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Xiang Z, Wang Y, Liu S. The chemical and metabolite profiles of Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and in-house software. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114994. [PMID: 35033623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction (GXBD) was a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of coronary heart disease. However, the current study on the chemical and metabolite profiles of GXBD did not follow the ancient prescription and extraction method, which hindered the discovery of effective compounds and quality control. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we prepared GXBD by ancient prescription and extraction methods, and then analysed the chemical components and xenobiotics of GXBD in vivo using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and in-house software. RESULTS 49 chemical constituents were preliminarily identified, including 7 terpenoids, 6 flavonoids, 5 alkaloids, 17 organic acids, 8 steroids and steroidal saponins, 2 nucleosides and 4 other types of compounds, of which 10 constituents were confirmed unambiguously with authentic standards. Moreover, 129 metabolites were tentatively identified, including 83 metabolites in plasma, 39 metabolites in urine, 25 metabolites in bile and 9 metabolites in feces. Our study speculated that luteolin, adenosine, vanillic acid and curbitacin B might be possible effective components of GXBD for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Dehydration, deglycosylation, dehydrogenation, acetylation and taurine regulation were the main biotransformation reactions of GXBD. CONCLUSION Our results provided an important basis for the discovery of effective compounds and quality control of GXBD. In addition, in-house software was an useful tool for identifcation of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiang
- Medical School, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shundi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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Waluyo D, Prabandari EE, Pramisandi A, Hidayati DN, Chrisnayanti E, Puspitasari DJ, Dewi D, Oktaviani AN, Afrianti KR, Nonaka K, Matsumoto A, Tokiwa T, Adipratiwi N, Ariyani T, Hartuti ED, Putri TZ, Rahmawati Y, Inaoka DK, Miyazaki Y, Sakura T, Siska E, Kurnia K, Bernawati P, Mahsunah AH, Nugroho NB, Mori M, Dobashi K, Yamashita M, Nurkanto A, Watanabe A, Shiomi K, Wibowo AE, Nozaki T. Exploring natural microbial resources for the discovery of anti-malarial compounds. Parasitol Int 2021; 85:102432. [PMID: 34363974 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms in nature are highly diverse biological resources, which can be explored for drug discovery. Some countries including Brazil, Columbia, Indonesia, China, and Mexico, which are blessed with geographical uniqueness with diverse climates and display remarkable megabiodiversity, potentially provide microorganismal resources for such exploitation. In this review, as an example of drug discovery campaigns against tropical parasitic diseases utilizing microorganisms from such a megabiodiversity country, we summarize our past and on-going activities toward discovery of new antimalarials. The program was held in a bilateral collaboration between multiple Indonesian and Japanese research groups. In order to develop a new platform of drug discovery utilizing Indonesian bioresources under an international collaborative scheme, we aimed at: 1) establishment of an Indonesian microbial depository, 2) development of robust enzyme-based and cell-based screening systems, and 3) technology transfer necessary for screening, purification, and identification of antimalarial compounds from microbial culture broths. We collected, characterized, and deposited Indonesian microbes. We morphologically and genetically characterized fungi and actinomycetes strains isolated from 5 different locations representing 3 Indonesian geographical areas, and validated genetic diversity of microbes. Enzyme-based screening was developed against two validated mitochondrial enzymes from Plasmodium falciparum, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and malate:quinone oxidoreductase, while cell-based proliferation assay was developed using the erythrocytic stage parasite of 3D7 strain. More than 17 thousands microbial culture extracts were subjected to the enzyme- and cell-based screening. Representative anti-malarial compounds discovered in this campaign are discussed, including a few isolated compounds that have been identified for the first time as anti-malarial compounds. Our antimalarial discovery campaign validated the Indonesian microbial library as a powerful resource for drug discovery. We also discuss critical needs for selection criteria for hits at each stage of screening and hit deconvolution such as preliminary extraction test for the initial profiling of the active compounds and dereplication techniques to minimize repetitive discovery of known compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danang Waluyo
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Erwahyuni Endang Prabandari
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Amila Pramisandi
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Noor Hidayati
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Evita Chrisnayanti
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Dian Japany Puspitasari
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Diana Dewi
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Avi Nurul Oktaviani
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Kiki Rizkia Afrianti
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Kenichi Nonaka
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Matsumoto
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tokiwa
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nadia Adipratiwi
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Titin Ariyani
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Endah Dwi Hartuti
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tiara Zovi Putri
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Yulia Rahmawati
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daniel Ken Inaoka
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yukiko Miyazaki
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takaya Sakura
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Eka Siska
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Kesi Kurnia
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Putri Bernawati
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Anis Herliyati Mahsunah
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Nuki Bambang Nugroho
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Mihoko Mori
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Dobashi
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Arif Nurkanto
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for Biology, Indonesia Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | | | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Agung Eru Wibowo
- Laboratory for Biotechnology (Biotech Center), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Building 630, Puspiptek Area, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia; Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Laptiab, Puspiptek, Setu, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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