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Awuah RB, Antwi P, Sanuade OA, Kushitor SB, Marphatia AA, Akwo Kretchy I, Amon S, Blandford A, Vaughan M, Baatiema L, Fottrell E, Jennings HM. Perceptions and knowledge of diabetes in poor urban communities in Accra, Ghana. Glob Public Health 2025; 20:2516700. [PMID: 40490942 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2025.2516700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2025] [Indexed: 06/11/2025]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major public health concern, leading to costly and life-threating complications while significantly impacting quality of life. However, limited evidence exists on how diabetes is understood in poor urban communities in Africa, including Ghana. Evidence suggests that community beliefs about disease can shape health outcomes and influence intervention strategies. This cross-sectional qualitative study assessed perceptions and knowledge of diabetes in two poor urban communities in Accra, Ghana. Thirteen focus group discussions were conducted, involving ninety-four participants segmented by sex, age, and diabetes status. Participants frequently cited unhealthy diets, alcohol consumption, and smoking as primary causes of diabetes. Knowledge of prevention was primarily focused on maintaining a healthy diet and engaging in physical activity. Managing diabetes was associated with adopting healthy lifestyles and seeking care at a health facility. Additionally, covert diabetes-related stigma was observed in the communities, with implications for illness disclosure and overall quality of life. Community-wide interventions are needed to increase awareness on the causes and consequences of diabetes, address negative social norms, and expand screening programmes to facilitate early detection and guidance for effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Baffour Awuah
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Vital Strategies, New York, USA
| | - Publa Antwi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Sandra Boatemaa Kushitor
- Department of Community Health, Ensign Global College, Kpong, Ghana
- Department of Food Science and Center for Sustainability Transitions, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Akanksha Abhay Marphatia
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Environmental Health Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Irene Akwo Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Amon
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ann Blandford
- UCL Interaction Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Vaughan
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leonard Baatiema
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Edward Fottrell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Maria Jennings
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, UK
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Takaike H, Kato A, Miura J, Takagi S, Babazono T. Psychometric validation and reliability of the Japanese version of the type 1 diabetes stigma assessment scale (DSAS-1 JP). PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2025; 136:108765. [PMID: 40215574 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2025.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to develop and validate a Japanese version of the type 1 diabetes (T1D) stigma assessment scale (DSAS-1 JP) to measure the stigma perceived and experienced by adults with T1D. METHODS The DSAS-1 JP was created through forward and backward translations, cognitive debriefing with 10 participants, and extensive proofreading. Its reliability and validity were evaluated in 384 adults with T1D using confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's α for internal reliability, and Spearman's rank correlation for construct validity. RESULTS The DSAS-1 JP was found to be acceptable by the experts and the target population. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the three-factor structure representing 'treated differently', 'blame and judgement', and 'identity concern', with Cronbach's α values of 0.86, 0.85, and 0.89, respectively. Overall, Cronbach's α for the DSAS-1 JP was 0.92. The model fit indices were robust (goodness-of-fit index=0.94, comparative fit index=0.94, root mean square error of approximation=0.068). Correlations of the DSAS-1 JP score with diabetes distress (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), self-esteem (r = -0.28, p < 0.001), and depressive symptoms (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) confirmed its constant validity. The test-retest reliability was strong at 0.77 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The DSAS-1 JP is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the extent of perceived and experienced stigma in Japanese adults with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Takaike
- Division of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Asuka Kato
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junnosuke Miura
- Division of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Division of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Babazono
- Division of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamamoto M, Takashi Y, Ishizu M, Toyokawa K, Nagata D, Makihata K, Koganemaru H, Sakamoto T, Teshima K, Urata Y, Muta Y, Yokomizo H, Sekiguchi D, Maeda Y, Minami M, Kato A, Kawanami D. Association between self-stigma and diabetic complications in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2025; 15:e095698. [PMID: 40527574 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-095698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between self-stigma evaluated using the Japanese version of the Self-Stigma Scale (SSS-J) and diabetic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING One university hospital and one clinic in Fukuoka, Japan. PARTICIPANTS People (age ≥20 years) with type 2 diabetes receiving outpatient care, who were treated by diabetologists, and completed the SSS-J questionnaire (n=259). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the level of self-stigma assessed using the SSS-J. The presence of DR and DKD was evaluated as secondary outcomes. RESULTS A positive correlation was found between self-stigma and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (r=0.132, p=0.034). The mean SSS-J score was significantly higher in people with type 2 diabetes who had DR than in those without DR (p=0.006). There was no significant difference in the mean SSS-J scores of the patients with albuminuria (p=0.318) or a decreased kidney function (p=0.887). Additionally, the relative risk for the presence of DR, as assessed by quartiles of SSS-J scores and a logistic regression analysis, was significantly increased in the Q4 group with the highest SSS-J score after adjustment for sex, age and HbA1c (OR=3.91, 95% CI 1.49 to 10.3, p=0.006). The relative risk for the presence of albuminuria as a DKD significantly increased in the Q4 group immediately after adjustment for sex and age (OR=2.45, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.81, p=0.042). However, this association was attenuated and became non-significant after additional adjustment for HbA1c levels. In contrast, no significant association was observed between the SSS-J score quartiles and decreased kidney function. CONCLUSIONS The presence of DR was more strongly associated with self-stigma than DKD. Although the causality between self-stigma and the presence of DR could not be elucidated due to the cross-sectional nature of the study, the present study suggests that addressing self-stigma may aid in glycaemic management and the prevention of DR, emphasising the need for healthcare providers to recognise self-stigma as a barrier to optimal diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Yamamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masashi Ishizu
- Department of Medical Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kyoko Toyokawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dai Nagata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Makihata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruki Koganemaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sakamoto
- Division of Nursing, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kayoko Teshima
- Division of Nursing, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Urata
- Division of Nursing, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Muta
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dan Sekiguchi
- MINAMI Diabetes Clinical Research Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- Clinic Masae Minami, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Maeda
- MINAMI Diabetes Clinical Research Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- Clinic Masae Minami, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masae Minami
- MINAMI Diabetes Clinical Research Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- Clinic Masae Minami, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asuka Kato
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Özkan Tuncay F, Koçyiğit N. The relationship between perceived stigma and health-promoting self-care in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2025; 24:49. [PMID: 39845909 PMCID: PMC11748663 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-025-01565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
Objectives The study was conducted to examine the relationship between perceived self-stigma and health promotion self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The study was conducted with 206 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in the endocrinology clinic of a state hospital between July and September 2023 and met the study inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a patient identification form, the Type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-2) and the Diabetes Health Promotion Self-Care Scale (DHPSC). Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistical software (Version 22), which combines descriptive and analytical statistics. Results The participants' DSAS-2 and DHPSC total mean scores were 47.85 ± 17.81 and 87.83 ± 19.19, respectively. A moderate, negative and statistically significant relationship was found between the participants' DSAS-2 and DHPSC total mean scores (r: 0.467, p:0.000), suggesting that health-promotion self-care is a predictor of perceived stigma. Conclusion The study revealed that the patients with type 2 diabetes experienced moderate levels of stigma, and as the level of perceived stigma increased, their self-care behaviors were negatively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Özkan Tuncay
- Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medical Nursing, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nalan Koçyiğit
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Nursing, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Clayton CK, Nesbitt KA, Camillo KL, Wellman JD, Lee AA. Impacts of Diabetes Stigma on Acute Health Care Utilization Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care 2025; 51:262-271. [PMID: 40114663 DOI: 10.1177/26350106251326509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between diabetes stigma, patient activation, and acute health care use. It was predicted that greater diabetes stigma would be associated with lower patient activation and greater likelihood of acute health care utilization.MethodsPrimary data were collected cross-sectionally using a web-based panel of US adults with type 2 diabetes (N = 371). Participants were screened for eligibility by providing informed consent, reporting a type 2 diabetes diagnosis from a health care provider, and passing an end-of-survey check to corroborate participants' initial self-reported diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale, with its 3 subscales, assessed blame and judgment, perceived discrimination, and self-stigma associated with having diabetes. Patient activation was measured using the Patient Activation Measure. The frequency of diabetes-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations during the prior 12 months measured acute health care use.ResultsSelf-stigma was significantly associated with lower levels of patient activation, and blame and judgment and perceived discrimination were not. Perceived discrimination was also significantly associated with greater risk of emergency department visits and hospitalizations, and self-stigma and blame and judgment were not associated with either indicator of acute health care use.ConclusionsResults suggest self-stigma is associated with lower levels of patient activation and that perceived discrimination is related to increased use of acute health care. Future research may examine avenues to reduce diabetes stigma and its effect on patient activation and acute health care utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aaron A Lee
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
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Said NB, Hayek M, Alsayed AE. The perceived social support, life events, and depressive features among patients with diabetes mellitus. Chronic Illn 2025; 21:205-215. [PMID: 37872648 DOI: 10.1177/17423953231209462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study evaluated the relationship between life events, perceived social support, and depressive features among people with diabetes.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional design using convenience sampling. Questionnaires were distributed to targeted patients in primary health care services in the Nablus district.Questionnaires used wereThe Holmes-Rahe Stress Inventory Scale, The Beck Depression Inventory, and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.ResultsAbout 120 diabetic patients participated in this study. Findings revealed that higher diabetes mellitus prevalence was among older ages (39.2% are 60 years or older). More than half of the participants were smokers. Regarding life events, 53.3% of the patients have a 50% chance of developing major breakdowns in the next two years. Depression was found to be normal among 32.5% of participants, while 22.5% were moderately depressed. More patients had a disagreement that they could find social support from their friends than their family members.DiscussionPeople with diabetes are affected significantly by life events, depressive features, and perceived social support, hence, further attention is needed accompanied by frequent assessment for such factors for effective diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar B Said
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Hayek
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Aseel E Alsayed
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Reed T, Tariq S, Auger J, Larsen M, Lawson J, Whaley A, Grewal EK, Campbell DJ. Assessing the Impact of a Community-Based Narrative Film about Diabetes and Homelessness. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2025:10901981251332235. [PMID: 40347124 DOI: 10.1177/10901981251332235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2025]
Abstract
