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Pascoal S, Oliveira S, Monteiro F, Padrão J, Costa R, Zille A, Catarino SO, Silva FS, Pinho T, Carvalho Ó. Influence of Ultrasound Stimulation on the Viability, Proliferation and Protein Expression of Osteoblasts and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Biomedicines 2024; 12:361. [PMID: 38397963 PMCID: PMC10886604 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the adjunctive procedures to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), ultrasound (US) is a nonsurgical form of mechanical stimulus that has been explored as an alternative to the currently available treatments. This study aimed to clarify the role of US in OTM by exploring different stimulation parameters and their effects on the biological responses of cells involved in OTM. Human fetal osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts cell lines were stimulated with US at 1.0 and 1.5 MHz central frequencies and power densities of 30 and 60 mW/cm2 in continuous mode for 5 and 10 min. Cellular proliferation, metabolic activity and protein expression were analyzed. The US parameters that significantly improved the metabolic activity were 1.0 MHz at 30 mW/cm2 for 5 min and 1.0 MHz at 60 mW/cm2 for 5 and 10 min for osteoblasts; and 1.0 MHz at 30 mW/cm2 for 5 min and 1.5 MHz at 60 mW/cm2 for 5 and 10 min for fibroblasts. By stimulating with these parameters, the expression of alkaline phosphatase was maintained, while osteoprotegerin synthesis was induced after three days of US stimulation. The US stimulation improved the biological activity of both osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, inducing their osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Pascoal
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (S.P.)
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
| | - Sofia Oliveira
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
| | - Francisca Monteiro
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Padrão
- Center for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Rita Costa
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (S.P.)
| | - Andrea Zille
- Center for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Susana O. Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinho
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (S.P.)
- IBMC—Instituto Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S—Inst. Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Zhou X, Sun S, Chen Y, Liu C, Li D, Cheng Q, He M, Li Y, Xu K, Ta D. Pulsed frequency modulated ultrasound promotes therapeutic effects of osteoporosis induced by ovarian failure in mice. ULTRASONICS 2023; 132:106973. [PMID: 36893552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been proved to be an effective technique for the treatment of osteoporosis. To better activate the bone formation-related markers, promote the different stages of osteogenesis, and further enhance the therapeutic effects of ultrasound, this study employed pulsed frequency modulated ultrasound (pFMUS) to treat mice with osteoporosis, which was caused by ovarian failure due to 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide (VCD) injection. Healthy 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: Sham (S), VCD-control (V), VCD + LIPUS (VU), and VCD + pFMUS (VFU). VU and VFU groups were treated by LIPUS and pFMUS, respectively. Serum analysis, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), mechanical testing and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of ultrasound. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to explore the mechanism of ultrasound on osteoporosis. Results showed that pFMUS might have better therapeutic effects than traditional LIPUS in terms of bone microstructure and bone strength. In addition, pFMUS could promote bone formation by activating phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway, and slow down bone resorption by increasing osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (OPG/RANKL) ratio. This study is of positive prognostic significance when understanding the mechanism of ultrasound regulation on osteoporosis and establishing novel treatment plan of osteoporosis by multi-frequency ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuefu Chen
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qun Cheng
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Min He
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Kailiang Xu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Dean Ta
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Zhang T, Zhao Z, Wang T. Pulsed electromagnetic fields as a promising therapy for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1103515. [PMID: 36937753 PMCID: PMC10020513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1103515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is considered the third type of osteoporosis and is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. Long-term usage of glucocorticoids (GCs) causes worsened bone quality and low bone mass via their effects on bone cells. Currently, there are various clinical pharmacological treatments to regulate bone mass and skeletal health. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are applied to treat patients suffering from delayed fracture healing and non-unions. PEMFs may be considered a potential and side-effect-free therapy for GIOP. PEMFs inhibit osteoclastogenesis, stimulate osteoblastogenesis, and affect the activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteocytes and blood vessels, ultimately leading to the retention of bone mass and strength. However, the underlying signaling pathways via which PEMFs influence GIOP remain unclear. This review attempts to summarize the underlying cellular mechanisms of GIOP. Furthermore, recent advances showing that PEMFs affect bone cells are discussed. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using PEMFs as therapy for GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Zhang
