Increased Risk of Diabetes and Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated With COVID-19

Mortality trends from all causes and diabetes mellitus according to sex between 1998 and 2021

Introduction

The variation of mortality rates according to sex, regarding mortality from all causes and from specific conditions related to diabtes mellitus (DM) is widely discussed.

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyze the mortality trends from all causes and DM according to sex in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, between 1998 and 2021.

Methodology

This was a retrospective, observational, epidemiological, population-based study. Data were collected from the Unified Health System, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and the Automatic Recovery System. A time series analysis was conducted using age-adjusted rates for segmented analysis with annual percentage change and average annual percentage change (AAPC) computed.

Results

All-cause mortality rose from 2.080 to 3.806 deaths, an 82.31% increase, with a stable trend (AAPC: −0.70%). DM-related deaths increased from 84 to 168, with a stable trend (AAPC: −0.90%). Sex-specific mortality figures show a higher average mortality rate in males for all causes (26.50% higher) and females for DM (25% higher). All-cause mortality had a stationary trend for both sexes. DM mortality showed a slight decline in females (AAPC: −1.30%) but remained stable in males.

Conclusions

Men maintained a higher mortality rate from all causes when compared to women. Women kept a higher DM-related mortality rate than men, although their DM-related mortality rate showed a decreasing trend throughout the period evaluated.