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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Zhang X, Ohayon-Steckel L, Coppin E, Johny E, Dasari A, Florentin J, Vasamsetti S, Dutta P. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Hepatic Endothelial Cells Suppresses MCP-1-Dependent Monocyte Recruitment in Diabetes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1363-1371. [PMID: 36946774 PMCID: PMC10121888 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a compromised response to insulin in target tissues such as liver. Emerging evidence shows that vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are critical in mediating glucose metabolism. However, how liver ECs can regulate inflammation in the setting of insulin resistance is still unknown. Using genome-wide transcriptome analysis of ECs isolated from diabetic mice, we found enrichment of the genes involved in epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) signaling. In line with this, hepatic sinusoidal ECs in diabetic mice had elevated levels of Egfr expression. Interestingly, we found an increased number of hepatic myeloid cells, especially macrophages, and systemic glucose intolerance in Cdh5Cre/+Egfrfl/fl mice lacking Egfr in ECs compared with littermate control mice with type II diabetes. Egfr deficiency upregulated the expression of MCP-1 in hepatic sinusoidal ECs. This resulted in augmented monocyte recruitment and macrophage differentiation in Cdh5Cre/+Egfrfl/fl mice compared with littermate control mice as determined by a mouse model of parabiosis. Finally, MCP-1 neutralization and hepatic macrophage depletion in Cdh5Cre/+Egfrfl/fl mice resulted in a reduced number of hepatic macrophages and ameliorated glucose intolerance compared with the control groups. Collectively, these results demonstrate a protective endothelial Egfr signaling in reducing monocyte-mediated hepatic inflammation and glucose intolerance in type II diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lee Ohayon-Steckel
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Emilie Coppin
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ebin Johny
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ankush Dasari
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sathish Vasamsetti
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
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3
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Epiregulin as an Alternative Ligand for Leptin Receptor Alleviates Glucose Intolerance without Change in Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030425. [PMID: 35159237 PMCID: PMC8834548 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The leptin receptor (LepR) acts as a signaling nexus for the regulation of glucose uptake and obesity, among other metabolic responses. The functional role of LepR under leptin-deficient conditions remains unclear. This study reports that epiregulin (EREG) governed glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo in Lepob mice by activating LepR under leptin-deficient conditions. Single and long-term treatment with EREG effectively rescued glucose intolerance in comparative insulin and EREG tolerance tests in Lepob mice. The immunoprecipitation study revealed binding between EREG and LepR in adipose tissue of Lepob mice. EREG/LepR regulated glucose uptake without changes in obesity in Lepob mice via mechanisms, including ERK activation and translocation of GLUT4 to the cell surface. EREG-dependent glucose uptake was abolished in Leprdb mice which supports a key role of LepR in this process. In contrast, inhibition of the canonical epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway implicated in other EREG responses, increased glucose uptake. Our data provide a basis for understanding glycemic responses of EREG that are dependent on LepR unlike functions mediated by EGFR, including leptin secretion, thermogenesis, pain, growth, and other responses. The computational analysis identified a conserved amino acid sequence, supporting an evolutionary role of EREG as an alternative LepR ligand.
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Geffroy B, Besson M, Sánchez-Baizán N, Clota F, Goikoetxea A, Sadoul B, Ruelle F, Blanc MO, Parrinello H, Hermet S, Blondeau-Bidet E, Pratlong M, Piferrer F, Vandeputte M, Allal F. Unraveling the genotype by environment interaction in a thermosensitive fish with a polygenic sex determination system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2112660118. [PMID: 34880131 PMCID: PMC8685686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112660118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In most animals, sex determination occurs at conception, when sex chromosomes are segregated following Mendelian laws. However, in multiple reptiles and fishes, this genetic sex can be overridden by external factors after fertilization or birth. In some species, the genetic sex may also be governed by multiple genes, further limiting our understanding of sex determination in such species. We used the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) as a model and combined genomic (using a single nucleotide polymorphism chip) and transcriptomic (RNA-Sequencing) approaches to thoroughly depict this polygenic sex determination system and its interaction with temperature. We estimated genetic sex tendency (eGST), defined as the estimated genetic liability to become a given sex under a liability threshold model for sex determination, which accurately predicts the future phenotypic sex. We found evidence that energetic pathways, concerning the regulation of lipids and glucose, are involved in sex determination and could explain why females tend to exhibit higher energy levels and improved growth compared to males. Besides, early exposure to high-temperature up-regulated sox3, followed by sox9a in individuals with intermediate eGST, but not in individuals showing highly female-biased eGST, providing the most parsimonious explanation for temperature-induced masculinization. This gonadal state was maintained likely by DNA methylation and the up-regulation of several genes involved in histone modifications, including jmjd1c Overall, we describe a sex determination system resulting from continuous genetic and environmental influences in an animal. Our results provide significant progress in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying temperature-induced masculinization in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France;
| | - Mathieu Besson
- SYSAAF, Station LPGP/INRAE, 35042 Rennes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Núria Sánchez-Baizán
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Clota
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Bastien Sadoul
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - François Ruelle
- Laboratoire Service d'Expérimentations Aquacoles, Ifremer, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Marie-Odile Blanc
- Laboratoire Service d'Expérimentations Aquacoles, Ifremer, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Hugues Parrinello
- MGX, BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Hermet
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Blondeau-Bidet
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Pratlong
- MGX, BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Vandeputte
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Allal
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
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Muñoz VR, Gaspar RC, Severino MB, Macêdo APA, Simabuco FM, Ropelle ER, Cintra DE, da Silva ASR, Kim YB, Pauli JR. Exercise Counterbalances Rho/ROCK2 Signaling Impairment in the Skeletal Muscle and Ameliorates Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702025. [PMID: 34234788 PMCID: PMC8256841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is considered a fundamental strategy in improving insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation, primarily on skeletal muscle glucose uptake, are not fully understood. Recent evidence has shown that Rho-kinase (ROCK) isoforms play a pivotal role in regulating skeletal muscle glucose uptake and systemic glucose homeostasis. The current study evaluated the effect of physical exercise on ROCK2 signaling in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant obese animals. Physiological (ITT) and molecular analysis (immunoblotting, and RT-qPCR) were performed. The contents of RhoA and ROCK2 protein were decreased in skeletal muscle of obese mice compared to control mice but were restored to normal levels in response to physical exercise. The exercised animals also showed higher phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1 Serine 632/635) and protein kinase B (Akt) in the skeletal muscle. However, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B), both inhibitory regulators for insulin action, were increased in obesity but decreased after exercise. The impact of ROCK2 action on muscle insulin signaling is further underscored by the fact that impaired IRS1 and Akt phosphorylation caused by palmitate in C2C12 myotubes was entirely restored by ROCK2 overexpression. These results suggest that the exercise-induced upregulation of RhoA-ROCK2 signaling in skeletal muscle is associated with increased systemic insulin sensitivity in obese mice and further implicate that muscle ROCK2 could be a potential target for treating obesity-linked metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor R Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Matheus B Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Ana P A Macêdo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