Stigma prevents societal acceptance, reinforces social inequities, and greatly complicates the management of diabetes for those dealing with homelessness. Various forms of media, such as film, can educate audiences and play a role in reducing stigma, but the effectiveness of such interventions in changing individuals' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB) requires further exploration. This study assessed the impact of a film on diabetes and homelessness through pre- and post-surveys of audience members (n = 202) at 12 screening events. The surveys measured changes in KAB through Likert scale questions, with scores ranging from 1 to 5. Statistical analyses, including Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests, were used to assess differences in KAB before and after viewing the film, as well as variations based on prior familiarity with diabetes and homelessness. Respondents' knowledge increased significantly across all topics related to both diabetes and homelessness. There were significant differences in all questions that assessed respondents' attitudes. Notably, respondents' beliefs changed significantly to be more positive, except for a single question where the pre-scores already demonstrated reasonably high baseline knowledge. In several domains, respondents familiar with diabetes did not have as significant of a change compared with individuals who were less familiar with diabetes at baseline. These findings suggest that narrative films can positively influence audience members' KAB about stigmatized conditions like diabetes and homelessness. Future research will examine the lasting impact of such interventions on audience members' KAB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy Auger
- Calgary Diabetes Advocacy Committee, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matt Larsen
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Calgary Diabetes Advocacy Committee, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Justin Lawson
- Calgary Diabetes Advocacy Committee, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna Whaley
- Calgary Diabetes Advocacy Committee, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Almomani BA, Elayyan RN, Al-Shatnawi SF. Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children: Patient reported outcomes. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0322882. [PMID: 40323910 PMCID: PMC12052175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing. Poor glycemic control in children and adolescents leads to both acute and chronic problems, reduced Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and higher healthcare utilization. This study aimed to assess patient-reported outcomes related to self-management adherence, QoL, diabetes-related stigma, glycemic control, and other clinical outcomes along with their determinants, in insulin-treated pediatric T1DM patients in Jordan. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2023 at two health centers in Northern Jordan. Eligible pediatric T1DM patients attending outpatient clinics were enrolled. Trained pharmacists conducted face-to-face interviews with both children and their guardians, using validated tools that were translated into Arabic. Adherence was evaluated using the Diabetes Management Questionnaire, HRQoL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Diabetes Module, stigma was assessed using the Child Attitude Toward Illness Scale and glycemic control was determined by glycated hemoglobin levels. A total of 150 patients participated in the study. The mean adherence score was 57.4 ± 18.13. Factors such as younger age (P-value = 0.01), higher monthly income (P-value = 0.022) and shorter disease duration (P-value = 0.008) were associated with improved adherence. The mean pediatric QoL score was 63.27 ± 11.86, with male gender (P-value = 0.021) and the absence of disease-related factors (P-value = 0.004) linked to lower QoL scores. Additionally, body mass index (P-value = 0.041) and a family history of DM (P-value = 0.047) were linked to stigma. Most patients (76%) had uncontrolled diabetes, with disease duration (P-value = 0.019) and maternal educational level (P-value = 0.013) influencing glycemic control. These findings highlight that, despite widespread poor glycemic control, insulin adherence and QoL among pediatric T1DM patients in Jordan are above average. Targeted interventions are recommended to improve adherence and, in turn, overall patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basima A. Almomani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Roa’a N. Elayyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Samah F. Al-Shatnawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Lu Y, Liu D, Liang Z, Liu R, Chen P, Liu Y, Li J, Feng Z, Li LM, Sheng B, Jia W, Chen L, Li H, Wang Y. A pretrained transformer model for decoding individual glucose dynamics from continuous glucose monitoring data. Natl Sci Rev 2025; 12:nwaf039. [PMID: 40191259 PMCID: PMC11970253 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology has grown rapidly to track real-time blood glucose levels and trends with improved sensor accuracy. The ease of use and wide availability of CGM will facilitate safe and effective decision making for diabetes management. Here, we developed an attention-based deep learning model, CGMformer, pretrained on a well-controlled and diverse corpus of CGM data to represent individual's intrinsic metabolic state and enable clinical applications. During pretraining, CGMformer encodes glucose dynamics including glucose level, fluctuation, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia into latent space with self-supervised learning. It shows generalizability in imputing glucose value across five external datasets with different populations and metabolic states (MAE = 3.7 mg/dL). We then fine-tuned CGMformer towards a diverse panel of downstream tasks in the screening of diabetes and its complications using task-specific data, which demonstrated a consistently boosted predictive accuracy over direct fine-tuning on a single task (AUROC = 0.914 for type 2 diabetes (T2D) screening and 0.741 for complication screening). By learning an intrinsic representation of an individual's glucose dynamics, CGMformer classifies non-diabetic individuals into six clusters with elevated T2D risks, and identifies a specific cluster with lean body-shape but high risk of glucose metabolism disorders, which is overlooked by traditional glucose measurements. Furthermore, CGMformer achieves high accuracy in predicting an individual's postprandial glucose response with dietary modelling (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.763) and helps personalized dietary recommendations. Overall, CGMformer pretrains a transformer neural network architecture to learn an intrinsic representation by borrowing information from a large amount of daily glucose profiles, and demonstrates predictive capabilities fine-tuned towards a broad range of downstream applications, holding promise for the early warning of T2D and recommendations for lifestyle modification in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurun Lu
- Center for Excellence in Mathematical Sciences, National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hua Loo-Keng Center for Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Management, Decision and Information System, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhongming Liang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- BGI-Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Pei Chen
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Center for Excellence in Mathematical Sciences, National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hua Loo-Keng Center for Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Management, Decision and Information System, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Center for Excellence in Mathematical Sciences, National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hua Loo-Keng Center for Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Management, Decision and Information System, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanying Feng
- Center for Excellence in Mathematical Sciences, National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hua Loo-Keng Center for Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Management, Decision and Information System, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei M Li
- Center for Excellence in Mathematical Sciences, National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hua Loo-Keng Center for Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Management, Decision and Information System, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519031, China
- Pazhou Laboratory (Huangpu), Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Huating Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Center for Excellence in Mathematical Sciences, National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hua Loo-Keng Center for Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Management, Decision and Information System, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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10
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Komura Y, Inoue K, Ishimura N, Taura D, Harada N, Inagaki N, Kondo N. Diabetes and suicide: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study among the Japanese working-age population. J Epidemiol Community Health 2025; 79:340-346. [PMID: 39603686 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2024-222701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the mental health burden of diabetes has received substantial attention, there is limited evidence on whether the risk of suicide-a severe consequence of mental health problems-increases among individuals with diabetes. Therefore, this study investigated the association between diabetes and suicide in Japan. METHODS This nationwide longitudinal cohort study included adults aged 18-74 years, who were enrolled in the Japan Health Insurance Association's health insurance programme between 2015 and 2022. Individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes were matched in a 1:1 ratio with those without diabetes, based on age and sex. We employed multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratios for suicide in relation to the diagnosis of diabetes, adjusting for potential confounders, such as sociodemographic characteristics, history of psychiatric disorders, physical measurements, health behaviours and laboratory data. RESULTS Among 4 210 272 individuals in the matched-pair cohort, we observed 337 deaths by suicide among those with diabetes and 250 deaths by suicide among those without diabetes. After conditioning on potential confounders, diabetes diagnosis was linked to an increased risk of suicide (HR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.06 to 1.47)). The association tended to be larger among those aged younger than 40 years and among women (among those aged 18-39 years, HR=1.69 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.73); among women, HR=1.56 (95% CI 0.92 to 2.64)). CONCLUSION Diabetes diagnosis may increase suicide risk among the working-age population, even after conditioning on potential confounders. Our findings underscore the importance of psychosocial support following a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Komura
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- The Hakubi Project, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nana Ishimura
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Dizman N, Agarwal R, Castro DV, Mercier B, Li X, Barragan-Carrillo R, Wong MH, Chan E, Dukkipati A, Paul T, Faridi A, Patel J, Goud J, Paul T, Ioschici M, Ozay ZI, Zugman M, Ebrahimi H, Chehrazi-Raffle A, Dorff TB, Pal SK, Florez N. Assessment of Compliance With ASCO Language of Respect Guidelines in Renal Cell Carcinoma Abstracts. JCO Oncol Pract 2025:OP2401039. [PMID: 40193823 DOI: 10.1200/op-24-01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The ASCO Language of Respect (LOR) Guidelines were developed in 2020 to promote patient-respectful language in abstracts and presentations. We assessed adherence to LOR guidelines among renal cell carcinoma (RCC) abstracts presented at the 2023 and 2019 ASCO Annual Meetings. METHODS We systematically evaluated each statement in all RCC abstracts for compliance with the three clauses of LOR guidelines: "Do not blame patients," "Respect the role of patients," and "Do not dehumanize patients." Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with noncompliance. RESULTS Among 101 abstracts from 2023, the majority involved clinical research (66.3%) and had a character count at limit, defined as within 5% of the 2,600-character limit (51.5%). In 60.4% of abstracts, at least one statement violated the LOR guidelines. Proportions of abstracts with one or more statements with dehumanizing, blaming, or disrespectful language were 46.5%, 21.8%, and 1.0%, respectively. Among all variables examined, including research and author characteristics, abstracts at character limit emerged as the only category with significantly higher rates of noncompliance (62.3% v 35.0%, P = .013). Multivariable analyses showed an odds ratio of 3.3 (95% CI, 1.4 to 7.6, P = .006) for abstracts at character limit to have at least one noncompliant statement. Notably, even among abstracts not at character limit, 46.9% contained statements violating the guidelines. Between 2019 and 2023, the rate of statements that violated the LOR guidelines decreased from 71.0% to 60.4%. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of RCC abstracts contain language inconsistent with LOR guidelines. Although character limit is a likely contributor, our report highlights the need for our professional societies and abstract reviewers to cultivate greater awareness and adherence to patient-respectful language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Dizman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ruchi Agarwal
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - Xiaochen Li
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Megan H Wong
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ethan Chan
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Teebro Paul
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Amber Faridi
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jalen Patel
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jaya Goud
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Trishita Paul
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Malina Ioschici
- Oncology Institute Prof. Dr Ion Chiricuţă, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zeynep Irem Ozay
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Miguel Zugman
- Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Hospital Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tanya B Dorff
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Narjust Florez
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Benton M, Hotung N, Bird J, Ismail K, Silverio SA. The (un)controlled body: A grounded theory analysis to conceptualise stigma for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Health Psychol 2025; 30:871-886. [PMID: 38628073 PMCID: PMC11977814 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241241863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
Health-related stigma is associated with adverse outcomes including depression, stress and reduced engagement in health behaviours which are particularly harmful in pregnancy and the postpartum. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) report negative psychosocial experiences and may be at risk of stigma related to the condition. We aimed to understand women's experiences of GDM-specific stigma. Individual interviews were conducted with n = 53 women living in the UK with a current or past (within 4 years) GDM. Grounded theory methodology was used to analyse the data. Four themes were identified: (1) Preconceptions and misconceptions; (2) Locating, regaining, and negotiating agency; (3) Tension about and resisting the dominant discourse of stigma; and (4) Reclaiming control over the body. GDM-specific stigma was diverse and far reaching and may have broader implications for perinatal mental health and postnatal wellbeing. It is pertinent to investigate possible prospective associations between GDM-specific stigma, and biomedical and mental health outcomes.