- Innovation Center for Wound Repair, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhao
- Innovation Center for Wound Repair, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Tiantian Wang,
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Evaluation of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Highlights of Two Decades of Research In Vitro Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6647497. [PMID: 34368353 PMCID: PMC8342182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6647497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is a type of physical stimulation that affects biological systems by producing interfering or coherent fields. Given that cell types are significantly distinct, which represents an important factor in stimulation, and that PEMFs can have different effects in terms of frequency and intensity, time of exposure, and waveform. This study is aimed at investigating if distinct positive and negative responses would correspond to specific characteristics of cells, frequency and flux density, time of exposure, and waveform. Necessary data were abstracted from the experimental observations of cell-based in vitro models. The observations were obtained from 92 publications between the years 1999 and 2019, which are available on PubMed and Web of Science databases. From each of the included studies, type of cells, pulse frequency of exposure, exposure flux density, and assayed cell responses were extracted. According to the obtained data, most of the experiments were carried out on human cells, and out of 2421 human cell experiments, cell changes were observed only in 51.05% of the data. In addition, the results pointed out the potential effects of PEMFs on some human cell types such as MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells (p value < 0.001) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. However, human osteogenic sarcoma SaOS-2 (p < 0.001) and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) showed less sensitivity to PEMFs. Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that frequencies higher than 100 Hz, flux densities between 1 and 10 mT, and chronic exposure more than 10 days would be more effective in establishing a cellular response. This study successfully reported useful information about the role of cell type and signal characteristic parameters, which were of high importance for targeted therapies using PEMFs. Our findings would provide a deeper understanding about the effect of PEMFs in vitro, which could be useful as a reference for many in vivo experiments or preclinical trials.
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Response of Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells to kilohertz-resonance excitation in porous metallic scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 106:103726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ehnert S, Schröter S, Aspera-Werz RH, Eisler W, Falldorf K, Ronniger M, Nussler AK. Translational Insights into Extremely Low Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-PEMFs) for Bone Regeneration after Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122028. [PMID: 31756999 PMCID: PMC6947624 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding that alterations in electrical potential play an important role in the mechanical stimulation of the bone provoked hype that noninvasive extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMF) can be used to support healing of bone and osteochondral defects. This resulted in the development of many ELF-PEMF devices for clinical use. Due to the resulting diversity of the ELF-PEMF characteristics regarding treatment regimen, and reported results, exposure to ELF-PEMFs is generally not among the guidelines to treat bone and osteochondral defects. Notwithstanding, here we show that there is strong evidence for ELF-PEMF treatment. We give a short, confined overview of in vitro studies investigating effects of ELF-PEMF treatment on bone cells, highlighting likely mechanisms. Subsequently, we summarize prospective and blinded studies, investigating the effect of ELF-PEMF treatment on acute bone fractures and bone fracture non-unions, osteotomies, spinal fusion, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Although these studies favor the use of ELF-PEMF treatment, they likewise demonstrate the need for more defined and better controlled/monitored treatment modalities. However, to establish indication-oriented treatment regimen, profound knowledge of the underlying mechanisms in the sense of cellular pathways/events triggered is required, highlighting the need for more systematic studies to unravel optimal treatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Depterment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.S.); (R.H.A.-W.); (W.E.); (A.K.N.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-7071-606-1067
| | - Steffen Schröter
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Depterment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.S.); (R.H.A.-W.); (W.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Romina H. Aspera-Werz
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Depterment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.S.); (R.H.A.-W.); (W.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Depterment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.S.); (R.H.A.-W.); (W.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Karsten Falldorf
- Sachtleben GmbH, Hamburg, Haus Spectrum am UKE, Martinistraße 64, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Michael Ronniger
- Sachtleben GmbH, Hamburg, Haus Spectrum am UKE, Martinistraße 64, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Depterment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.S.); (R.H.A.-W.); (W.E.); (A.K.N.)