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Huang X, Zhang M, Wu H, Wang X, Xu F. The Study on the Active Ingredients and Potential Targets of Rice Bran Petroleum Ether Extracts for Treating Diabetes Based on Network Pharmacology. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 24:790-802. [PMID: 32955000 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200821162307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE In ancient China, rice bran was used to treat diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The aim of this paper is to explore the active compounds and underlying mechanism of Rice Bran Petroleum Ether extracts (RBPE) against diabetes using network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis was performed to identify the chemical composition in RBPE. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, Swiss Target Prediction database, BATMAN-TCM, comprehensive database of human genes and gene phenotypes, therapeutic target database, DurgBank and GeneCards database were used to screen targets. The "component-target-disease" interactive network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Gene ontology and pathways related to the targets were analyzed by ClueGO, and core targets were screened by the MCODE, and Autodock vina was used for molecular docking. RESULTS The compounds with a percentage greater than 1.0% were selected for subsequent analysis. The RBPE contains oleic acid, (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester, and other chemical components that can regulate insulin, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, epidermal growth factor receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, and other genes, which were mainly related to Pathways in cancer, Human cytomegalovirus infection and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, etc. The affinity of the core compounds and the corresponding protein of the gene targets was good. CONCLUSION The results of network pharmacology analysis indicate that the RBPE has multiple anti- diabetic ingredients, and RBPE exert anti-diabetic activity through multiple targets and signaling pathways. The present study can provide a scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of RBPE against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulong Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiangpei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Sheng L, Bayliss G, Zhuang S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:598910. [PMID: 33574751 PMCID: PMC7870700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide and the major cause of renal failure among patients on hemodialysis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that transient activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is required for promoting kidney recovery from acute injury whereas its persistent activation is involved in the progression of various chronic kidney diseases including DKD. EGFR-mediated pathogenesis of DKD is involved in hemodynamic alteration, metabolic disturbance, inflammatory response and parenchymal cellular dysfunction. Therapeutic intervention of this receptor has been available in the oncology setting. Targeting EGFR might also hold a therapeutic potential for DKD. Here we review the functional role of EGFR in the development of DKD, mechanisms involved and the perspective about use of EGFR inhibitors as a treatment for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Hoyer FF, Zhang X, Coppin E, Vasamsetti SB, Modugu G, Schloss MJ, Rohde D, McAlpine CS, Iwamoto Y, Libby P, Naxerova K, Swirski FK, Dutta P, Nahrendorf M. Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells Regulate Myelopoiesis in Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation 2020; 142:244-258. [PMID: 32316750 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent public health problem that affects about one-third of the US population and leads to serious vascular complications with increased risk for coronary artery disease. How bone marrow hematopoiesis contributes to diabetes mellitus complications is incompletely understood. We investigated the role of bone marrow endothelial cells in diabetic regulation of inflammatory myeloid cell production. METHODS In 3 types of mouse diabetes mellitus, including streptozotocin, high-fat diet, and genetic induction using leptin-receptor-deficient db/db mice, we assayed leukocytes, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). In addition, we investigated bone marrow endothelial cells with flow cytometry and expression profiling. RESULTS In diabetes mellitus, we observed enhanced proliferation of HSPC leading to augmented circulating myeloid cell numbers. Analysis of bone marrow niche cells revealed that endothelial cells in diabetic mice expressed less Cxcl12, a retention factor promoting HSPC quiescence. Transcriptome-wide analysis of bone marrow endothelial cells demonstrated enrichment of genes involved in epithelial growth factor receptor (Egfr) signaling in mice with diet-induced diabetes mellitus. To explore whether endothelial Egfr plays a functional role in myelopoiesis, we generated mice with endothelial-specific deletion of Egfr (Cdh5Cre Egfrfl/fl). We found enhanced HSPC proliferation and increased myeloid cell production in Cdh5Cre Egfrfl/fl mice compared with wild-type mice with diabetes mellitus. Disrupted Egfr signaling in endothelial cells decreased their expression of the HSPC retention factor angiopoietin-1. We tested the functional relevance of these findings for wound healing and atherosclerosis, both implicated in complications of diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory myeloid cells accumulated more in skin wounds of diabetic Cdh5Cre Egfrfl/fl mice, significantly delaying wound closure. Atherosclerosis was accelerated in Cdh5Cre Egfrfl/fl mice, leading to larger and more inflamed atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta. CONCLUSIONS In diabetes mellitus, bone marrow endothelial cells participate in the dysregulation of bone marrow hematopoiesis. Diabetes mellitus reduces endothelial production of Cxcl12, a quiescence-promoting niche factor that reduces stem cell proliferation. We describe a previously unknown counterregulatory pathway, in which protective endothelial Egfr signaling curbs HSPC proliferation and myeloid cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Felix Hoyer
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (X.Z., E.C., S.B.V., G.M., P.D.).,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (X.Z.)
| | - Emilie Coppin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (X.Z., E.C., S.B.V., G.M., P.D.)
| | - Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (X.Z., E.C., S.B.V., G.M., P.D.)
| | - Ganesh Modugu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (X.Z., E.C., S.B.V., G.M., P.D.)
| | - Maximilian J Schloss
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - David Rohde
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Cameron S McAlpine
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Kamila Naxerova
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Partha Dutta
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (X.Z., E.C., S.B.V., G.M., P.D.)
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.N.).,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (M.N.)
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Functional Interactomes of Genes Showing Association with Type-2 Diabetes and Its Intermediate Phenotypic Traits Point towards Adipo-Centric Mechanisms in Its Pathophysiology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040601. [PMID: 32294959 PMCID: PMC7226597 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms causing type 2 diabetes (T2D) are still poorly understood; a greater awareness of its causation can lead to the development of newer and better antidiabetic drugs. In this study, we used a network-based approach to assess the cellular processes associated with protein–protein interaction subnetworks of glycemic traits—HOMA-β and HOMA-IR. Their subnetworks were further analyzed in terms of their overlap with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pancreatic, muscle, and adipose tissue in diabetics. We found several DEGs in these tissues showing an overlap with the HOMA-β subnetwork, suggesting a role of these tissues in β-cell failure. Many genes in the HOMA-IR subnetwork too showed an overlap with the HOMA-β subnetwork. For understanding the functional theme of these subnetworks, a pathway-to-pathway complementary network analysis was done, which identified various adipose biology-related pathways, containing genes involved in both insulin secretion and action. In conclusion, network analysis of genes showing an association between T2D and its intermediate phenotypic traits suggests their potential role in beta cell failure. These genes enriched the adipo-centric pathways and were expressed in both pancreatic and adipose tissue and, therefore, might be one of the potential targets for future antidiabetic treatment.