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13
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Patel M. Changing the Narrative: Confronting Diabetes-Related Stigma in Healthcare. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2025; 86:1-6. [PMID: 40135309 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2024.0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2025]
Abstract
Stigma refers to negative attitudes and beliefs that are directed at individuals based on perceived differences, such as living with diabetes. Stigma is commonly experienced by those with diabetes. Stigmatization often originates from healthcare professionals (HCPs) who may be unaware of the consequence of their judgemental attitudes on patients and on how personally challenging living with diabetes can be. A lack of empathy from HCPs can risk individuals choosing not to manage their diabetes as advised or even seek support. Harmful comments may also evoke feelings of guilt or shame in individuals, which can further affect their mental wellbeing and ability to self-care appropriately. Wider HCP understanding and appreciation of the impact of stigma in diabetes care could do much to help individuals with diabetes feel supported and understood and not judged. More constructive, person-centred dialogue offered by HCPs, such as avoiding using the threat of developing diabetes complications to drive individual behaviour change has the potential to contribute to better outcomes in diabetes and improve the confidence of individuals living with diabetes in their healthcare teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Patel
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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14
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Penfornis A, Down S, Seignez A, Vives A, Bonnemaire M, Kulzer B. European Survey on Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and their Caregivers: Insights into Personal Experience and Needs for Improving Diabetes Care. Diabetes Ther 2025; 16:471-484. [PMID: 39883287 PMCID: PMC11867988 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires constant self-management and substantially impacts daily life. We surveyed the experiences/burdens of people with T1D (PWD) and their caregivers. METHODS An online survey of PWD/caregivers (aged ≥ 18 years) living in five European countries was conducted from July to August 2021. The survey included questions on the impact of T1D on physical and mental abilities, the frequency of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes and the impact of T1D on the daily lives of PWD. RESULTS Respondents included 458 PWD and 54 caregivers. The main impacts of T1D included fatigue (50% of PWD rated a high/very high impact), a hindrance to daily activities (43%), feeling different than others (42%), and anxiety (40%). The perceived impact of complication risk was significantly lower for PWD paying more attention to controlling their disease (p < 0.001). Most caregivers (80%) reported feeling more anxious than the PWD about their T1D complications. Hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia was a significant predictor of perceived distress owing to T1D. Most PWD (68%) would have liked more psychological support. Over half of respondents (PWD: 53%, caregivers: 56%) felt they had insufficient knowledge about T1D. Acceptance, positivity, and self-organization are the main strategies recommended by PWD/caregivers for living with T1D. CONCLUSIONS T1D remains a significant burden for PWD/caregivers, and more educational and psychological support for T1D management is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Penfornis
- Diabetology Department, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Su Down
- Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Somerset, UK
| | | | | | | | - Bernhard Kulzer
- Diabetes-Zentrum Mergentheim, Forschungsinstitut der Diabetes-Akademie Bad Mergentheim (FIDAM), Universität Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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15
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Valentim J, Paneque M, Mendes Á. Experiences of stigmatization and its impacts among individuals living with hereditary diseases and family members in Portugal: an exploratory study. J Community Genet 2025:10.1007/s12687-025-00782-7. [PMID: 40016373 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-025-00782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Stigma is defined as the perception of an undesirable attribute that leads to discrimination against individuals and groups. Stigmatisation is often triggered due to visible physical or cognitive differences. Although the literature consistently highlights the (fear of) stigmatisation as a significant concern among individuals living with hereditary conditions, no studies in Portugal have specifically provided evidence on this issue. This study aims to address this gap by examining the experiences and impact of stigma on individuals and families affected by hereditary diseases in Portugal. After receiving ethics approval, a total of 216 participants, including affected individuals, asymptomatic carriers and family members from families with a range of hereditary conditions, were recruited through patient support associations. Participants completed an online questionnaire via Limesurvey. Data were analysed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), median comparison tests, and thematic analysis. Of the participants, 78.7% were women, 55.6% had a university degree, and 20.4% were aged between 42 and 47 years. Findings indicate that stigma impacts individuals across various domains, including social interactions, institutional settings, the workplace, and healthcare. EFA identified a bi-factorial model of stigma, comprising Stigma Experiences and Perceived Support subscales, and the overall scale demonstrated high internal consistency (α = .879). Women and younger participants reported higher levels of stigma. Religiosity and humor emerged as key coping strategies. This study is the first in Portugal to assess stigma among individuals living with hereditary conditions. Our findings contributed to validating a measurement instrument, identified sociodemographic variations, and examined the psychosocial dimensions of stigma among affected patients. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive strategies to address and mitigate stigma, improve support systems, and enhance the well-being and healthcare experiences of individuals and families impacted by hereditary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Valentim
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Milena Paneque
- CGPP - Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics, IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Mendes
- CGPP - Centre for Predictive and Preventive Genetics, IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Sedaei M, Mohamadi MA, Dadkhah B. Investigating the relationship between social stigma and treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes patients at healthcare centers in Northwest Iran. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:815. [PMID: 40022085 PMCID: PMC11869741 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-22014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/03/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social stigma associated with type 2 diabetes is a significant global mental and social health issue that can hinder treatment adherence among patients. To address this concern, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between social stigma and treatment adherence levels in type 2 diabetes patients attending healthcare centers in northwest Iran. METHODS In this descriptive-correlation study, 432 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Ardabil city health service centers were selected by simple random and multi-stage cluster method. The data collection tools included the personal-social profile form, type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale (DSAS-2), and treatment adherence questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software with descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, analysis of variance, a logistic linear regression model. RESULTS The results indicated that the average score for the total social stigma of type 2 diabetes among the studied samples was 59.27 ± 15.52. A high level of perceived social stigma was observed in 55.6% of the patients. The average score for treatment adherence was 97.46 ± 28.79, with an adherence situation at an average level (59.7%). An inverse relationship was identified between the social stigma of diabetes and adherence to treatment (r = -0.29, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant relationship between the average score of social stigma of diabetes and variables such as gender and marital status, as well as between the average score of treatment adherence and the gender of patients. The stepwise multiple linear regression model revealed that 15.1% of the variance in treatment adherence could be explained by age, duration of the disease, and social stigma of diabetes. CONCLUSION The study found that, more than half of the patients had social stigma and reported their adherence to treatment as moderate. Also, there was an inverse and significant correlation between social stigma and treatment adherence. Therefore, it is necessary to provide psychological counseling services to reduce social stigma and teach the importance of adherence to treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sedaei
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ail Mohamadi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behrouz Dadkhah
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Managing diabetes is an intensive, lifelong responsibility that significantly impacts a person's mental health and diabetes outcomes such as glycemic stability and complications. This mini-review examines the research leading to this conclusion as well as the implications for screening and treatment of mental health issues in people with diabetes within an interdisciplinary care model. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched the literature for the past 10 years, including original articles, reviews, and meta-analyses from PubMed and OVID using the search terms diabetes and mental health. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Diabetes is a lifelong burden, and people with the disease grapple with intensive management, financial burden, fear of hypoglycemia, chronic hyperglycemia complications, and diabetes stigma. These stressors have a debilitating emotional impact, making it difficult to carry out diabetes care tasks, which in turn is associated with poorer short-term glycemic stability and greater mental health symptoms. Psychological syndromes related to a diabetes diagnosis, management, or coping with the disease include major depressive disorder, diabetes distress, anxiety, and eating disorders. Providers managing people with diabetes can leverage 4 validated screening instruments to assess for these syndromes. The main psychological interventions studied to treat these mental health conditions include cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive conceptualization, dialectical behavioral therapy, relational therapy, and psychoeducation. CONCLUSION It is pertinent to address the mental health of people with diabetes as rates of psychological syndromes are significantly higher than among those without diabetes. Interdisciplinary care involving endocrinologists, mental health providers, diabetes educators, and medical nutritionists could improve diabetes self-care and glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tenreiro
- University Hospitals Health System, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Betul Hatipoglu
- Diabetes and Metabolic Care Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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18
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Schneider S, Barber TM, Saemann M, Thurston J. Is there anything left to eat? A lived experience insight of following a restrictive type 1 diabetes and dialysis diet. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2025:1-14. [PMID: 39881500 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2454396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease has a global morbidity burden of >10%, with diabetes being a major cause. Nutrition therapy is vital in managing both chronic conditions, yet CKD dietary guidelines contradict healthy eating advice, and can result in major psychological and social burdens. Few studies investigate the patient's experience of being placed on such a restrictive diet. This auto/biographical review provides a unique perspective and aims to assist practitioners as they guide patients on 'what is left to eat.' METHOD An auto/biographical approach, supported by a comprehensive literature review using data from MEDLINE, Embase, and PsychoINFO, was used to answer the question: 'What are the diet and lifestyle challenges of following a restrictive Type 1 Diabetes/CKD dialysis diet?' RESULTS Restrictive dietary and fluid regimes have a major effect on patients' illness beliefs, anxieties, and independence. This is discussed through five themes: Food is belonging; Normal is a Fallacy; Your numbers define you; A disease disguised as a virtue and Meeting the Elephant: ESKD diagnosis and the burden of dialysis. CONCLUSION Dietary intervention is crucial in the management of T1D and ESKD, but equally important is to consider the implications of strict dietary regimes without sufficient evidence, guidance, and support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus Saemann
- 6th Medical Department of Internal Medicine with Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinic Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, Austria
| | - Joanna Thurston
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, UK
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19
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Molla IB, Hagger V, Rothmann MJ, Rasmussen B. The Role of Community Organisation, Religion, Spirituality and Cultural Beliefs on Diabetes Social Support and Self-Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Integrative Literature Review. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2025:10.1007/s10943-024-02233-y. [PMID: 39853664 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025]
Abstract
To examine the evidence for the role of community organisations, religion, spirituality, cultural beliefs, and social support in diabetes self-management, we undertook an integrative literature review utilising MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, and grey literature databases. The selected articles were appraised for quality, and the extracted data were analysed thematically. The search yielded 1586 articles, and after eliminating duplicates, 1434 titles and abstracts were screened, followed by a full-text review of 103 articles. Ultimately, 47 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review, utilising various study designs, including qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods, and nonrandomised clinical trials. These findings indicate that spirituality and religiosity can positively affect diabetes self-management by providing motivation, coping skills, social support, and guidance for healthy behaviours. A strong social support system enhances diabetes self-management and glycaemic control for individuals with diabetes. However, some aspects of religion and culture, such as beliefs about medications, may also pose challenges or barriers to diabetes self-management. Adherence to medication, food choices, physical activity, and the use of complementary or alternative medicine can be influenced by sociocultural factors. Additionally, cultural beliefs and social norms influence understanding diabetes aetiology, management, and symptom reactions. The findings highlight that it is crucial to understand the cultural, religious, or spiritual influences that can either assist or impede self-management habits in individuals with diabetes and could inform interventions that support personalised and effective care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Bekele Molla