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7
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Galli C, Pedrazzi G, Guizzardi S. The cellular effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on osteoblasts: A review. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:211-233. [PMID: 30908726 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have long been known to interact with living organisms and their cells and to bear the potential for therapeutic use. Among the most extensively investigated applications, the use of Pulsed EMFs (PEMFs) has proven effective to ameliorate bone healing in several studies, although the evidence is still inconclusive. This is due in part to our still-poor understanding of the mechanisms by which PEMFs act on cells and affect their functions and to an ongoing lack of consensus on the most effective parameters for specific clinical applications. The present review has compared in vitro studies on PEMFs on different osteoblast models, which elucidate potential mechanisms of action for PEMFs, up to the most recent insights into the role of primary cilia, and highlight the critical issues underlying at least some of the inconsistent results in the available literature. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;9999:XX-XX. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pedrazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Guizzardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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geçgelen cesur M, Onal T, Bilgin MD, Sirin FB, Inan S, Koken EC, Alkan A, Cesur G. Histological and biochemical investigation of the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontic tooth movement. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.510808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Wang T, Yang L, Jiang J, Liu Y, Fan Z, Zhong C, He C. Pulsed electromagnetic fields: promising treatment for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:267-276. [PMID: 30603841 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-04822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is considered to be a well-defined disease which results in high morbidity and mortality. In patients diagnosed with OP, low bone mass and fragile bone strength have been demonstrated to significantly increase risk of fragility fractures. To date, various anabolic and antiresorptive therapies have been applied to maintain healthy bone mass and strength. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are employed to treat patients suffering from delayed fracture healing and nonunions. Although PEMFs stimulate osteoblastogenesis, suppress osteoclastogenesis, and influence the activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and osteocytes, ultimately leading to retention of bone mass and strength. However, whether PEMFs could be taken into clinical use to treat OP is still unknown. Furthermore, the deeper signaling pathways underlying the way in which PEMFs influence OP remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - C He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Bique AM, Kaivosoja E, Mikkonen M, Paulasto-Kröckel M. Choice of osteoblast model critical for studying the effects of electromagnetic stimulation on osteogenesis in vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 35:353-64. [PMID: 27355896 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2016.1138124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical benefits of electromagnetic field (EMF) therapy in enhancing osteogenesis have been acknowledged for decades, but agreement regarding the underlying mechanisms continues to be sought. Studies have shown EMFs to promote osteoblast-like cell proliferation, or contrarily, to induce differentiation and enhance mineralization. Typically these disparities have been attributed to methodological differences. The present paper argues the possibility that the chosen osteoblast model impacts stimulation outcome. Phenotypically immature cells, particularly at low seeding densities, appear to be prone to EMF-amplified proliferation. Conversely, mature cells at higher densities seem to be predisposed to earlier onset differentiation and mineralization. This suggests that EMFs augment ongoing processes in cell populations. To test this hypothesis, mature SaOS-2 cells and immature MC3T3-E1 cells at various densities, with or without osteo-induction, were exposed to sinusoidal 50 Hz EMF. The exposure stimulated the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 and inhibited the proliferation of SaOS-2 cells. Baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression of SaOS-2 cells was high and rapidly further increased with EMF exposure, whereas ALP effects in MC3T3-E1 cells were not seen until the second week. Thus both cell types responded differently to EMF stimulation, corroborating the hypothesis that the phenotypic maturity and culture stage of cells influence stimulation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Bique
- a Aalto University Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation , School of Electrical Engineering , Espoo , Finland
| | - Emilia Kaivosoja
- a Aalto University Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation , School of Electrical Engineering , Espoo , Finland
| | - Marko Mikkonen
- a Aalto University Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation , School of Electrical Engineering , Espoo , Finland
| | - Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel
- a Aalto University Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation , School of Electrical Engineering , Espoo , Finland