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10
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He D, Huang JH, Zhang ZY, Du Q, Peng WJ, Yu R, Zhang SF, Zhang SH, Qin YH. A Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy For Predicting Active Ingredients And Potential Targets Of LiuWei DiHuang Pill In Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3989-4005. [PMID: 31819371 PMCID: PMC6890936 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s216644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations have proven to be advantageous in clinical treatment and prevention of disease. LiuWei DiHuang Pill (LWDH Pill) is a TCM that was employed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, a holistic network pharmacology approach to understanding the active ingredients and the therapeutic mechanisms underlying T2DM has not been pursued. Methods A network pharmacology approach including drug-likeness evaluation, oral bioavailability prediction, virtual docking, and network analysis has been used to predict the active ingredients and potential targets of LWDH Pill in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Results The comprehensive network pharmacology approach was successfully to identify 45 active ingredients in LWDH Pill. 45 active ingredients hit by 163 potential targets related to T2DM. Ten of the more highly predictive components (such as :quercetin, Kaempferol, Stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, Kadsurenone, Diosgenin, hancinone C, Hederagenin, Garcinone B, Isofucosterol) are involved in anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and the reduction of beta cell damage. LWDH Pill may play a role in the treatment of T2DM and its complications (atherosclerosis and nephropathy) through the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Conclusion Based on a systematic network pharmacology approach, our works successfully predict the active ingredients and potential targets of LWDH Pill for application to T2DM and helps to illustrate mechanism of action on a comprehensive level. This study provides identify key genes and pathway associated with the prognosis and pathogenesis of T2DM from new insights, which also demonstrates a feasible method for the research of chemical basis and pharmacology in LWDH Pill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of TCM Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China.,2011 Collaboration and Innovation Center for Digital Chinese Medicine in Hunan, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Du
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jun Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Yu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of TCM Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Fang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Han Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Qin
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
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11
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Gómez-Sámano MÁ, Baquerizo-Burgos JE, Coronel MFC, Wong-Campoverde BD, Villanueva-Martinez F, Molina-Botello D, Avila-Rojo JA, Palacios-Báez L, Cuevas-Ramos D, Gomez-Perez FJ, Zentella-Dehesa A, Aguayo-González Á, Gulias-Herrero A. Effect of imatinib on plasma glucose concentration in subjects with chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:77. [PMID: 30390651 PMCID: PMC6215634 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become one of the most important public health concerns worldwide. Due to its high prevalence and morbidity, there is an avid necessity to find new therapies that slow the progression and promote the regression of the disease. Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that binds to the Abelson tyrosine kinase and related proteins. It enhances β-cell survival in response to toxins and pro-inflammatory cytokine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of imatinib on fasting plasma glucose in subjects with normal fasting glucose, subjects with impaired fasting glucose and in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We identified 284 subjects diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia or gastrointestinal stromal tumors from the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran database. 106/284 subjects were treated with imatinib. We compared the effect of imatinib on fasting plasma glucose after 1 and 6 months of treatment. We used ANOVA test of repeated samples to determine statistical significance in fasting plasma glucose before imatinib treatment and the follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v22. RESULTS We included a total of 106 subjects: 76 with fasting plasma glucose concentrations < 100 mg/dL (normal FG), 19 subjects with fasting plasma glucose concentrations ≥100 mg/dL (impaired fasting glucose), and 11 subjects with ≥126 mg/dL (type 2 diabetes mellitus). We found a significant increase in fasting plasma glucose concentration in the normal fasting glucose group (p = 0.048), and a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose concentration in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group (p = 0.042). In the impaired fasting glucose group, we also found a tendency towards a decrease in fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.076). We identified 11 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, of whom, 7 (64%) had a reduction in their fasting plasma glucose concentrations after 6 months. A significant glycosylated hemoglobin reduction (p = 0.04) was observed. CONCLUSION Subjects with chronic myeloid leukemia or gastrointestinal stromal tumor with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin at 1 and 6 months while using imatinib.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cohort Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Fasting/blood
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/blood
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/drug therapy
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/epidemiology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/epidemiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Retrospective Studies
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Gómez-Sámano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Sección XVI Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego Molina-Botello
- Universidad Anahuac Mexico Sur, Av. de las Torres No. 131, Alvaro Obregon, Olivar de los padres, 01780 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Alonso Avila-Rojo
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Campus Mexicali, Av. Alvaro Obregon y Julian Carrillo S/N, Colonia Nueva, 21100 Mexicali, B.C Mexico
| | - Lucía Palacios-Báez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Sección XVI Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cuevas-Ramos
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Sección XVI Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Gomez-Perez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Sección XVI Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Sección XVI Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Aguayo-González
- Department of Hematology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Sección XVI Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Gulias-Herrero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Sección XVI Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Buffier P, Bouillet B, Smati S, Archambeaud F, Cariou B, Verges B. Expert opinion on the metabolic complications of new anticancer therapies: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2018; 79:574-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Hardesty JE, Al-Eryani L, Wahlang B, Falkner KC, Shi H, Jin J, Vivace BJ, Ceresa BP, Prough RA, Cave MC. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Disruption by Endocrine and Metabolic Disrupting Chemicals. Toxicol Sci 2018; 162:622-634. [PMID: 29329451 PMCID: PMC5888991 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify an environmentally relevant shared receptor target for endocrine and metabolism disrupting chemical pollutants. A feature of the tested chemicals was that they induced Cyp2b10 in vivo implicating activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Recent studies suggest that these compounds could be indirect CAR activators via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition. Assays included a CAR activity reporter assay, EGF endocytosis assay, and EGFR phosphorylation assay. Docking simulations were used to identify putative binding sites for environmental chemicals on the EGFR. Whole-weight and lipid-adjusted serum mean pollutant exposures were determined using data from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) and compared with the IC50 values determined in vitro. Chlordane, trans-nonachlor, PCB-126, PCB-153, and atrazine were the most potent EGFR inhibitors tested. PCB-126, PCB-153, and trans-nonachlor appeared to be competitive EGFR antagonists as they displaced bound EGF from EGFR. However, atrazine acted through a different mechanism and could be an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. EGFR inhibition relative effect potencies were determined for these compounds. In NHANES, serum concentrations of trans-nonachlor, PCB-126, and PCB-153 greatly exceeded their calculated IC50 values. A common mechanism of action through EGFR inhibition for three diverse classes of metabolic disrupting chemicals was characterized by measuring inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation and EGF-EGFR endocytosis. Based on NHANES data, EGFR inhibition may be an environmentally relevant mode of action for some PCBs, pesticides, and herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Banrida Wahlang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | - K Cameron Falkner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | | | - Jian Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Brad J Vivace
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
| | | | | | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40206
- The Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, Kentucky 40202
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14
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Fang Q, Zou C, Zhong P, Lin F, Li W, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Wang Y, Li X, Liang G. EGFR mediates hyperlipidemia-induced renal injury via regulating inflammation and oxidative stress: the detrimental role and mechanism of EGFR activation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24361-73. [PMID: 27014908 PMCID: PMC5029707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis as key factors in the development of obesity-induced kidney diseases. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in cancer development. Recently, the EGFR pathway has been increasingly implicated in chronic cardiovascular diseases via regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. However, it is unclear if EGFR is involved in obesity-related kidney injury. Using ApoE-/- and C57BL/6 mice models and two specific EGFR inhibitors, we investigated the potential effects of EGFR inhibition in the treatment of obesity-related nephropathy and found that EGFR inhibition alleviates renal inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. In NRK-52E cells, we also elucidated the mechanism behind hyperlipidemia-induced EGFR activation. We observed that c-Src and EGFR forms a complex, and following PA stimulation, it is the successive phosphorylation, not formation, of the c-Src/EGFR complex that results in the subsequent cascade activation. Second, we found that TLR4 regulates the activation EGFR pathway mainly through the phosphorylation of the c-Src/EGFR complex. These results demonstrate the detrimental role of EGFR in the pathogenesis of obesity-related nephropathy, provide a new understanding of the mechanism behind hyperlipidemia/FFA-induced EGFR activation, and support the use of EGFR inhibitors in the treatment of obesity-induced kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilu Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors of Ripk2 attenuate bacterial cell wall-mediated lipolysis, inflammation and dysglycemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1578. [PMID: 28484277 PMCID: PMC5431485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation underpins aspects of insulin resistance and dysglycemia. Microbiota-derived cell wall components such as muropeptides or endotoxin can trigger changes in host immunity and metabolism. Specific peptidoglycan motifs promote metabolic tissue inflammation, lipolysis and insulin resistance via Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (Nod1). Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (Ripk2) mediates Nod1-induced immunity, but the role of Ripk2 in metabolism is ill-defined. We hypothesized that Ripk2 was required for Nod1-mediated inflammation, lipolysis and dysglycemia. This is relevant because certain tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) inhibit Ripk2 and there is clinical evidence of TKIs lowering inflammation and blood glucose. Here, we showed that only a subset of TKIs known to inhibit Ripk2 attenuated Nod1 ligand-mediated adipocyte lipolysis. TKIs that inhibit Ripk2 decreased cytokine responses induced by Nod1-activating peptidoglycan, but not endotoxin in both metabolic and immune cells. Pre-treatment of adipocytes or macrophages with the TKI gefitinib inhibited Nod1-induced Cxcl1 and Il-6 secretion. Furthermore, treatment of mice with gefitinib prevented Nod1-induced glucose intolerance in vivo. Ripk2 was required for these effects on inflammation and metabolism, since Nod1-mediated cytokine and blood glucose changes were absent in Ripk2−/− mice. Our data show that specific TKIs used in cancer also inhibit Nod1-Ripk2 immunometabolism responses indicative of metabolic disease.
