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Use of a Single Wearable Sensor to Evaluate the Effects of Gait and Pelvis Asymmetries on the Components of the Timed Up and Go Test, in Persons with Unilateral Lower Limb Amputation. SENSORS 2021; 22:s22010095. [PMID: 35009638 PMCID: PMC8747521 DOI: 10.3390/s22010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test quantifies physical mobility by measuring the total performance time. In this study, we quantified the single TUG subcomponents and, for the first time, explored the effects of gait cycle and pelvis asymmetries on them. Transfemoral (TF) and transtibial (TT) amputees were compared with a control group. A single wearable inertial sensor, applied to the back, captured kinematic data from the body and pelvis during the 10-m walk test and the TUG test. From these data, two categories of symmetry indexes (SI) were computed: One SI captured the differences between the antero-posterior accelerations of the two sides during the gait cycle, while another set of SI quantified the symmetry over the three-dimensional pelvis motions. Moreover, the total time of the TUG test, the time of each subcomponent, and the velocity of the turning subcomponents were measured. Only the TF amputees showed significant reductions in each SI category when compared to the controls. During the TUG test, the TF group showed a longer duration and velocity reduction mainly over the turning subtasks. However, for all the amputees there were significant correlations between the level of asymmetries and the velocity during the turning tasks. Overall, gait cycle and pelvis asymmetries had a specific detrimental effect on the turning performance instead of on linear walking.
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Mangano GR, Valle MS, Casabona A, Vagnini A, Cioni M. Age-Related Changes in Mobility Evaluated by the Timed Up and Go Test Instrumented through a Single Sensor. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20030719. [PMID: 32012930 PMCID: PMC7038469 DOI: 10.3390/s20030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mobility across people with a large range of age was evaluated, for the first time, by using an instrumented timed up and go test (iTUG) based on signals acquired by a single wearable inertial sensor. Eighty healthy participants, from childhood to old age, performed the test, covering walking distances of 3 m and 7 m. Total time, temporal, and velocity parameters of linear and turning subcomponents of the test were quantified. While children, adults, and senior adults exhibited similar values for all the parameters, older adults showed increases in duration and reductions in velocity during the turning phases when compared with the other groups. an increase in velocity was observed during mid turning when the test was performed along the longer distance. Similarity across children, adults, and senior adults indicates that healthy individuals develop the abilities performed in the iTUG early, while the slowing down shown during the turning phases by the older adults may reflect the need to implement adaptive adjustments to face changes of direction. These results emphasize the idea that reducing equipment to a single sensor provides an appropriate quantification when the iTUG is used to investigate a broader age range or different levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia R.A. Mangano
- Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Residency Program of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria S. Valle
- Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-7381328
| | - Antonino Casabona
- Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Residency Program of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cioni
- Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Residency Program of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Delgado-Alvarado M, Marano M, Santurtún A, Urtiaga-Gallano A, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Infante J. Nonpharmacological, nonsurgical treatments for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Mov Disord 2019; 35:204-214. [PMID: 31769904 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing of gait is a disabling phenomenon that appears in a substantial number of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients as the disease evolves. It is considered to be one of the most relevant contributing factors to worsening of quality of life. Current pharmacological or surgical treatment options have limited efficacy. Thus, alternative nonpharmacological/nonsurgical approaches have emerged in recent years in an attempt to improve quality of life in PD. This systematic review summarizes studies of such therapies over the past 5 years. Thirty-five studies were evaluated by use of a qualitative evaluation, while the methodological quality was assessed using validated tools. According to our results, there appear to be two broad categories of nonpharmacological therapies: those that seek a long-lasting benefit and those that aim to achieve a transient effect to overcome the freezing of gait episode. Among the former, it is possible to differentiate between "passive" therapies, which include transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation, and "active" therapies, which are based on different cognitive or physical training programs. Finally, "transient effect" therapies use different types of cues, such as visual, auditory, or proprioceptive stimuli, to attempt to shift the patient's habitual motor control to a goal-directed one. In conclusion, a broad spectrum of nonpharmacological/nonsurgical approaches for freezing of gait has emerged in recent years with promising results. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado-Alvarado
- Neurology Department, Sierrallana Hospital, Torrelavega, Spain.,Psychiatry Research Area, IDIVAL, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Marano
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana Santurtún
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Centro de investigación en red de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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