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Abbruzzese L, Iacopi E, Coppelli A, Bonino G, Goretti C, Piaggesi A. Safety and Effectiveness of Therapeutic Magnetic Resonance in the Management of Postsurgical Lesion of the Diabetic Foot. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2015; 14:4-10. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734614568374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of therapeutic magnetic resonance (TMR) in the management of the diabetic foot (DF), we treated a group of consecutive type 2 diabetic inpatients with wide postsurgical lesions (Group A: N = 10; age 67.7 ± 18.9 years, duration of diabetes 22.3 ± 6.6 years, 8.1 ± 1.1%, body mass index 29.4 ± 2.1 kg/m2), for 2 consecutive weeks, while admitted, with a low-intensity magnetic resonance equipment, in addition to standard treatment. Patients, compared with a matched control group with the same clinical characteristics (Group B), were then followed monthly for 6 months to evaluate healing rate (HR), healing time (HT), rate of granulation tissue (GT) at 3 months, and adverse events. HR was of 90% in Group A and 30% in Group B ( P < .05); GT was 73.7 ± 13.2% in Group A versus 51.84 ± 18.77% in Group B ( P < .05). HT in Group A was 84.46 ± 54.38 days versus 148.54 ± 78.96 days in Group B ( P < .01). No difference in adverse events (5 in Group A and 6 in Group B) was observed throughout the study period. In this pilot study, the use of TMR at this dose and duration was safe. The results also permit the observation that TMR plus standard care offered a faster healing rate compared with standard care alone.
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Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates tooth movement via activation of the BMP-2 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68926. [PMID: 23894376 PMCID: PMC3720872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the underlying mechanism of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) induced alveolar bone remodeling and the role of BMP-2 expression in a rat orthodontic tooth movement model. Orthodontic appliances were placed between the homonymy upper first molars and the upper central incisors in rats under general anesthesia, followed by daily 20-min LIPUS or sham LIPUS treatment beginning at day 0. Tooth movement distances and molecular changes were evaluated at each observation point. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to detect HGF (Hepatocyte growth factor)/Runx2/BMP-2 signaling pathways and receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) expression by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry. At day 3, LIPUS had no effect on the rat orthodontic tooth movement distance and BMP-2-induced alveolar bone remodeling. However, beginning at day 5 and for the following time points, LIPUS significantly increased orthodontic tooth movement distance and BMP-2 signaling pathway and RANKL expression compared with the control group. The qRT-PCR and Western blot data in vitro and in vivo to study BMP-2 expression were consistent with the immunohistochemistry observations. The present study demonstrates that LIPUS promotes alveolar bone remodeling by stimulating the HGF/Runx2/BMP-2 signaling pathway and RANKL expression in a rat orthodontic tooth movement model, and LIPUS increased BMP-2 expression via Runx2 regulation.
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Pulsed electromagnetic fields increased the anti-inflammatory effect of A₂A and A₃ adenosine receptors in human T/C-28a2 chondrocytes and hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65561. [PMID: 23741498 PMCID: PMC3669296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) have an important role in the regulation of inflammation and their activation is involved in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on inflammation have been reported and we have demonstrated that PEMFs increased A2A and A3AR density and functionality in different cell lines. Chondrocytes and osteoblasts are two key cell types in the skeletal system that play important role in cartilage and bone metabolism representing an interesting target to study the effect of PEMFs. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate if PEMF exposure potentiated the anti-inflammatory effect of A2A and/or A3ARs in T/C-28a2 chondrocytes and hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts. Immunofluorescence, mRNA analysis and saturation binding assays revealed that PEMF exposure up-regulated A2A and A3AR expression. A2A and A3ARs were able to modulate cAMP production and cell proliferation. The activation of A2A and A3ARs resulted in the decrease of some of the most relevant pro-inflammatory cytokine release such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, following the treatment with IL-1β as an inflammatory stimuli. In human chondrocyte and osteoblast cell lines, the inhibitory effect of A2A and A3AR stimulation on the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an important lipid inflammatory mediator, was observed. In addition, in T/C-28a2 cells, the activation of A2A or A3ARs elicited an inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. In hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts, PEMF exposure determined an increase of osteoprotegerin (OPG) production. The effect of the A2A or A3AR agonists in the examined cells was enhanced in the presence of PEMFs and completely blocked by using well-known selective antagonists. These results demonstrated that PEMF exposure significantly increase the anti-inflammatory effect of A2A or A3ARs suggesting their potential therapeutic use in the therapy of inflammatory bone and joint disorders.