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16
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Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in responses to myocardial stress and cardioprotection. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 83:97-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Zanotto TM, Quaresma PGF, Guadagnini D, Weissmann L, Santos AC, Vecina JF, Calisto K, Santos A, Prada PO, Saad MJA. Blocking iNOS and endoplasmic reticulum stress synergistically improves insulin resistance in mice. Mol Metab 2016; 6:206-218. [PMID: 28180062 PMCID: PMC5279911 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data show that iNOS has an essential role in ER stress in obesity. However, whether iNOS is sufficient to account for obesity-induced ER stress and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we used iNOS knockout mice to investigate whether high-fat diet (HFD) can still induce residual ER stress-associated insulin resistance. METHODS For this purpose, we used the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT), euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, western blotting and qPCR in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of iNOS KO and control mice on HFD. RESULTS The results of the present study demonstrated that, in HFD fed mice, iNOS-induced alteration in insulin signaling is an essential mechanism of insulin resistance in muscle, suggesting that iNOS may represent an important target that could be blocked in order to improve insulin sensitivity in this tissue. However, in liver and adipose tissue, the insulin resistance induced by HFD was only partially dependent on iNOS, and, even in the presence of genetic or pharmacological blockade of iNOS, a clear ER stress associated with altered insulin signaling remained evident in these tissues. When this ER stress was blocked pharmacologically, insulin signaling was improved, and a complete recovery of glucose tolerance was achieved. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results reinforce the tissue-specific regulation of insulin signaling in obesity, with iNOS being sufficient to account for insulin resistance in muscle, but in liver and adipose tissue ER stress and insulin resistance can be induced by both iNOS-dependent and iNOS-independent mechanisms.
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Key Words
- AKT, Protein kinase B
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- Blocking
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GTT, glucose tolerance test
- HFD, high-fat diet
- IKK, kappa α/β kinase
- IRE1, inositol requiring enzyme 1
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- Improving
- Insulin resistance
- JNK, c-JunN-terminal kinase
- NO, nitric oxide
- PERK, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- iNOS
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- qPCR, real time PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lais Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa C Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Vecina
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Calisto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Labochka D, Moszczuk B, Kukwa W, Szczylik C, Czarnecka AM. Mechanisms through which diabetes mellitus influences renal cell carcinoma development and treatment: A review of the literature. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1887-1894. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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19
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Quaresma PGF, Weissmann L, Zanotto TM, Santos AC, de Matos AHB, Furigo IC, Simabuco FM, Donato J, Bittencourt JC, Lopes-Cendes I, Prada PO. Cdc2-like kinase 2 in the hypothalamus is necessary to maintain energy homeostasis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:268-278. [PMID: 27733761 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the Cdc2-like kinase 2 (CLK2) is expressed in hypothalamic neurons and if it is, whether the hypothalamic CLK2 has a role in the regulation of energy balance. SUBJECTS Swiss mice on chow or high-fat diet (HFD) and db/db mice on chow diet were used to address the role of CLK2 in the hypothalamus. RESULTS Hypothalamic CLK2Thr343 phosphorylation, which induces CLK2 activity, is regulated in vivo by refeeding, insulin and leptin, in a PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)-dependent manner. The reduction of CLK2 expression in the hypothalamus, by chronic pharmacological inhibition with TG003 or by chronic knockdown with small interfering RNA was sufficient to abolish the anorexigenic effect of insulin and leptin, to increase body weight, fat mass, food intake and to decrease energy expenditure in mice on chow. In contrast, CLK2Thr343 phosphorylation in the hypothalamus in response to insulin, leptin or refeeding was impaired in mice on HFD or in db/db mice. Chronic CLK2 inhibition in the hypothalamus was associated with a slight increase in the fasting blood glucose levels, reduction in PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) expression in the liver and enhanced glucose production from pyruvate, suggesting a regulation of hepatic glucose production. Further, overexpressing CLK2 in the mediobasal hypothalami of mice on HFD or in db/db mice by adenovirus partially reversed the obese phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results suggest that protein CLK2 integrates some important hypothalamic pathways, and may be a promising molecule for new therapeutic approaches for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A H B de Matos
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I C Furigo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Simabuco
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Bittencourt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
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Malek R, Davis SN. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors under investigation for the treatment of type II diabetes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:287-96. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1142531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Peng K, Tian X, Qian Y, Skibba M, Zou C, Liu Z, Wang J, Xu Z, Li X, Liang G. Novel EGFR inhibitors attenuate cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:482-94. [PMID: 26762600 PMCID: PMC4759478 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an important risk factor for heart failure. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been found to play a role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this current study was to examine the role of EGFR in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we observed that both Ang II and EGF could increase the phospohorylation of EGFR and protein kinase B (AKT)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and then induce cell hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. Both pharmacological inhibitors and genetic silencing significantly reduced Ang II-induced EGFR signalling pathway activation, hypertrophic marker overexpression, and cell hypertrophy. In addition, our results showed that Ang II-induced EGFR activation is mediated by c-Src phosphorylation. In vivo, Ang II treatment significantly led to cardiac remodelling including cardiac hypertrophy, disorganization and fibrosis, accompanied by the activation of EGFR signalling pathway in the heart tissues, while all these molecular and pathological alterations were attenuated by the oral administration with EGFR inhibitors. In conclusion, the c-Src-dependent EGFR activation may play an important role in Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and inhibition of EGFR by specific molecules may be an effective strategy for the treatment of Ang II-associated cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesong Peng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinqiao Tian
- Department of Ultrasonography, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Melissa Skibba
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonography, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yoo JY, Kim TH, Kong S, Lee JH, Choi W, Kim KS, Kim HJ, Jeong JW, Ku BJ. Role of Mig-6 in hepatic glucose metabolism. J Diabetes 2016; 8:86-97. [PMID: 25594850 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) has an important role in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and bile acid synthesis. However, the physiological functions of Mig-6 in the liver remain poorly understood. METHODS To investigate Mig-6 functioning in the liver, we used conditionally ablated Mig-6 using the Albumin-Cre mouse model (Alb(cre/+) Mig-6(f/f) ; Mig-6(d/d) ). Male mice were killed after a 24-h fast and refed after 24 h fasting. Fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured and western blot analyses were performed to determine epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in liver tissue samples. In addition, human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were transfected with Mig-6 short interference (si) RNA before western blot analysis. RESULTS Serum fasting glucose levels were significantly higher in Mig-6(d/d) versus Mig-6(f/f) mice. On an insulin tolerance test, insulin sensitivity was decreased in Mig-6(d/d) versus Mig-6(f/f) mice. Furthermore, hepatic expression of the glucokinase (Gck), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) genes was decreased significantly in Mig-6(d/d) mice. Phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, JNK, and IRS-1 was increased in Mig-6(d/d) compared with Mig-6(f/f) mice. CONCLUSION Liver-specific ablation of Mig-6 caused hyperglycemia by hepatic insulin resistance. Increased EGFR signaling following Mig-6 ablation activated JNK and eventually induced insulin resistance by increasing phosphorylation of IRS-1 at serine 307. This is the first report of Mig-6 involvement in hepatic insulin resistance and a new mechanism that explains hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yoon Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Sieun Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Wonseok Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Park BK, Lee EA, Kim HY, Lee JC, Kim KS, Jeong WH, Kim KY, Ku BJ, Rhee SD. Fatty Liver and Insulin Resistance in the Liver-Specific Knockout Mice of Mitogen Inducible Gene-6. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1632061. [PMID: 28053990 PMCID: PMC5174183 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1632061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen inducible gene-6 (Mig-6) is a feedback inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. The liver-specific knockout mice of the Mig-6 gene (Mig-6 d/d ) showed hepatomegaly and increased hypercholesterolemia. In this study, the biomarkers of insulin resistance and the effects of high-fat diets in the wild (Mig-6 f/f ) and Mig-6 d/d mice were analyzed. The fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterols, free fatty acids, and HOMA-IR were measured and the glucose tolerance and insulin resistance tests were performed in the 25-week-old Mig-6 f/f and the Mig-6 d/d mice. The protein levels of active insulin receptor, glucose 6-phosphatase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were analyzed in the liver and fat. The fasting plasma cholesterol and glucose concentration were higher in the Mig-6 d/d mice than the Mig-6 f/f mice with increased fat deposition in the liver. But the Mig-6 d/d mice had the improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance without increased amount of phosphoinsulin receptor after insulin infusion in the liver. The hepatic concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was increased in fasting Mig-6 d/d mice. The feeding of high-fat diet accelerated the plasma lipids profiles and HOMA-IR in the Mig-6 d/d mice but had no differential effects in oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test in both genotypes. These results suggest that the activated EGFR signaling might increase the fasting plasma glucose concentration through inducing the hepatic steatosis and the improved whole-body insulin resistance in the KO mice be caused by decreased adipogenesis in fat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Kil Park