- Institute of Health, School of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- The Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Virginia Hagger
- The Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mette Juel Rothmann
- The Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Steno Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bodil Rasmussen
- The Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Steno Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Gera S, Rearson A, Baker G, Douvas JL, Alicea-Trelles N, Gallop RJ, Meighan S, Marks BE. Changes in 90-Day Time in Range Among Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Initiating Different Automated Insulin Delivery Systems. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2025:dgaf006. [PMID: 39813114 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaf006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycemic outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the United States using the two most common automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, Insulet Omnipod 5 (OP5) and Tandem Control IQ (CIQ), have not been compared. We performed the first head-to-head analysis of changes in glycemic metrics among youth initiating AID. METHODS This single center, retrospective study included youth <21 years with T1D, who started OP5 or CIQ between 1/2020 and 12/2023, and had ≥70% CGM active time. 14-day baseline and 90-day CGM and AID data were obtained. A multiple linear regression model assessed for changes in 90-day time in range (TIR) according to AID system, adjusting for covariates. Sub-analyses were conducted according to baseline TIR categories. RESULTS Among the 428 youth included, there were 214 (50%) in each AID group. OP5 users had a shorter T1D duration (1.6 vs 5.5 years, p<0.001) and were more likely to have transitioned from multiple daily injections (76.1% vs 20.1%, p<0.001). Baseline TIR was similar between groups (OP5 51.6% vs CIQ 53.1%, p=0.70). 90-day TIR increased in both groups (p<0.001), rising by 11.8%-points (95% CI[10.4,13.3]) in OP5 users and 9.8%-points (95% CI[8.3,11.2]) in CIQ users, without any significant between group differences (p=0.08). There were no between group differences in 90-day TIR according to categorical baseline TIR. CONCLUSIONS There are no clinically significant differences in 90-day TIR among youth with T1D initiating the two most commonly used AID systems. Patient preference and shared decision making should continue to guide the selection of AID systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gera
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Andrew Rearson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Greyson Baker
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Julia L Douvas
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | | | - Robert J Gallop
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Seema Meighan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Brynn E Marks
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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21
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Teo V, Weinman J, Yap KZ. A cultural adaptation and validation study of the Intentional Nonadherence Scale (INAS) among people with type 2 diabetes in Singapore. J Psychosom Res 2025; 188:111969. [PMID: 39532032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the psychometric properties of the Intentional Non-adherence Scale (INAS) among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (PwT2D) in Singapore. METHODS This study consisted of Phase 1: translation and adaptation of the questionnaire into local Mandarin and English and Phase 2: a longitudinal validation study at the outpatient clinics of a hospital in Singapore. In Phase 1, cognitive interviews were conducted with 20 PwT2D and healthcare providers to examine the content validity of the INAS. In Phase 2, 290 PwT2D were recruited. Fifty-three of them were involved in test-retest reliability analysis, while 185 were followed-up in 3-6 months to assess the predictive validity of the INAS. The INAS was also evaluated for its structural validity, construct validity and internal reliability. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors, namely "Resisting illness and medication", "Sensitivity to medication", "Testing treatment" and "Inconvenience". All INAS factors showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84-0.94) and moderate test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.50-0.62). Construct validity of the INAS was demonstrated in its relationship with medication adherence, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), beliefs about medications, illness perception and mood. Quantile and linear regression for medication adherence and HbA1c in 3-6 months did not show statistical associations with the INAS after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the reliability and most aspects of validity of the INAS, which revealed new factors that may affect medication adherence and HbA1c. In clinical settings, healthcare providers may consider using this questionnaire to evaluate potential intentional nonadherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Teo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore; Division of Pharmacy, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore.
| | - John Weinman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Kai Zhen Yap
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore.
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Aihara M, Yano K, Irie T, Nishi M, Yachiku K, Minoura I, Sekimizu K, Sakurai Y, Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N. Salivary glycated albumin could be as reliable a marker of glycemic control as blood glycated albumin in people with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 218:111903. [PMID: 39447680 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Measurements of diabetes-related biomarkers are necessary to assess glycemic control. The commonly used finger-prick blood glucose and HbA1c measurements are invasive, as is blood glycated albumin (GA) measurement. Therefore, we developed a non-invasive method, namely, measurement of the salivary GA with high accuracy using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. METHODS We recruited participants with diabetes mellitus admitted to The University of Tokyo Hospital. Blood and saliva samples were collected at three time points (fasting and 2-hour postprandial at admission and fasting at discharge). After partial purification using an antibody-based column, the samples were subjected to GA measurement by HPLC method. RESULTS Among the 56 participants with diabetes mellitus enrolled in the study, there was a correlation between the GA levels measured in blood and saliva at the three time points described above (n = 45, R2 = 0.985, P < 0.001; n = 48, R2 = 0.973, P < 0.001; n = 51, R2 = 0.979, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed the associations were maintained even after adjustments for age, BMI, and nephropathy stage. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory research revealed that the salivary GA levels by this method were accurate and might be able to replace blood GA measurement. The home salivary GA measurement is expected to be developed that may reduce the burden and complications in people with diabetes mellitus and improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Aihara
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kouji Yano
- Provigate Inc., University of Tokyo Entrepreneur Plaza, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoko Irie
- Provigate Inc., University of Tokyo Entrepreneur Plaza, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsumi Nishi
- Provigate Inc., University of Tokyo Entrepreneur Plaza, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Yachiku
- Provigate Inc., University of Tokyo Entrepreneur Plaza, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Itsushi Minoura
- Provigate Inc., University of Tokyo Entrepreneur Plaza, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koshin Sekimizu
- Provigate Inc., University of Tokyo Entrepreneur Plaza, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sakurai
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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23
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Al Bayrakdar A. Challenging diabetes mellitus-related stigma with targeted education. Nurs Stand 2024:e12404. [PMID: 39552422 DOI: 10.7748/ns.2024.e12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent chronic metabolic disorder that requires rigorous self-management to prevent complications and maintain health. Managing diabetes can also be psychologically challenging for those living with the condition, significantly affecting their mental health, particularly when diabetes-related stigma manifests as discrimination, social rejection and internalised shame. This article examines how diabetes-related stigma often stems from misconceptions about the condition, but nonetheless can adversely affect the self-care, physical health and quality of life of people living with the condition. The author explains how mitigating this stigma through targeted education, empathic communication and advocacy is essential and explores the pivotal role of nurses in reducing diabetes-related stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Al Bayrakdar
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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24
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Shrestha S, Sapkota S, Acharya K, Chaulagain S, Sayami M, Dahal A, Shakya R, Karmacharya BM. Perspectives of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes on barriers to diabetes care: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:1420. [PMID: 39551734 PMCID: PMC11572125 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11925-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes care incorporates multiple integrated elements like self-care practices, patient education and awareness, societal support, equitable access to healthcare facilities and trained healthcare professionals, commitment from the diabetes associations and government policies. There is a dearth of research exploring the barriers experienced by both People with Type 1 diabetes (PwT1D) and People with Type 2 diabetes (PwT2D) in accessing the holistic elements of diabetes care. This study thus aimed at exploring the perceived barriers among PwT1D and PwT2D in accessing diabetes care services in urban and rural areas of Nepal. METHOD This study was a qualitative research using phenomenological approach where an in-depth interview with 23 participants on insulin was conducted. This included 15 PwT1D and 8 PwT2D, residing in the capital and rural areas and attending the hospitals and clinic in the urban and semi-urban regions in Nepal. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for the interview. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and deductive thematic analysis was done. RESULTS Majority were female participants and most had received a formal education and were visiting the hospitals located in capital city. Mean age for PwT1D was (27.86 ± 1.85) years whereas the median age for PwT2D was [47.5 (IQR, 16.5)] years. Seven themes were generated from the study representing key barriers from patient's perspective. These were: Theme (1) Double stigma: Diabetes diagnosis and insulin use, Theme (2) Non-adherence to insulin and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG), Theme (3) Logistic challenges in rural areas: Scarcity of healthcare professionals and other healthcare facilities, Theme (4) Dissatisfaction with healthcare services, Theme (5) Patients seeking alternative treatment strategies over allopathic treatment, Theme (6) Limitations of health insurance scheme and Theme (7) Limited role of national diabetes organizations. CONCLUSION There is a need in raising awareness among general public especially on T1DM to address the issue of diabetes stigma. An effort in implementation of policies supporting diabetes care and refinement of National Health Insurance Scheme is equally essential. Similarly, strengthening of Health Care System by ensuring availability of insulin, laboratory facilities and trained healthcare professionals in rural areas should be focused to address the inequity in access to healthcare in rural and urban sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Sujata Sapkota
- Department of Pharmacy, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Khagendra Acharya
- Department of Management Informatics and Communication, School of Management, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - Sabin Chaulagain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scheer Memorial Adventist Hospital, Banepa, Nepal
| | - Matina Sayami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Abhinav Dahal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajani Shakya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
| | - Biraj Man Karmacharya
- Department of Public Health and Community Programs, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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25
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Morales-Brown LA, Perez Algorta G, Salifu Y. Understanding Experiences of Diabetes Distress: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:3946553. [PMID: 39574786 PMCID: PMC11581805 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3946553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes distress is a common emotional issue for those living with diabetes, which has the potential to negatively impact well-being, management behaviors, and HbA1c levels. These implications have led to diabetes distress becoming an important consideration in diabetes healthcare and management. Nonetheless, discussions remain ongoing on how to best conceptualize this experience. Recent research has attempted to enhance conceptualization by considering the underlying emotional mechanisms that may underpin the highly contextualized experience of diabetes distress. Qualitative insights can further add to these understandings; however, the research in this remit is yet to be systematically reviewed. This review therefore sought to add to the growing body of literature attempting to better conceptualize diabetes distress and the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to this experience. A secondary aim was to leverage this understanding to consider ways to improve patient-healthcare interactions. Methods: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis was undertaken. Eligible studies were identified through PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases from November 2020 to May 2021. Study quality was assessed using the McMaster Critical Review Form. Results: Nineteen papers were included in the review. The analysis resulted in seven descriptive themes which contributed to three analytical themes: (1) threatened autonomy, (2) sense of helplessness, and (3) negative sense of self. These results highlight that a major area underpinning experiences of diabetes distress is not feeling in control. Conclusions: Consideration should be given to how psychological factors, such as locus of control and learned helplessness, may constitute underlying mechanisms impacting emotional regulation in those experiencing diabetes distress. Clinicians should consider including and leading discussions around distress during appointments, as well as using approaches that promote patient autonomy and empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Anne Morales-Brown