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SAWAI YASUSHI, MURATA HIROAKI, KOTO KAZUTAKA, MATSUI TAKAAKI, HORIE NAOYUKI, ASHIHARA EISHI, MAEKAWA TAIRA, FUSHIKI SHINJI, KUBO TOSHIKAZU. Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on osteosarcoma and cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:481-6. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wang X, Schröder HC, Wiens M, Schloßmacher U, Müller WEG. Biosilica: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Function in Demosponges as well as its Applied Aspects for Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2012; 62:231-271. [PMID: 22664124 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394283-8.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization, biosilicification in particular (i.e. the formation of biogenic silica, SiO(2)), has become an exciting source of inspiration for the development of novel bionic approaches following 'nature as model'. Siliceous sponges are unique among silica-forming organisms in their ability to catalyze silica formation using a specific enzyme termed silicatein. In this study, we review the present state of knowledge on silicatein-mediated 'biosilica' formation in marine demosponges, the involvement of further molecules in silica metabolism and their potential applications in nano-biotechnology and bio-medicine. While most forms of multicellular life have developed a calcium-based skeleton, a few specialized organisms complement their body plan with silica. Only sponges (phylum Porifera) are able to polymerize silica enzymatically mediated in order to generate massive siliceous skeletal elements (spicules) during a unique reaction, at ambient temperature and pressure. During this biomineralization process (i.e. biosilicification), hydrated, amorphous silica is deposited within highly specialized sponge cells, ultimately resulting in structures that range in size from micrometres to metres. This peculiar phenomenon has been comprehensively studied in recent years, and in several approaches, the molecular background was explored to create tools that might be employed for novel bioinspired biotechnological and biomedical applications. Thus, it was discovered that spiculogenesis is mediated by the enzyme silicatein and starts intracellularly. The resulting silica nanoparticles fuse and subsequently form concentric lamellar layers around a central protein filament, consisting of silicatein and the scaffold protein silintaphin-1. Once the growing spicule is extruded into the extracellular space, it obtains final size and shape. Again, this process is mediated by silicatein and silintaphin-1/silintaphin-1, in combination with other molecules such as galectin and collagen. The molecular toolbox generated so far allows the fabrication of novel micro- and nano-structured composites, contributing to the economical and sustainable synthesis of biomaterials with unique characteristics. In this context, first bioinspired approaches implement recombinant silicatein and silintaphin-1 for applications in the field of biomedicine (biosilica-mediated regeneration of tooth and bone defects) with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Chalidis B, Sachinis N, Assiotis A, Maccauro G. Stimulation of bone formation and fracture healing with pulsed electromagnetic fields: biologic responses and clinical implications. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:17-20. [PMID: 21669132 DOI: 10.1177/03946320110241s204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been used for several years to supplement bone healing. However, the mode of action of this non-invasive method is still debated and quantification of its effect on fracture healing is widely varied. At cellular and molecular level, PEMF has been advocated to promote the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins and exert a direct effect on the production of proteins that regulate gene transcription. Electromagnetic fields may also affect several membrane receptors and stimulate osteoblasts to secrete several growth factors such as bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 and TGF-beta. They could also accelerate intramedullary angiogenesis and improve the load to failure and stiffness of the bone. Although healing rates have been reported in up to 87 % of delayed unions and non-unions, the efficacy of the method is significantly varied while patient or fracture related variables could not be clearly associated with a successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chalidis