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Drug Development and Discovery, Graduate School of New Drug Development and Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Lee
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Drug Development and Discovery, Graduate School of New Drug Development and Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Youn Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Choul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hoon Jeong
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- *Bon Jeong Ku: and
| | - Sang Dal Rhee
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Drug Development and Discovery, Graduate School of New Drug Development and Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- *Sang Dal Rhee:
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Forrester SJ, Kawai T, O'Brien S, Thomas W, Harris RC, Eguchi S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapies in the Cardiovascular System. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 56:627-53. [PMID: 26566153 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-070115-095427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation impacts the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, and inhibition of EGFR activity is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat diseases including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, renal fibrosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. The capacity of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, such as angiotensin II (AngII), to promote EGFR signaling is called transactivation and is well described, yet delineating the molecular processes and functional relevance of this crosstalk has been challenging. Moreover, these critical findings are dispersed among many different fields. The aim of our review is to highlight recent advancements in defining the signaling cascades and downstream consequences of EGFR transactivation in the cardiovascular renal system. We also focus on studies that link EGFR transactivation to animal models of the disease, and we discuss potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
| | - Shannon O'Brien
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Walter Thomas
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140;
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Zhou J, Xu G, Ma S, Li F, Yuan M, Xu H, Huang K. Catalpol ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation by suppressing the JNK and NF-κB pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:853-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fountas A, Diamantopoulos LN, Tsatsoulis A. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Diabetes: A Novel Treatment Paradigm? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:643-656. [PMID: 26492832 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity is implicated in various proliferative conditions. Multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are increasingly used for the treatment of different malignancies. Recently, several clinical cases of the reversal of both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, T2DM) during TKI administration have been reported. Experimental in vivo and in vitro studies have elucidated some of the mechanisms behind this effect. For example, inhibition of Abelson tyrosine kinase (c-Abl) results in β cell survival and enhanced insulin secretion, while platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition leads to improvement in insulin sensitivity. In addition, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) reduces the degree of islet cell inflammation (insulitis). Therefore, targeting several PTKs may provide a novel approach for correcting the pathophysiologic disturbances of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Fountas
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Avenue, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Agathocles Tsatsoulis
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Avenue, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Puzanov I, Hess A. LK or IGF1R: When selectivity hurts. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:342-3. [PMID: 26080834 PMCID: PMC4505153 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Puzanov
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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28
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Lee JC, Park BK, Choung S, Kim JM, Joung KH, Lee JH, Kim KS, Kim HJ, Jeong JW, Rhee SD, Ku BJ. Amelioration of hypercholesterolemia by an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in mice with liver-specific knockout of Mig-6. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114782. [PMID: 25486251 PMCID: PMC4259477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) is a negative feedback inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. We previously found that Mig-6 plays a critical role in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and in bile acid synthesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGFR inhibition to identify a potential new treatment target for hypercholesterolemia. We used a mouse model with conditional ablation of the Mig-6 gene in the liver (Albcre/+Mig-6f/f; Mig-6d/d) to effectively investigate the role of Mig-6 in the regulation of liver function. Mig-6d/d mice were treated with either the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib or statin for 6 weeks after administration of a high-fat or standard diet. We then compared lipid profiles and other parameters among each group of mice. After a high-fat diet, Mig-6d/d mice showed elevated serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose, characteristics resembling hypercholesterolemia in diabetic patients. We observed decreases in serum levels of lipids and glucose in high-fat-diet-fed Mig-6d/d mice after 6 weeks of treatment with gefitinib or statin. Furthermore gefitinib-treated mice showed significantly greater decreases in serum levels of total, HDL and LDL cholesterol compared with statin-treated mice. Taken together, these results suggest that EGFR inhibition is effective for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in high-fat-diet-fed Mig-6d/d mice, and our findings provide new insights into the development of possible treatment targets for hypercholesterolemia via modulation of EGFR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Choul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Veterans Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byung Kil Park
- Department of Drug Development and Discovery, Graduate School of New Drug Development and Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sorim Choung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyong Hye Joung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sang Dal Rhee
- Department of Drug Development and Discovery, Graduate School of New Drug Development and Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (SDR); (BJK)
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (SDR); (BJK)
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Weissmann L, Quaresma PGF, Santos AC, de Matos AHB, Pascoal VDB, Zanotto TM, Castro G, Guadagnini D, da Silva JM, Velloso LA, Bittencourt JC, Lopes-Cendes I, Saad MJA, Prada PO. IKKε is key to induction of insulin resistance in the hypothalamus, and its inhibition reverses obesity. Diabetes 2014; 63:3334-45. [PMID: 24812431 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
IKK epsilon (IKKε) is induced by the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Whole-body IKKε knockout mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were protected from insulin resistance and showed altered energy balance. We demonstrate that IKKε is expressed in neurons and is upregulated in the hypothalamus of obese mice, contributing to insulin and leptin resistance. Blocking IKKε in the hypothalamus of obese mice with CAYMAN10576 or small interfering RNA decreased NF-κB activation in this tissue, relieving the inflammatory environment. Inhibition of IKKε activity, but not TBK1, reduced IRS-1(Ser307) phosphorylation and insulin and leptin resistance by an improvement of the IR/IRS-1/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the hypothalamus. These improvements were independent of body weight and food intake. Increased insulin and leptin action/signaling in the hypothalamus may contribute to a decrease in adiposity and hypophagia and an enhancement of energy expenditure accompanied by lower NPY and increased POMC mRNA levels. Improvement of hypothalamic insulin action decreases fasting glycemia, glycemia after pyruvate injection, and PEPCK protein expression in the liver of HFD-fed and db/db mice, suggesting a reduction in hepatic glucose production. We suggest that IKKε may be a key inflammatory mediator in the hypothalamus of obese mice, and its hypothalamic inhibition improves energy and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa C Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H B de Matos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tamires M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Licio A Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jackson C Bittencourt
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase with a wide implication in tumor biology, wound healing and development. Besides acting as a growth factor receptor activated by ligands such as EGF, the EGFR can also be transactivated and thereby mediate cross-talk with different signaling pathways. The aim of this review is to illustrate the Janus-faced function of the EGFR in the vasculature with its relevance for vascular biology and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Over recent years, the number of identified signaling partners of the EGFR has steadily increased, as have the biological processes in which the EGFR is thought to be involved. Recently, new models have allowed investigation of EGFR effects in vivo, shedding some light on the overall function of the EGFR in the vasculature. At the same time, EGFR inhibitors and antibodies have become increasingly established in cancer therapy, providing potential therapeutic tools for decreasing EGFR signaling. SUMMARY The EGFR is a versatile signaling pathway integrator associated with vascular homeostasis and disease. In addition to modulating basal vascular tone and tissue homeostasis, the EGFR also seems to be involved in proinflammatory, proliferative, migratory and remodeling processes, with enhanced deposition of extracellular matrix components, thereby promoting vascular diseases such as hypertension or atherosclerosis.
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Prada PO, Saad MJ. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as novel drugs for the treatment of diabetes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:751-63. [PMID: 23705634 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.802768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, as imatinib, erlotinib and sunitinib have antihyperglycemic effects but the mechanisms are not totally clear. AREAS COVERED It is well established that insulin resistance and beta-cell failure are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The present review will discuss the molecular mechanisms that account for insulin resistance and beta-cell failure in DM2, and also the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in these processes. EXPERT OPINION A better understanding of how these drugs improve the two most important mechanisms of DM2 associated with suggestions of clinical studies will lead to improve the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia O Prada
- University of Campinas - UNICAMP, School of Applied Sciences, Limeira, SP, 13484-350, Brazil.