- Department of Health Research, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4AT, UK
| | - Guillermo Perez Algorta
- Department of Health Research, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4AT, UK
| | - Yakubu Salifu
- Department of Health Research, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4AT, UK
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26
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DuBord AY, Paolillo EW, Staffaroni AM. Remote Digital Technologies for the Early Detection and Monitoring of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:1489-1499. [PMID: 37102472 PMCID: PMC11528805 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231171399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for cognitive decline. In neurodegenerative disease research, remote digital cognitive assessments and unobtrusive sensors are gaining traction for their potential to improve early detection and monitoring of cognitive impairment. Given the high prevalence of cognitive impairments in T2D, these digital tools are highly relevant. Further research incorporating remote digital biomarkers of cognition, behavior, and motor functioning may enable comprehensive characterizations of patients with T2D and may ultimately improve clinical care and equitable access to research participation. The aim of this commentary article is to review the feasibility, validity, and limitations of using remote digital cognitive tests and unobtrusive detection methods to identify and monitor cognitive decline in neurodegenerative conditions and apply these insights to patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Y. DuBord
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - Emily W. Paolillo
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam M. Staffaroni
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Rohmann N, Geese T, Nestel S, Schlicht K, Geisler C, Türk K, Brix F, Jensen-Kroll J, Demetrowitsch T, Bang C, Franke A, Lieb W, Schulte DM, Schwarz K, Ruß AK, Sharma A, Schreiber S, Dempfle A, Laudes M. Metabolic and lifestyle factors accelerate disease onset and alter gut microbiome in inflammatory non-communicable diseases. BMC Med 2024; 22:493. [PMID: 39449123 PMCID: PMC11515311 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomedical and lifestyle factors in Western populations have significantly shifted in recent decades, influencing public health and contributing to the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that share inflammation as common pathology. METHODS We investigated the relationship between these factors and 11 NCDs in the cross-sectional FoCus cohort (n = 1220), using logistic regression models. Associations with age-at-disease-onset were specifically analyzed for type 2 diabetes (T2D, low-grade chronic inflammation) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, high-grade chronic inflammation) in disease-specific cohorts (FoCus-T2D, n = 514; IBD-KC, n = 1110). Important factors for disease risk were identified using Cox-PH-regression models and time-to-event analysis. We further explored the interaction between identified risk factors and gut microbiome composition using linear models. RESULTS Lifestyle factors were clearly linked to disease phenotypes, particularly in T2D and IBD. Still, some factors affected only the age-at-onset, but not disease prevalence. High-quality nutrition significantly delayed onset for both IBD and T2D (IBD: HR = 0.81 [0.66; 0.98]; T2D: HR = 0.45 [0.28; 0.72]). Smoking accelerated T2D onset (HR = 1.82 [1.25; 2.65]) but delayed onset in ulcerative colitis (UC: HR = 0.47 [0.28; 0.79]). Higher microbiota diversity delayed IBD onset (Shannon: HR = 0.58 [0.49; 0.71]) but had no effect on T2D. The abundance of specific microbial genera was strongly associated with various biomedical and lifestyle factors in T2D and IBD. In unaffected controls, these effects were smaller or reversed, potentially indicating a greater susceptibility of the gut microbiome to negative influences in T2D and IBD. CONCLUSIONS The dual insights into age-at-disease-onset and gut microbiota composition in disease emphasize the role of certain biomedical and lifestyle factors, e.g., nutrition quality, in disease prevention and management. Understanding these relationships provides a foundation for developing targeted strategies to mitigate the impact of metabolic and inflammatory diseases through lifestyle modifications and gut health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rohmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Theresa Geese
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samantha Nestel
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Corinna Geisler
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Kathrin Türk
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Fynn Brix
- Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Jensen-Kroll
- Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Demetrowitsch
- Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik M Schulte
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, Kiel, 24105, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Ruß
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arunabh Sharma
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, Kiel, 24105, Germany.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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28
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Pearl RL, Li Y, Groshon LC, Hernandez M, Saunders D, Sheynblyum M, Driscoll KA, Gelfand JM, Manavalan P, Montanez-Wiscovich M, Pereira DB, Puhl RM, Wadden TA, Waxenberg LB, Westen SC, Lou XY. Measuring internalized health-related stigma across health conditions: development and validation of the I-HEARTS Scale. BMC Med 2024; 22:435. [PMID: 39379928 PMCID: PMC11463042 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related stigma and its internalization among individuals with chronic health conditions contribute to impaired mental and physical health and quality of life. Research on health-related stigma has been siloed, with disease-specific measures that may not capture the experiences of individuals with multiple health conditions and that prevent comparisons across health conditions. The current study aimed to develop and test a transdiagnostic measure of internalized health-related stigma for use among adults with different physical health conditions. METHODS An existing measure of internalized mental health stigma was adapted to assess stigma due to chronic physical health conditions following COSMIN procedures, with input from advisory boards of community members living with a range of stigmatized health conditions (obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, skin diseases, HIV, chronic pain, and cancers) and of health professionals who specialized in these conditions. The new Internalized Health-Related Stigma (I-HEARTS) Scale was tested in an online sample of 300 adults with these health conditions, recruited from ResearchMatch. Additional psychosocial measures of mental health and quality of life were administered, and participants provided information about their health conditions and demographic characteristics. Exploratory factor analysis and tests of reliability and validity were conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the I-HEARTS Scale, and k-means clustering and receiver of characteristic curve analysis were used to determine a clinically meaningful cutoff score indicating high levels of internalized stigma. RESULTS Factor analysis results yielded a 25-item scale with a 3-factor solution, with subscales of Perceived and Anticipated Stigma, Stereotype Application and Self-Devaluation, and Stigma Resistance. Psychometric properties for internal consistency, inter-item and item-total correlations, and test-retest reliability were strong. Certain demographics (e.g., younger age) and characteristics related to health conditions (e.g., greater symptom severity) were associated with higher levels of internalized stigma. I-HEARTS Scale scores correlated moderately to strongly with related but distinct psychosocial measures, and a cutoff score of 3.40 or higher on the 1-7 rating scale was determined to indicate clinically meaningful levels of internalized stigma. CONCLUSIONS The I-HEARTS Scale is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment of internalized health-related stigma among adults with varied stigmatized chronic health conditions. STUDY PRE-REGISTRATION: https://osf.io/84c5d/?view_only=87238512f6d6475c87f8f64280a8a15f .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pearl
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine and College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laurie C Groshon
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marian Hernandez
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Saunders
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Miriam Sheynblyum
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly A Driscoll
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joel M Gelfand
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Center for Clinical Sciences in Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Preeti Manavalan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Deidre B Pereira
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca M Puhl
- Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lori B Waxenberg
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah C Westen
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Lou
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine and College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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29
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Smith H, James S, Brown F, Gaca M, O'Neal D, Tran-Duy A, Devlin N, Kelly R, Ekinci EI. Health-related quality of life assessment in health economic analyses involving type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15418. [PMID: 39113257 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM Incorporating health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures into health economic analyses can help to provide evidence to inform decisions about how to improve patient outcomes in the most cost-effective manner. The aim of this narrative review was to assess which HRQoL instruments have been used in economic evaluations of type 2 diabetes management including in Indigenous communities. METHOD MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid) and Cochrane were searched from inception to June 2022. Studies included patients with type 2 diabetes; economic evaluations, derived scores from direct questioning of individuals; and were in English. Records were assessed for bias using the JBI critical appraisal tools. RESULTS A total of 3737 records were identified, with 22 publications meeting the criteria for inclusion. Across those 22 articles, nine HRQoL instruments had been utilised. Generic tools were most frequently used to measure HRQoL, including EQ-5D (-3 L and -5 L) (n = 10, 38%); SF-12 (n = 5, 19%); and SF-36 (n = 4, 15%). Two tools addressing the specific stressors faced by people with type 2 diabetes were utilised: Problem Areas In Diabetes tool (n = 1, 4%) and Diabetes Distress Scale (n = 1, 4%). Two publications reported whether the study population included Indigenous peoples. CONCLUSION A wide range of HRQoL instruments are used in economic evaluations of type 2 diabetes management, with the most frequent being varying forms of the EQ-5D. Few economic evaluations noted whether Indigenous peoples were featured in the study population. More research into HRQoL in people living with type 2 diabetes is urgently needed to improve evidence on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven James
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fran Brown
- Melbourne Diabetes Education and Support, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele Gaca
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations (ACADI), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations (ACADI), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - An Tran-Duy
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations (ACADI), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Methods and Implementation Support for Clinical and Health research (MISCH) Hub, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nancy Devlin
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ray Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations (ACADI), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations (ACADI), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Bennett BL, Puhl RM. Physicians' stigmatizing attitudes about individuals with type 2 diabetes: Associations with communication practices and perceived barriers to care. Prim Care Diabetes 2024; 18:518-524. [PMID: 39048399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The stigma of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has received growing attention in the healthcare setting. However, there has been almost no research examining how healthcare professional biases about diabetes relate to patient care. This cross-sectional study examined how physicians' self-reported biases, stereotypes, and attributions about diabetes and obesity were related to their patient care practices. METHODS Physicians treating T2D, specializing in internal medicine or endocrinology (n=205), completed a battery of online questionnaires. RESULTS Physicians who attributed poor patient compliance as the primary barrier to provision of diabetes care had worse perceptions of individuals with T2D and were less likely to use person-centered approaches with their patients. Physicians' stigmatizing attitudes about T2D were associated with less use of person-first language, while more positive perceptions of individuals with T2D were associated with greater use of motivational interviewing. Weight-related stigma was associated with less use of person-centered approaches to care and less confidence in their ability to provide care. CONCLUSIONS Findings reiterate the associations between weight stigma and poorer physician communication and suggest that similar patterns occur in the provision of care for individuals with T2D. Physicians who treat T2D may benefit from stigma reduction interventions for both diabetes and weight-related stigmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Bennett
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, 321 Calhoun Dr, Brackett Hall 418, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Rudd Center for Food Policy & Health, University of Connecticut, 1 Constitution Plaza, Suite 600, Hartford, CT 06103, USA.