- Interbalkan Medical Center, Orthopaedic Department, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Schröder HC, Wiens M, Wang X, Schloßmacher U, Müller WEG. Biosilica-based strategies for treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 52:283-312. [PMID: 21877270 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21230-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease in later life, which has become a growing public health problem. This degenerative bone disease primarily affects postmenopausal women, but also men may suffer from reduced bone mineral density. The development of prophylactic treatments and medications of osteoporosis has become an urgent issue due to the increasing proportion of the elderly in the population. Apart from medical/hormonal treatments, current strategies for prophylaxis of osteoporosis are primarily based on calcium supplementation as a main constituent of bone hydroxyapatite mineral. Despite previous reports suggesting an essential role in skeletal growth and development, the significance of the trace element silicon in human bone formation has attracted major scientific interest only rather recently. The interest in silicon has been further increased by the latest discoveries in the field of biosilicification, the formation of the inorganic silica skeleton of the oldest still extant animals on Earth, the sponges, which revealed new insights in the biological function of this element. Sponges make use of silicon to build up their inorganic skeleton which consists of biogenously formed polymeric silica (biosilica). The formation of biosilica is mediated by specific enzymes, silicateins, which have been isolated, characterized, and expressed in a recombinant way. Epidemiological studies revealed that dietary silicon reduces the risk of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Recent results allowed for the first time to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of silicic acid/biosilica against osteoporosis. Biosilica was shown to modulate the ratio of expression of two cytokines involved in bone formation-RANKL and osteoprotegerin. Hence, biosilica has been proposed to have a potential in prophylaxis and therapy of osteoporosis and related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Grant Research Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany,
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Jung TY, Park SJ, Hwang DS, Kim YD, Lee SW, Kim UK. Effect on bone healing by the application of low intensity pulsed ultrasound after injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells at the implantation of titanium implant in the tibia of diabetes-induced rat. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2011.37.4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae-Suk Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University School of Dentistry,Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University School of Dentistry,Yangsan, Korea
| | - Soo-Woon Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Uk-Kyu Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University School of Dentistry,Yangsan, Korea
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Wiens M, Wang X, Schlossmacher U, Lieberwirth I, Glasser G, Ushijima H, Schröder HC, Müller WEG. Osteogenic potential of biosilica on human osteoblast-like (SaOS-2) cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:513-24. [PMID: 20725824 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biosilica is a natural polymer, synthesized by the poriferan enzyme silicatein from monomeric silicate substrates. Biosilica stimulates mineralizing activity and gene expression of SaOS-2 cells. To study its effect on the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA), SaOS-2 cells were grown on different silicatein/biosilica-modified substrates (bone slices, Ca-P-coated coverslips, glass coverslips). Growth on these substrates induced the formation of HA nodules, organized in longitudinal arrays or spherical spots. Nodules of sizes above 1 μm were composed of irregularly arranged HA prism-like nanorods, formed by aggregates of three to eight SaOS-2 cells. Moreover, growth on silicatein/biosilica-modified substrates elicited increased [(3)H]dT incorporation into DNA, indicative of enhanced cell proliferation. Consequently, an in vitro-based bioassay was established to determine the ratio between [(3)H]dT incorporation and HA formation. This ratio was significantly higher for cells that grew on silicatein/biosilica-modified substrates than for cells on Ca-P-coated coverslips or plain glass slips. Hence, we propose that this ratio of in vitro-determined parameters reflects the osteogenic effect of different substrates on bone-forming cells. Finally, qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that growth of SaOS-2 cells on a silicatein/biosilica matrix upregulated BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2, inducer of bone formation) expression. In contrast, TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, modulator of bone resorption) expression remained unaffected. We conclude that biosilica shows pronounced osteogenicity in vitro, qualifying this material for studies of bone replacement also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wiens
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Wiens M, Wang X, Schröder HC, Kolb U, Schloßmacher U, Ushijima H, Müller WE. The role of biosilica in the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio in human osteoblast-like cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7716-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yan L, Wang Q, Fu Q, Ye Q, Xiao H, Wan Q. Amitriptyline inhibits currents and decreases the mRNA expression of voltage-gated sodium channels in cultured rat cortical neurons. Brain Res 2010; 1336:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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