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Aslibekyan S, An P, Frazier-Wood AC, Kabagambe EK, Irvin MR, Straka RJ, Tiwari HK, Tsai MY, Hopkins PN, Borecki IB, Ordovas JM, Arnett DK. Preliminary evidence of genetic determinants of adiponectin response to fenofibrate in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:987-994. [PMID: 23149075 PMCID: PMC3578131 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adiponectin is an adipose-secreted protein that has been linked to changes in insulin sensitivity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and inflammatory patterns. Although fenofibrate therapy can raise adiponectin levels, treatment response is heterogeneous and heritable, suggesting a role for genetic mediators. This is the first genome-wide association study of fenofibrate effects on circulating adiponectin. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma adiponectin was measured in participants of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (n = 793) before and after a 3-week daily treatment with 160 mg of fenofibrate. Associations between variants on the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and adiponectin were assessed using mixed linear models, adjusted for age, sex, site, and family. We observed a statistically significant (P = 5 × 10⁻⁸) association between rs2384207 in 12q24, a region previously linked to several metabolic traits, and the fenofibrate-induced change in circulating adiponectin. Additionally, our genome-wide analysis of baseline adiponectin levels replicated the previously reported association with CDH13 and suggested novel associations with markers near the PCK1, ZBP1, TMEM18, and SCUBE1 genes. The findings from the single marker tests were corroborated in gene-based analyses. Biological pathway analyses suggested a borderline significant association between the EGF receptor signaling pathway and baseline adiponectin levels. CONCLUSIONS We present preliminary evidence linking several biologically relevant genetic variants to adiponectin levels at baseline and in response to fenofibrate therapy. Our findings provide support for fine-mapping of the 12q24 region to investigate the shared biological mechanisms underlying levels of circulating adiponectin and susceptibility to metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, RPHB 217G, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Castro G, C. Areias MF, Weissmann L, Quaresma PG, Katashima CK, Saad MJ, Prada PO. Diet-induced obesity induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in the amygdala of rats. FEBS Open Bio 2013; 3:443-9. [PMID: 24251109 PMCID: PMC3829990 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin acts in the hypothalamus, decreasing food intake (FI) by the IR/PI3K/Akt pathway. This pathway is impaired in obese animals and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and low-grade inflammation are possible mechanisms involved in this impairment. Here, we highlighted the amygdala as an important brain region for FI regulation in response to insulin. This regulation was dependent on PI3K/AKT pathway similar to the hypothalamus. Insulin was able to decrease neuropeptide Y (NPY) and increase oxytocin mRNA levels in the amygdala via PI3K, which may contribute to hypophagia. Additionally, obese rats did not reduce FI in response to insulin and AKT phosphorylation was decreased in the amygdala, suggesting insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was associated with ER stress and low-grade inflammation in this brain region. The inhibition of ER stress with PBA reverses insulin action/signaling, decreases NPY and increases oxytocin mRNA levels in the amygdala from obese rats, suggesting that ER stress is probably one of the mechanisms that induce insulin resistance in the amygdala.
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Key Words
- AGRP, agouti-related peptide
- AMY, amygdala
- Amygdala
- BW, body weight
- CNS, central nervous system
- CRH, corticotrophin-releasing hormone
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress
- FI, food intake
- FKBP51, FK506 binding protein 51
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase
- IKKβ, I kappa B kinase
- IR, insulin receptor
- IRE1α, inositol-requiring kinase alpha
- IRS-1, insulin substrate 1
- Inflammation
- Insulin
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LGI, low-grade inflammation
- NPY
- NPY, neuropeptide Y
- Obesity
- Oxytocin
- PBA, 4-phenyl butyric acid
- PERK, RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER resident kinase
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PKB or Akt, protein kinase B
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Castro
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lais Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula G.F. Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos K. Katashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario J.A. Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia O. Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Prada PO, Quaresma PG, Caricilli AM, Santos AC, Guadagnini D, Morari J, Weissmann L, Ropelle ER, Carvalheira JBC, Velloso LA, Saad MJ. Tub has a key role in insulin and leptin signaling and action in vivo in hypothalamic nuclei. Diabetes 2013; 62:137-48. [PMID: 22966070 PMCID: PMC3526052 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of tub gene in mice induces obesity, suggesting that tub could be an important regulator of energy balance. In the current study, we investigated whether insulin, leptin, and obesity can modulate Tub in vivo in hypothalamic nuclei, and we investigated possible consequences on energy balance, neuropeptide expression, and hepatic glucose metabolism. Food intake, metabolic characteristics, signaling proteins, and neuropeptide expression were measured in response to fasting and refeeding, intracerebroventricular insulin and leptin, and Tub antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Tub tyrosine phosphorylation (Tub-p-tyr) is modulated by nutritional status. Tub is a substrate of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRTK) and leptin receptor (LEPR)-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in hypothalamic nuclei. After leptin or insulin stimulation, Tub translocates to the nucleus. Inhibition of Tub expression in hypothalamus by ASO increased food intake, fasting blood glucose, and hepatic glucose output, decreased O(2) consumption, and blunted the effect of insulin or leptin on proopiomelanocortin, thyroid-releasing hormone, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin expression. In hypothalamus of mice administered a high-fat diet, there is a reduction in leptin and insulin-induced Tub-p-tyr and nuclear translocation, which is reversed by reducing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression. These results indicate that Tub has a key role in the control of insulin and leptin effects on food intake, and the modulation of Tub may contribute to insulin and leptin resistance in DIO mice.
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Midha MK, Tikoo K, Sinha N, Kaur S, Verma HN, Rao KVS, Chatterjee S, Manivel V. Extracting Time-dependent Obese-diabetic Specific Networks in Hepatic Proteome Analysis. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:6030-43. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukul K. Midha
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067,
India
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302025, India
| | - Kamiya Tikoo
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067,
India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067,
India
| | - Simarjeet Kaur
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067,
India
| | - Hirdya N. Verma
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302025, India
| | - Kanury V. S. Rao
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067,
India
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067,
India
| | - Venkatasamy Manivel
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067,
India
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Schipper HS, Nuboer R, Prop S, van den Ham HJ, de Boer FK, Kesmir Ç, Mombers IMH, van Bekkum KA, Woudstra J, Kieft JH, Hoefer IE, de Jager W, Prakken B, van Summeren M, Kalkhoven E. Systemic inflammation in childhood obesity: circulating inflammatory mediators and activated CD14++ monocytes. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2800-2810. [PMID: 22806355 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In adults, circulating inflammatory mediators and activated CD14(++) monocytes link obesity to its metabolic and cardiovascular complications. However, it is largely unknown whether these inflammatory changes already occur in childhood obesity. To survey inflammatory changes during the early stages of obesity, we performed a comprehensive analysis of circulating inflammatory mediators, monocyte populations and their function in childhood obesity. METHODS In lean and obese children aged 6 to 16 years (n = 96), 35 circulating inflammatory mediators including adipokines were measured. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the inflammatory mediator profiles was performed to investigate associations between inflammatory mediator clusters and clinical variables. Whole-blood monocyte phenotyping and functional testing with the toll-like receptor 4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide, were also executed. RESULTS First, next to leptin, the circulating mediators chemerin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, EGF and TNF receptor 2 were identified as novel inflammatory mediators that are increased in childhood obesity. Second, cluster analysis of the circulating mediators distinguished two obesity clusters, two leanness clusters and one mixed cluster. All clusters showed distinct inflammatory mediator profiles, together with differences in insulin sensitivity and other clinical variables. Third, childhood obesity was associated with increased CD14(++) monocyte numbers and an activated phenotype of the CD14(++) monocyte subsets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Inflammatory mediator clusters were associated with insulin resistance in obese and lean children. The activation of CD14(++) monocyte subsets, which is associated with increased development of atherosclerosis in obese adults, was also readily detected in obese children. Our results indicate that inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity to its metabolic and cardiovascular complications are already activated in childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Schipper
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room STR3.217, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Nuboer
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - S Prop
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room STR3.217, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H J van den Ham
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F K de Boer
- Department of Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ç Kesmir
- Department of Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I M H Mombers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K A van Bekkum
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Woudstra
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room STR3.217, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J H Kieft
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I E Hoefer