| | - Rebecca M Puhl
- Rudd Center for Food Policy & Health, University of Connecticut, 1 Constitution Plaza, Suite 600, Hartford, CT 06103, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Road, U-1058, Storrs, CT 06269-1058, USA.
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31
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Burton AE, Owen A, Taylor J, Dean SE, Povey R. A World Café Approach to Exploring Perspectives on Diabetes Stigma in the United Kingdom. Health Expect 2024; 27:e70023. [PMID: 39238333 PMCID: PMC11377845 DOI: 10.1111/hex.70023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has found that a high percentage of people with diabetes experience stigma, with perceptions of stigma being significantly higher among people with Type 1 diabetes compared to those with Type 2 diabetes. These experiences of diabetes stigma can lead to psychological, behavioural and medical consequences. The aim of the current study was to explore the perceptions of diabetes stigma and propose strategies for addressing this from the perspective of key stakeholders. METHODS A mixed methods design was used, commencing with an online qualitative survey (n = 128) and followed by a World Café (n = 11), where attendees reflected on their own experiences with stigma and discussed the survey findings. RESULTS The survey indicated that 75% of those with Type 1 diabetes and 51% with Type 2 had experienced diabetes stigma. The World Café identified three main areas that participants felt impacted their experiences with stigma or had the potential to help improve stigma: healthcare interactions, public awareness and media representations. CONCLUSIONS The findings supported previous research showing that diabetes stigma is prevalent among people with diabetes. The World Café was an excellent means of sharing knowledge and experiences among stakeholders, the findings of which will inform strategies to bring about change. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION World Café is a collaborative method where stakeholders contribute to the production and analysis of data through rounds of discussion and feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Elizabeth Burton
- Centre for Applied Psychology and Performance, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Alison Owen
- Centre for Applied Psychology and Performance, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Jennifer Taylor
- Centre for Applied Psychology and Performance, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Dean
- Centre for Applied Psychology and Performance, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Rachel Povey
- Centre for Applied Psychology and Performance, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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Halliday S, Rao D, Augusto O, Poongothai S, Sosale A, Sridhar GR, Tandon N, Sagar R, Patel SA, Narayan KMV, Johnson LCM, Wagenaar BH, Huh D, Flaherty BP, Chwastiak LA, Ali MK, Mohan V. A mediation analysis evaluating change in self-stigma on diabetes outcomes among people with depression in urban India: A secondary analysis from the INDEPENDENT trial of the collaborative care model. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003624. [PMID: 39231130 PMCID: PMC11373850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Self-stigma-the internalization of negative community attitudes and beliefs about a disease or condition-represents an important barrier to improving patient care outcomes for people living with common mental disorders and diabetes. Integrated behavioral healthcare interventions are recognized as evidence-based approaches to improve access to behavioral healthcare and for improving patient outcomes, including for those with comorbid diabetes, yet their impact on addressing self-stigma remains unclear. Using secondary data from the Integrating Depression and Diabetes Treatment (INDEPENDENT) study-a trial that aimed to improve diabetes outcomes for people with undertreated and comorbid depression in four urban Indian cities via the Collaborative Care Model-we longitudinally analyzed self-stigma scores and evaluated whether change in total self-stigma scores on diabetes outcomes is mediated by depressive symptom severity. Self-stigma scores did not differ longitudinally comparing Collaborative Care Model participants to enhanced standard-of-care participants (mean monthly rate of change in Self-Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness-4 Item scores; B = 0.0087; 95% CI: -0.0018, 0.019, P = .10). Decreases in total self-stigma scores over 12 months predicted diabetes outcomes at 12 months (HbA1c, total effect; B = 0.070 95%CI: 0.0032, 0.14; P < .05), however depressive symptoms did not mediate this relationship (average direct effect; B = 0.064; 95% CI: -0.0043, 0.13, P = .069). Considering the local and plural notions of stigma in India, further research is needed on culturally grounded approaches to measure and address stigma in India, and on the role of integrated care delivery models alongside multi-level stigma reduction interventions. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02022111. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02022111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Halliday
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deepa Rao
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Orvalho Augusto
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- Manhiça Health Research Centre (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Subramani Poongothai
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Aravind Sosale
- Diabetes Care and Research Center, Diacon Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani A Patel
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Leslie C M Johnson
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bradley H Wagenaar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Huh
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian P Flaherty
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lydia A Chwastiak
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
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Bransteter I, McVoy M, Miller DW, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Segall TL, Divan MK, Surdam J, Sajatovic M, Dusek JA. Barriers and Facilitators to Incorporating an Integrative Mind-Body Intervention in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes. JAACAP OPEN 2024; 2:208-216. [PMID: 39552817 PMCID: PMC11562543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective There has been little to no qualitative research done with adolescents and young adults (AYA) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that can guide creation of interventions for this demographic. Using qualitative research methods, a novel mind-body intervention called Intervention for Early Onset Type 2 Diabetes (INTEND) has been developed for AYA aged 15 to 20 years, with the goal of improving self-management and coping skills, by enhancing routine care with augmented education coupled with mind-body skills. Method Qualitative interviews with AYA 15 to 20 years of age with T2D, their parents, and professionals caring specifically for this population were done through a focus group model. Transcripts were created, depersonalized, and coded using a Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method. Identified themes then guided the creation of course materials that included education about self-management of T2D and how to use the 4 mind-body technique toward self-care and regulation. Results The qualitative approach used in the development of this intervention revealed important findings in understanding key barriers faced by this group, key facilitators that improve their quality of life, and core components of an intervention that would be acceptable to them. Conclusion Results of this qualitative study helped craft an intervention tool that can subsequently be deployed and evaluated for effectiveness. Findings of the qualitative research model allow us to better understand the lived experience of AYA living with T2D. Clinical guidance •Stigma of type 2 diabetes in adolescents may interfere with patients' ability to adequately adhere to treatment recommendations•Clinicians need to identify social supports for adolescents with type 2 diabetes•Identifying family members and including them in treatment plans may help adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bransteter
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Molly McVoy
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Rainbow Babies and Children, UHCMC, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Rose A. Gubitosi-Klug
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Rainbow Babies and Children, UHCMC, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Mina K. Divan
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jessica Surdam
- University Hospitals Connor Whole Health, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Martha Sajatovic
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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Glatzer T, Ehrmann D, Gehr B, Penalba Martinez MT, Onvlee J, Bucklar G, Hofer M, Stangs M, Wolf N. Clinical Usage and Potential Benefits of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring Predict App. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:1009-1013. [PMID: 39158995 PMCID: PMC11418506 DOI: 10.1177/19322968241268353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has become an increasingly important tool for self-management in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this paper, we discuss recommendations on how to implement predictive features provided by the Accu-Chek SmartGuide Predict app in clinical practice. The Predict app's features are aimed at ultimately reducing diabetes stress and fear of hypoglycemia in people with DM. Furthermore, we explore the use cases and potential benefits of continuous glucose prediction, predictions of low glucose, and nocturnal hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic Ehrmann
- Research Institute of the Diabetes-Academy Bad Mergentheim (FIDAM), Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Joannet Onvlee
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Nora Wolf
- Roche Diabetes Care GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
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Glatzer T, Ringemann C, Militz D, Mueller-Hoffmann W. Concept and Implementation of a Novel Continuous Glucose Monitoring Solution With Glucose Predictions on Board. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:1004-1008. [PMID: 39158990 PMCID: PMC11418471 DOI: 10.1177/19322968241269927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The recently CE-marked continuous real-time glucose monitoring (rtCGM) solution Accu-Chek® (AC) SmartGuide Solution was developed to enable people with diabetes mellitus (DM) to proactively control their glucose levels using predictive technologies. The comprehensive solution consists of three components that harmonize well with each other. The CGM device is composed of a sensor applicator and a glucose sensor patch whose data are transferred to the connected smartphone by Bluetooth® Low Energy. The user interface of the CGM solution is powered by the AC SmartGuide app delivering current and past glucose metrics, and the AC SmartGuide Predict app providing a glucose prediction suite enabled by artificial intelligence (AI). This article describes the innovative CGM solution.
