects at a mean age of 12.14 years, followed for a mean period of 1.78 years. Intergroup comparison was performed with one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test. RESULTS Both treated groups had similar dentoskeletal changes: restrictive effect on the maxilla; clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane; mild increase in lower anterior facial height; limitation on the vertical development of the maxillary molars; labial tipping and intrusion of the mandibular incisors; extrusion of mandibular molars; improvements of the maxillomandibular relationship, overjet, overbite, molar relationship; and retrusion of the upper lip. The mandibular incisors exhibited greater protrusion in group 1 compared to the other groups. In addition, group 2 presented mild protrusion of the lower lip, and groups 1 and 3 showed mild retrusion. CONCLUSION The Jasper Jumper and Forsus appliances were effective and showed similar changes in the treatment of Class II malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Pupulim
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J F C Henriques
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K M S Freitas
- Department of Orthodontics, Ingá University Center Uningá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - F P H Fontes
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M F Fernandes
- Department of Orthodontics, University of North Parana (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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