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W de Jager
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B Prakken
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M van Summeren
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E Kalkhoven
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room STR3.217, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Liu Q, Rehman H, Krishnasamy Y, Haque K, Schnellmann R, Lemasters J, Zhong Z. Amphiregulin stimulates liver regeneration after small-for-size mouse liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2052-61. [PMID: 22694592 PMCID: PMC3409348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether amphiregulin (AR), a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), improves liver regeneration after small-for-size liver transplantation. Livers of male C57BL/6 mice were reduced to ~50% and ~30% of original sizes and transplanted. After transplantation, AR and AR mRNA increased in 50% but not in 30% grafts. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and mitotic index increased substantially in 50% but not 30% grafts. Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia occurred and survival decreased after transplantation of 30% but not 50% grafts. AR neutralizing antibody blunted regeneration in 50% grafts whereas AR injection (5 μg/mouse, iv) stimulated liver regeneration, improved liver function and increased survival after transplantation of 30% grafts. Phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream signaling molecules Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, ERK and JNK increased markedly in 50% but not 30% grafts. AR stimulated EGFR phosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathways. EGFR inhibitor PD153035 suppressed regeneration of 50% grafts and largely abrogated stimulation of regeneration of 30% grafts by AR. AR also increased cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression in 30% grafts. Together, liver regeneration is suppressed in small-for-size grafts, as least in part, due to decreased AR formation. AR supplementation could be a promising therapy to stimulate regeneration of partial liver grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - H. Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Y. Krishnasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - K. Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - R.G. Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403
| | - J.J. Lemasters
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Z. Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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Kim JH, Park Y, Kim D, Good DJ, Park Y. Dietary conjugated nonadecadienoic acid prevents adult-onset obesity in nescient basic helix-loop-helix 2 knockout mice. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:556-66. [PMID: 22819563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been extensively studied during the last two decades with regard to its effects on controlling body composition. As a cognate to CLA, conjugated nonadecadienoic acid (CNA) has been previously reported to reduce body fat more effectively than CLA. However, it is not known whether CNA supplementation can influence adult-onset obesity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary CNA on the prevention of adult-onset inactivity-induced obesity using nescient basic helix-loop-helix 2 knockout (N2KO) mice. CNA supplementation at 0.1 w/w% level starting in the preobese state significantly prevented the reduction of voluntary movement and the increase in weight gain in N2KO mice during the experimental period compared to wild-type animals. In both wild-type and N2KO mice, respiratory exchange ratio was significantly reduced by CNA treatment during light and dark cycles, and dietary CNA significantly increased energy expenditure in N2KO mice. Selected gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue, muscle or liver showed a beneficial action of CNA on lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. These findings suggest that CNA could prevent adult-onset obesity by enhancing voluntary activity and energy expenditure in N2KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kobayashi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Chan G, Nogalski MT, Stevenson EV, Yurochko AD. Human cytomegalovirus induction of a unique signalsome during viral entry into monocytes mediates distinct functional changes: a strategy for viral dissemination. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:743-52. [PMID: 22715139 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HCMV pathogenesis is a direct consequence of the hematogenous dissemination of the virus to multiple host organ sites. The presence of infected monocytes in the peripheral blood and organs of individuals exhibiting primary HCMV infection have long suggested that these blood sentinels are responsible for mediating viral spread. Despite monocytes being "at the right place at the right time", their short lifespan and the lack of productive viral infection in these cells complicate this scenario of a monocyte-driven approach to viral dissemination by HCMV. However, our laboratory has provided evidence that HCMV infection is able to induce a highly controlled polarization of monocytes toward a unique and long-lived proinflammatory macrophage, which we have demonstrated to be permissive for viral replication. These observations suggest that HCMV has evolved as a distinct mechanism to induce select proinflammatory characteristics that provide infected monocytes with the necessary tools to mediate viral spread following a primary infection. In the absence of viral gene products during the early stages of infection, the process by which HCMV "tunes" the inflammatory response in infected monocytes to promote viral spread and subsequently, viral persistence remains unclear. In this current review, we focus on the viral entry process of HCMV and the potential role of receptor-ligand interactions in modulating monocyte biology. Specifically, we examine the signaling pathways initiated by the distinct combination of cellular receptors simultaneously engaged and activated by HCMV during viral entry and how the acquisition of this distinct signalsome results in a nontraditional activation of monocytes leading to the induction of the unique, functional attributes observed in monocytes following HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Brooks MB. Erlotinib appears to produce prolonged remission of insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes associated with metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1474651412442694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes and for chronic kidney disease. Metformin is the oral medication of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the absence of chronic kidney disease. There is a need for another oral glucose lowering agent for use in metabolic syndrome with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. We submit the first report of erlotinib, a once-daily oral medication for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer associated with specific genetic mutations, appearing to eliminate the need for insulin in insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes associated with metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. The mechanism by which erlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor may improve glycaemic control is unknown. Potential possibilities are explored.
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Ray A, Cleary MP. Obesity and breast cancer: a clinical biochemistry perspective. Clin Biochem 2011; 45:189-97. [PMID: 22178111 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the laboratory diagnosis aspects of obesity-related health problems with special reference to postmenopausal breast cancer. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a systemic search of the literature primarily from the PubMed to obtain the relevant data. RESULTS Obesity is associated with the dysregulations of a number of body components such as blood constituents, extracellular matrix, and hormones/growth factors axes, which could be utilized for early diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Obesity-related disorders including breast cancer have emerged as major health problems in almost all the nations. There is a need to elucidate different biochemical markers that are being used in the clinics or have the potential for such use. A precise understanding of the complex pathologies related with obesity is useful in prevention, early diagnosis and overall clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801-16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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Wang X, Nath A, Yang X, Portis A, Walton SP, Chan C. Synergy analysis reveals association between insulin signaling and desmoplakin expression in palmitate treated HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28138. [PMID: 22132232 PMCID: PMC3223234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of complex cellular activities in palmitate treated HepG2 cells, and the ensuing cytotoxic phenotype, involves cooperative interactions between genes. While previous approaches have largely focused on identifying individual target genes, elucidating interacting genes has thus far remained elusive. We applied the concept of information synergy to reconstruct a “gene-cooperativity” network for palmititate-induced cytotoxicity in liver cells. Our approach integrated gene expression data with metabolic profiles to select a subset of genes for network reconstruction. Subsequent analysis of the network revealed insulin signaling as the most significantly enriched pathway, and desmoplakin (DSP) as its top neighbor. We determined that palmitate significantly reduces DSP expression, and treatment with insulin restores the lost expression of DSP. Insulin resistance is a common pathological feature of fatty liver and related ailments, whereas loss of DSP has been noted in liver carcinoma. Reduced DSP expression can lead to loss of cell-cell adhesion via desmosomes, and disrupt the keratin intermediate filament network. Our findings suggest that DSP expression may be perturbed by palmitate and, along with insulin resistance, may play a role in palmitate induced cytotoxicity, and serve as potential targets for further studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Aritro Nath