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Ly AL, Flynn PM, Betancourt HM. Cultural Beliefs About Diabetes-Related Social Exclusion and Diabetes Distress Impact Self-Care Behaviors and HbA1c Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:491-502. [PMID: 37254029 PMCID: PMC11269335 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disproportionally impacts Latin Americans (Latinos) in the U.S. compared to non-Latino Whites, as reflected by an increased risk for disease complications and higher mortality rates. Guided by an Integrative Model of Culture, Psychological Processes, and Health Behavior, the purpose of the present study was to examine the role of cultural beliefs and diabetes distress as determinants of self-care behaviors and HbA1c among Latino patients with T2DM. METHODS Participants included 109 Latino patients with T2DM recruited from a diabetes treatment center located in a region of Southern California with high diabetes mortality rates. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the extent to which cultural beliefs about diabetes-related social exclusion and diabetes distress impact self-care behaviors and self-reported HbA1c. RESULTS Consistent with the study hypotheses, cultural beliefs about diabetes-related social exclusion predicted diabetes distress, which in turn predicted poor diabetes self-care. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest an important need for intervention efforts that address both cultural and psychological factors in order to improve diabetes self-care behaviors and associated disease outcomes among Latino patients with T2DM. Future research could benefit from investigating protective aspects of culture that could help counter the negative implications of cultural beliefs about social exclusion and diabetes distress associated with poor self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert L Ly
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Patricia M Flynn
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Housni A, Katz A, Kichler JC, Nakhla M, Secours L, Brazeau AS. Predictors of stigma perception by people with type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional analysis of the BETTER registry. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103112. [PMID: 39236506 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates stigma predictors across ages and genders, addressing a critical gap in understanding diverse populations to reduce related suboptimal clinical and psychosocial outcomes. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of self-reported data from BETTER, a Canadian registry of people with type 1 diabetes. Participants (n = 709) completed the 19-item-Diabetes-Stigma Assessment-Scale (DSAS-1) categorized into treated differently, blame and judgment, and identity concerns sub-scales. Associations with diabetes distress (DDS-17-score/102), depression (PHQ-9-score/27), social-support (ESSI-score/34), fear of hypoglycemia (HFS-II-score/132), and hyperglycemia-avoidance-behaviours (HAS-score/88) were computed. RESULTS Perceived stigma was highest in youth aged 14-24 years (46·0 ± 15·6, p < 0·001) and women (41·2 ± 15·7, p = 0·009), compared to other age groups and men. Blame and Judgment contributed to most of stigma perception. Youth perceived significantly more blame and judgment (p < 0·001) and identity concerns (p = 0·001) compared to middle-aged adults and seniors. Women perceive significantly more blame and judgment compared to men (p < 0·001). The perception of being treated differently was not reported to be an issue across ages and genders. Participants with higher scores of depression, diabetes-distress, fear of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia-avoidance behaviours, and lesser social-support, reported increased stigma. CONCLUSIONS Stigma varies by age and gender, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to reduce it. Challenging stereotypes and reducing stigma-related stressors are essential for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Housni
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Katz
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jessica C Kichler
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Deall T, Wright T. Understanding the Negative Effect of Stigma: A Pediatrician's Guide to Employing Anti-stigma Language/Care to Improve Engagement and Outcomes. Adv Pediatr 2024; 71:17-27. [PMID: 38944482 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
A primer for pediatric providers on understanding stigma in health care, the terminology and types of stigma, the conditions commonly faced with stigma in pediatrics, the components of evidence-based anti-stigma initiatives, and guidance to effect change within a pediatric practice. The authors outline the negative effects of stigma in pediatrics and how to combat the problem at the source, and explore self-stigma, public stigma, and structural stigma and how it applies to weight, diabetes, disability, HIV, mental health, and substance use in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Deall
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, USF Morsani College of Medicine, 5 Tampa General Circle, HMT 4th Floor- Suite 450, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Tanner Wright
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, USF Morsani College of Medicine, 5 Tampa General Circle, HMT 4th Floor- Suite 450, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
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Barnard-Kelly KD, Martínez-Brocca MA, Glatzer T, Oliver N. Identifying the deficiencies of currently available CGM to improve uptake and benefit. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15338. [PMID: 38736324 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The use of diabetes technologies is increasing worldwide, with health systems facilitating improved access to devices. Continuous glucose monitoring is a complex intervention that provides information on glucose concentration, rate and direction of change, historical data and alerts and alarms for extremes of glucose. These data do not themselves change glycaemia and require translation to a meaningful action for impact. It is, therefore, crucial that such systems advance to better meet the needs of individuals using them. METHODS Narrative review of the use of, engagement with, limitations and unmet needs of continuous glucose monitoring systems. RESULTS CGM devices have made a significant contribution to the self-management of diabetes; however, challenges with access and user experience persist, with multiple limitations to uptake and benefit. These limitations include physical size and implementation, with associated stigma, alarm fatigue, sleep disturbance and the challenge of addressing large volumes of real-time data. Greater personalisation throughout the continuous glucose monitoring journey, with a focus on usability, may improve the benefits derived from the device and reduce the burden of self-management. Healthcare professionals may have unconscious biases that affect the provision of continuous glucose monitors due to deprivation, education, age, ethnicity and other characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Continuous glucose monitoring exerts a dose-dependent response; the more it is used, the more effective it is. For optimal use, continuous glucose monitors must not just reduce the burden of management in one dimension but facilitate net improvement in all domains of self-management for all users.
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Eitel KB, Pihoker C, Barrett CE, Roberts AJ. Diabetes Stigma and Clinical Outcomes: An International Review. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae136. [PMID: 39105174 PMCID: PMC11299019 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes stigma is the social burden of living with diabetes. People with diabetes may experience or perceive an adverse social judgment, prejudice, or stereotype about living with diabetes at work, school, in healthcare settings, popular culture, or relationships. This review describes the methods that have been used to assess diabetes stigma, and explores the prevalence of diabetes stigma, associated sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, cultural factors, and how diabetes stigma is associated with clinical outcomes, including HbA1c levels, diabetic ketoacidosis, severe hypoglycemia, and chronic complications, in addition to psychosocial complications in youth, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The prevalence of diabetes stigma has been reported as high as 78% in adults with T1D, 70% in adults with T2D, 98% in youth and adolescents with T1D, and is unknown in youth and adolescents with T2D. Diabetes stigma has been associated with lower psychosocial functioning, decreased self-care behaviors, higher HbA1c levels, and higher frequency of diabetes complications in adults with T1D and T2D. In adolescents and young adults with T1D, diabetes stigma is associated with lower psychosocial functioning, higher HbA1c levels, and higher frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia episodes in addition to chronic complications. In youth and adolescents with T2D, one study demonstrated an association of diabetes stigma with lower psychosocial functioning, higher HbA1c levels, and presence of retinopathy. Gaps exist in our understanding of the mechanisms of diabetes stigma, particularly in youth and adolescents with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey B Eitel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Catherine Pihoker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | | | - Alissa J Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Sadeghi D. Improving Adherence to Treatment in Patients With Diabetes: Practical Strategies. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e00512. [PMID: 39001574 PMCID: PMC11245562 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donya Sadeghi
- Faculty of Nursing and MidwiferyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Abstract
AIMS Considerable number of studies in the existing literature indicate the existence of stigma related to many diseases, disabilities, and disorders, but less attention has been given to diabetes-related stigma. This narrative review of literature aims to explore the existence of stigma surrounding type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS Literature were searched using search engines, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus electronic databases published from year 2000 to 2020. Both qualitative and quantitative studies focusing on the stigma associated with T1DM were included. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of collected research material was done. RESULTS Results provided substantial evidence that stigma associated with T1DM was experienced by T1DM patients and their caregivers at some point in their lives and it had affected their lives in different domains such as difficulty finding a spouse, discrimination at employment opportunities, educational institutions, management of disease, being misjudged as a druggie, poor quality of life of the patient and caregiver, depressive symptoms among parents of patients, constant worrying of their child's disease management, and so on. CONCLUSION Stigma related to T1DM is experienced by individuals suffering from it, and it is widespread. It not only affects the sufferers but their loved ones also. To reduce and cope-up with stigma, there is a need to increase public education and awareness at a mass level. Further research and awareness will serve to build our understanding of the experience of diabetes-related stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaur
- Research Scholar (UGC-SRF), Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - A K Sinha
- Professor, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Lindgreen P, Willaing I, Clausen L, Ismail K, Grønbæk HN, Andersen CH, Persson F, Cleal B. "I Haven't Told Anyone but You": Experiences and Biopsychosocial Support Needs of People With Type 2 Diabetes and Binge Eating. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:621-634. [PMID: 38183221 PMCID: PMC11103901 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231223367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Up to 25% of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may binge eat which is almost 10 times as many as in the general population. Binge eating is associated with depression, anxiety, and social isolation. Moreover, binge eating may increase the risk of obesity and high blood glucose levels, both of which can accelerate the onset of complications to diabetes and death in people with T2D. Still, little is known about the experiences, needs, and preferences of people with T2D and binge eating that can inform and develop current and future treatment efforts. The aim of the study was therefore to gain in-depth insights into the experiences and biopsychosocial support needs of women and men with T2D and binge eating. Twenty semi-structured individual interviews (65% with females) were conducted and analyzed according to the methodology of Interpretive Description. Four themes were identified: (a) T2D and binge eating: Feeling trapped in a vicious circle; (b) Unwanted outcasts: Responding to continuous criticism; (c) Biomedical relief: Blaming and adjusting the body; and, (d) Silent struggles: Wanting to cease the secrecy. Pertinent to all themes were the guilt, shame, and worries about developing complications that the participants experienced when binge eating despite having T2D. Although binge eating triggered emotional distress, binge eating was at the same time a way of coping with such distress. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed, including the need to systematically assess and address binge eating in routine T2D care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Willaing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loa Clausen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Khalida Ismail
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Bryan Cleal