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xuerui Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Amanda Portis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - S. Patrick Walton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christina Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tobar N, Oliveira AG, Guadagnini D, Bagarolli RA, Rocha GZ, Araújo TG, Santos-Silva JC, Zollner RL, Boechat LHB, Carvalheira JBC, Prada PO, Saad MJA. Diacerhein improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice on a high-fat diet. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4080-93. [PMID: 21896669 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by insulin resistance, and the common basis of these events is a chronic and systemic inflammatory process marked by the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitor-κB kinase (IKKβ)/nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) pathways, up-regulated cytokine synthesis, and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diacerhein administration, an antiinflammatory drug that reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines, on insulin sensitivity and signaling in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Swiss mice were fed with conventional chow (control group) or a high-fat diet (DIO group). Later, DIO mice were randomly subdivided into a new subgroup (DAR) that received 20 mg/kg diacerhein for 10 d. Western blotting was used to quantify the expression and phosphorylation of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, and Akt and of inflammatory mediators that modulate insulin signaling in a negative manner (IKKβ, JNK, and inducible nitric oxide synthase). We show here, for the first time, that the administration of diacerhein in DIO mice improved endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduced JNK and IKKβ phosphorylation, and resulted in a marked improvement in fasting glucose, a decrease in macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue, and a reduced expression and activity of proinflammatory mediators accompanied by an improvement in the insulin signaling mainly in the liver and adipose tissue. Taken together, these results indicate that diacerhein treatment improves insulin sensitivity in obesity, mediated by the reversal of subclinical inflammation, and that this drug may be an alternative therapy for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Tobar
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Adrenal cortex. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:231-3. [PMID: 21522003 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283457c7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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da Luz G, Frederico MJS, da Silva S, Vitto MF, Cesconetto PA, de Pinho RA, Pauli JR, Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, De Souza CT. Endurance exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and reticulum stress in adipose and hepatic tissue in obese rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:2015-23. [PMID: 21249392 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated to underlie the induction of obesity-induced JNK and NF-κB activation inflammatory responses, and generation of peripheral insulin resistance. On the other hand, exercise has been used as a crucial tool in obese and diabetic patients, and may reduce inflammatory pathway stimulation. However, the ability of exercise training to reverse endoplasmatic reticulum stress in adipose and hepatic tissue in obesity has not been investigated in the literature. Here, we demonstrate that exercise training ameliorates ER stress and insulin resistance in DIO-induced rats. Rats were fed with standard rodent chow (3,948 kcal kg(-1)) or high-fat diet (5,358 kcal kg(-1)) for 2 months. After that rats were submitted to swimming training (1 h per day, 5 days for week with 5% overload of the body weight for 8 weeks). Samples from epididymal fat and liver were obtained and western blot analysis was performed. Our results showed that swimming protocol reduces pro-inflammatory molecules (JNK, IκB and NF-κB) in adipose and hepatic tissues. In addition, exercise leads to reduction in ER stress, by reducing PERK and eIF2α phosphorylation in these tissues. In parallel, an increase in insulin pathway signaling was observed, as confirmed by increases in IR, IRSs and Akt phosphorylation following exercise training in DIO rats. Thus, results suggest that exercise can reduce ER stress, improving insulin resistance in adipose and hepatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle da Luz
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC 88806-000, Brazil
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Sisto M, Lisi S, Lofrumento DD, Cucci L, Mitolo V, D'Amore M. RETRACTED: Blockade of TNF-α signaling suppresses the AREG-mediated IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines secretion induced by anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies. J Transl Med 2010:labinvest2010168. [PMID: 20856228 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the Furin-TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE)-amphiregulin (AREG)-IL-6/IL-8 secretion pathway in non-neoplastic human salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) stimulated with anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies (Abs). We examined whether anti-Ro/SSA Abs-mediated TACE activation is responsible for AREG activation. As recent studies have demonstrated that AREG could induce proinflammatory cytokines secretion in epithelial cells, we discuss how TACE-mediated AREG shedding, caused by anti-Ro/SSA Abs treatment, could have a critical role in TNF-α-induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by SGEC. Furthermore, the effects of TNF-α blockade on AREG expression and TNF-α-AREG-mediated IL-6 and IL-8 secretion were evaluated. We have discovered that the upregulation of AREG occurs through TNF-α produced after anti-Ro/SSA Abs uptake via Fcγ receptors. Biological drug adalimumab and the gene silencing technique were used to study the AREG-IL-6/IL-8 secretion pathway, demonstrating that (i) adalimumab-mediated TNF-α blocking and TNF-α gene silencing provoke a significant decrease of proinflammatory cytokines production and AREG expression in anti-Ro/SSA Abs-treated SGEC; (ii) AREG gene silencing has a potent inhibitory effect on TNF-α-induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in SGEC treated with anti-Ro/SSA Abs; (iii) an inspection of the kinetics of cytokine production after exogeni TNF-α and AREG addition, and the use of cycloheximide in the presence of exogenous TNF-α as stimulant, clarified that TNF-α induces IL-6 and IL-8 secretion through AREG.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 20 September 2010; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2010.168.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Lisi S, Sisto M, Lofrumento DD, Cucci L, Frassanito MA, Mitolo V, D’Amore M. Pro-inflammatory role of Anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies through the activation of Furin–TACE–amphiregulin axis. J Autoimmun 2010; 35:160-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sharma A, Bartell SM, Baile CA, Chen B, Podolsky RH, McIndoe RA, She JX. Hepatic gene expression profiling reveals key pathways involved in leptin-mediated weight loss in ob/ob mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12147. [PMID: 20808936 PMCID: PMC2922341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin, a cytokine-like protein, plays an important role in the regulation of body weight through inhibition of food intake and stimulation of energy expenditure. Leptin circulates in blood and acts on the brain, which sends downstream signals to regulate body weight. Leptin therapy has been successful in treating leptin deficient obese patients. However, high levels of leptin have been observed in more common forms of obesity indicating a state of leptin resistance which limits the application of leptin in the treatment of obesity. If the central effect of leptin could be by-passed and genes which respond to leptin treatment could be regulated directly, new therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity may be possible. The purpose of this study was to identify genes and subsequent pathways correlated with leptin-mediated weight loss. Methodology/Principal Findings We utilized microarray technology to compare hepatic gene expression changes after two types of leptin administration: one involving a direct stimulatory effect when administered peripherally (subcutaneous: SQ) and another that is indirect, involving a hypothalamic relay that suppresses food intake when leptin is administered centrally (intracerebroventricular: ICV). We identified 214 genes that correlate with leptin mediated weight loss. Several biological processes such as mitochondrial metabolic pathways, lipid metabolic and catabolic processes, lipid biosynthetic processes, carboxylic acid metabolic processes, iron ion binding and glutathione S-transferases were downregulated after leptin administration. In contrast, genes involved in the immune system inflammatory response and lysosomal activity were found to be upregulated. Among the cellular compartments mitochondrion (32 genes), endoplasmic reticulum (22 genes) and vacuole (8 genes) were significantly over represented. Conclusions/Significance In this study we have identified key molecular pathways and downstream genes which respond to leptin treatment and are involved in leptin-mediated weight loss. Many of these genes have previously been shown to be associated with obesity; however, we have also identified a number of other novel target genes. Further investigation will be required to assess the possible use of these genes and their associated protein products as therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shoshana M. Bartell
- Animal & Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Clifton A. Baile
- Animal & Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bo Chen
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Podolsky
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard A. McIndoe
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cavalheiro RA, Marin RM, Rocco SA, Cerqueira FM, Caldeira da Silva CC, Rittner R, Kowaltowski AJ, Vercesi AE, Franchini KG, Castilho RF. Potent cardioprotective effect of the 4-anilinoquinazoline derivative PD153035: involvement of mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10666. [PMID: 20498724 PMCID: PMC2871796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of the 4-anilinoquinazoline derivative PD153035 on cardiac ischemia/reperfusion and mitochondrial function. Methodology/Principal Findings Perfused rat hearts and cardiac HL-1 cells were used to determine cardioprotective effects of PD153035. Isolated rat heart mitochondria were studied to uncover mechanisms of cardioprotection. Nanomolar doses of PD153035 strongly protect against heart and cardiomyocyte damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion and cyanide/aglycemia. PD153035 did not alter oxidative phosphorylation, nor directly prevent Ca2+ induced mitochondrial membrane permeability transition. The protective effect of PD153035 on HL-1 cells was also independent of AKT phosphorylation state. Interestingly, PD153035 activated K+ transport in isolated mitochondria, in a manner prevented by ATP and 5-hydroxydecanoate, inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels (mitoKATP). 5-Hydroxydecanoate also inhibited the cardioprotective effect of PD153035 in cardiac HL-1 cells, demonstrating that this protection is dependent on mitoKATP activation. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that PD153035 is a potent cardioprotective compound and acts in a mechanism involving mitoKATP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata A. Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M. Marin
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvana A. Rocco
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M. Cerqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Rittner
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alicia J. Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anibal E. Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Kleber G. Franchini
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RFC); (KGF)
| | - Roger F. Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RFC); (KGF)
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