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Kumar R, Mohammadnezhad M, Khan S. Perception of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients on diabetes self-care management in Fiji. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304708. [PMID: 38820419 PMCID: PMC11142515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of diabetes has increased globally where Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is more common than any other type of diabetes. Self- care management education of diabetes provides skills and information for diabetic patients to effectively perform their own self diabetic self-care for optimum glycemic index control. As T2DM is a growing health issue in Fiji, promoting diabetes self manages among patients is a need, however there is lack of evidence in this regard. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the perception of T2DM patients on diabetic self-care management. METHOD This study used a qualitative method among T2DM patients regarding diabetic self-care management in Central Division, Fiji in 2022. This study was conducted in SOPD (Special Out Patient Department) clinics in the three chosen governmental health centers in the central division of Fiji. The study sample inclusion criteria were only T2DM patients, and no other types of diabetes, patients who are 18years and above, patients who are attending clinic at least for more than 6 months, self-identified as Fijian participants of any ethnicity or gender. The study settings were also purposively selected but the study sample was selected using purposive sampling. In depth interview using semi-structured open-ended questionnaires was used to collect data. Thematic analysis was done, followed by reviewing themes, defining and naming them. RESULTS Thirty patients participated in this study. Five major themes emerged from the in-depth interview including; patient factors that affect diabetes self-care management, behavior and attitude towards T2DM self-care management, health services delivery, challenges and barriers faced by patients to perform diabetes self-care management, and recommendations to improve patient self-care management. Patients in this study have good knowledge about T2DM and the self-care management they have to perform. It is the patients' attitude and behavior towards T2DM self-care management that affects patients to perform self-care management. The study also showed patients have gained good knowledge from Health Care Workers (HCW). Socio-economic and psychological status also played a vital part in patients' self-care management. Apart from challenges, there were opportunities to learn the difficulties patients face in order to perform self-care management. CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed a combination of individual, cultural, and health systematic related factors as the mots influencer of diabetes self-management among patients in Fiji. Patients have to take ownership of their own health in order to improve their blood sugar reading and reduce complication of diabetes. Tailored interventions that consider patients' belief and address potential challenges would be useful. A lot is needed in terms of upgrading facilities for the comfort of patients and need to collaborate more with other multidisciplinary team and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Kumar
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Masoud Mohammadnezhad
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Science. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sabiha Khan
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
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Ma Y, Law K, Hassan L, Nenadic G, van der Veer SN. Experiences and Views of Young People and Health Care Professionals of Using Social Media to Self-Manage Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024; 7:e56919. [PMID: 38809591 PMCID: PMC11170052 DOI: 10.2196/56919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media have shown the potential to support type 1 diabetes self-management by providing informational, emotional, and peer-to-peer support. However, the perceptions of young people and health care professionals' (HCPs) toward the use of social media for type 1 diabetes self-management have not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore and summarize the experiences and views of young people with type 1 diabetes and their HCPs on using social media for self-management across qualitative findings. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from 2012 to 2023 using Medical Subject Heading terms and text words related to type 1 diabetes and social media. We screened and selected the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We quality appraised and characterized the included studies and conducted a thematic synthesis. RESULTS We included 11 studies in our synthesis. A total of 9 of them were qualitative and 2 were mixed methods studies. Ten focused on young people with type 1 diabetes and 1 on HCPs. All used content analysis and were of moderate to high quality. Thirteen descriptive themes were yielded by our thematic synthesis, contributing to five analytic themes: (1) differences in how young people interact with social media, (2) characteristics of social media platforms that influence their use and uptake for type 1 diabetes self-management, (3) social media as a source of information, (4) impact on young people's coping and emotional well-being, and (5) impact on support from and relationships with HCPs and services. CONCLUSIONS The synthesis suggests that we should consider leveraging social media's peer support capabilities to augment the traditional services for young people with type 1 diabetes. However, the patients may have privacy concerns about HCPs' involvement in their online activities. This warrants an update of existing guidelines to help young people use social media safely for self-managing their diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Ma
- School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Law
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lamiece Hassan
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Goran Nenadic
- School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine N van der Veer
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Akyirem S, Ekpor E. Experience of stigma among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review. Int Health 2024; 16:231-239. [PMID: 37366652 PMCID: PMC11062194 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes stigma is a pervasive social phenomenon with significant impacts on individuals living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite the negative health impact of diabetes stigma, little is known about the experience of this phenomenon in Africa. This review aimed to synthesize existing quantitative and qualitative studies that examine the experiences and outcomes of T2DM stigma in Africa. A mixed studies review methodology was utilized to conduct this research. Relevant articles were identified by searching the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases. The mixed method appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Of 2626 records identified, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of diabetes stigma was as high as 70%. The results of the review indicate that individuals with T2DM in Africa are labelled as 'having HIV', 'nearing their death' and 'wasting resources'. These experiences were associated with low quality of life, disease concealment and avoidance of self-management behaviours. The findings highlight the urgent need for further stigma-centric studies to fully understand how T2DM stigma is experienced in Africa. The evidence from such studies would inform the development and evaluation of effective interventions to address this social consequence of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Akyirem
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Emmanuel Ekpor
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Christian Health Association of Ghana, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Sato J, Nakajima K, Mita T, Koshibu M, Sato A, Goto H, Ikeda F, Nishida Y, Aso K, Watada H. Protocol of a Prospective Observational Study on Lifestyle and Quality of Life in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in Japan. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:883-892. [PMID: 38363542 PMCID: PMC10951137 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that the quality of life (QOL) of people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is poor and must be improved. However, the living situation and QOL of adults living with T1D in Japan have not been fully clarified. This study will examine their lifestyle, QOL, and clinical situation, as well as the relationships between them. METHODS This is a prospective, 5-year follow-up observational study. Between December 2019 and September 2021, we enrolled adults in Japan who were living with T1D and receiving insulin therapy, and are acquiring longitudinal clinical data and the responses to seven questionnaires regarding lifestyle and QOL. The primary study outcomes are (1) the relationship between Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scores and various factors including demographic data, clinical characteristics, medical history, lifestyle habits, treatment history, biochemical data, and the scores of questionnaires; and (2) the relationship between Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II scores and various factors aforementioned. The secondary outcomes are the relationships between various factors aforementioned and each of the following: (1) blood glucose control, (2) blood lipid control, (3) dietary patterns, (4) fear of hypoglycemia, (5) sleep patterns, and (6) physical activity. PLANNED OUTCOME We registered 352 participants. The median age was 49 (41-63) years, and the median duration of T1D was 13 (8-20) years. All the results will be available in 2026. We expect to clarify the factors associated with decreased QOL, and that this knowledge will contribute to improving QOL in adults in Japan who are living with T1D and receiving insulin therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov identifier, UMIN000044088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Sato
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mita
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mami Koshibu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ayako Sato
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Goto
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Fuki Ikeda
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Katsumi Aso
- Aso Clinic, 11-1 Tsutsui-cho, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, 410-0041, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Dickinson JK, Posesorski RE, Djiovanis SG, Brady VJ. Impact of Negative or Stigmatizing Messages on Diabetes Outcomes: An Integrative Review. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care 2024; 50:167-178. [PMID: 38454649 DOI: 10.1177/26350106241232644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to determine if negative or stigmatizing language and messaging have an impact on diabetes distress, outcomes, or care behaviors in people with diabetes. Since 2012, when the first language position statement was published, the way health care professionals talk to people with diabetes has been an ongoing topic of discussion. However, there have been no recent literature reviews evaluating the impact of problem language on outcomes among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS An integrative review was conducted using 4 electronic databases: CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Medline (Ovid). Studies reporting on diabetes, language, stigma, diabetes distress, glycemic outcomes, and self-care behaviors were included. RESULTS The review included 9 studies, all of which were of high quality. The impact of negative or stigmatizing language on self-care behaviors was the most commonly addressed outcome. Whereas some studies revealed no change, others reported a decrease in self-care behaviors by people with diabetes who had negative perceptions of provider messages. Actual or perceived use of negative or stigmatizing language is linked to higher A1C. Four studies reported an association between messages and diabetes distress. CONCLUSIONS Negative/stigmatizing language has both an immediate and long-term effect on people with diabetes. The inconsistent approaches to studying language in diabetes makes it challenging to compare outcomes and identify themes. Future research is needed to identify effective interventions to change the messages in diabetes.
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Yeung NCY, Lee EKP, Kong APS, Leung MKW. "Shame on Me": Exploring the Role of Self-Stigma in Psychological Outcomes Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Hong Kong. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:241-251. [PMID: 37010798 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at risk of self-stigmatization (i.e., internalized sense of shame about having diabetes). Self-stigma has been found to be associated with poorer psychological outcomes among chronic disease patients; relevant studies examining such an association and its psychosocial mechanisms are scarce among Chinese T2DM patients. This study aimed to examine the association between self-stigma and psychological outcomes among T2DM patients in Hong Kong. Self-stigma was hypothesized to be associated with higher psychological distress and lower quality of life (QoL). Such associations were also hypothesized to be mediated by lower perceived social support, lower self-care self-efficacy, plus higher self-perceived burden to significant others. METHODS T2DM patients (N = 206) recruited from hospitals and clinics in Hong Kong were invited to complete a cross-sectional survey measuring the aforementioned variables. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, multiple mediation analysis results indicated the indirect effects from self-stigma to psychological distress via increased self-perceived burden (β = 0.07; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.15) and decreased self-care self-efficacy (β = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.11) were significant. Moreover, the indirect effect from self-stigma to QoL via decreased self-care self-efficacy was also significant (β = -0.07; 95% CI = -0.14, -0.02). After considering the mediators, the direct effects from self-stigma to higher psychological distress and lower QoL remained significant (βs = 0.15 and -0.15 respectively, ps < .05). CONCLUSIONS Self-stigma could be linked to poorer psychological outcomes through increased self-perceived burden and decreased self-care self-efficacy among T2DM patients. Targeting those variables when designing interventions might facilitate those patients' psychological adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson C Y Yeung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Room 508, Postgraduate Education Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Eric Kam Pui Lee
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Noonan D, Jackson J, Ghazaleh HA, Mcdermott MS, Sang E, Duaso MJ. The Experiences of People Who Smoke With Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Interview Study Using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior Model. J Addict Nurs 2024; 35:99-106. [PMID: 38829999 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Few interventions to support smoking cessation include content specifically about diabetes. This is problematic, as people with diabetes face unique challenges when they stop smoking. The purpose of this study was to understand patients' needs and challenges in relation to smoking with Type 2 diabetes and assess the acceptability of a text message intervention to support smoking cessation. People who smoke and have Type 2 diabetes in the United States and the United Kingdom were recruited to participate in semistructured interviews (n = 20), guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior model. A combination of inductive and deductive approaches with framework analysis was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the participants' experiences related to the constructs of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior model and the categories of mental health and diabetes distress were also notable parts of their experiences. Results can be used to guide intervention development in this unique group.
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