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Centenaro GG, Favoreto MW, Cordeiro DCF, Gumy FN, Machado AG, Cochinski GD, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Effect of the type of application tip for 35% hydrogen peroxide on bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity: A randomized clinical trial. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024. [PMID: 38475979 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the bleaching efficacy (BE) and tooth sensitivity (TS) of in-office bleaching using different application tips. METHODS Forty-eight participants were selected (split-mouth), one to receive bleaching with an attached brush tip and one with a conventional tip. The procedure was performed with Whiteness Automixx Plus 35%. The BE was evaluated at the beginning, weekly, one and 12 months post-bleaching with a Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (ΔE*ab , ΔE00 , and WID ) and with Vita classical A1-D4 and Vita Bleachedguide shade guides units (ΔSGU). Absolute risk and intensity of TS were recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale. The equivalence of BE was analyzed using the two one-sided t-tests for paired samples. The absolute risk of TS was evaluated using the McNemar test, and the TS intensity was measured with the paired t test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The equivalence of BE was observed for both groups in all color evaluations (p > 0.05). A lower absolute risk and intensity of TS were observed for the attached brush tip when compared with the conventional tip (p < 0.003 and p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Using an attached brush tip showed the same BE as a conventional tip. However, for the attached brush tip, there was a reduction in TS. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The applicator-attached brush tip is recommended for in-office dental bleaching, because of the possible reduction in risk and intensity of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle G Centenaro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Michael W Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Deisy C F Cordeiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Fernanda N Gumy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Amanda G Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Gabriel D Cochinski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Hadwan MH, Hussein MJ, Mohammed RM, Hadwan AM, Saad Al-Kawaz H, Al-Obaidy SSM, Al Talebi ZA. An improved method for measuring catalase activity in biological samples. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae015. [PMID: 38524731 PMCID: PMC10957919 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is an important enzyme that protects biomolecules against oxidative damage by breaking down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. CAT is present in all aerobic microbes, animals, and plants. It is, however, absent from normal human urine but can be detected in pathological urine. CAT testing can thus help to detect such urine. This study presents a novel spectrophotometric method for determining CAT activity characterized by its simplicity, sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity. The method involves incubating enzyme-containing samples with a carefully chosen concentration of H2O2 for a specified incubation period. Subsequently, a solution containing ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) is added to terminate the enzyme activity. A distinctive maroon-colored ferrisulfosalicylate complex is formed. The formation of this complex is a direct result of the reaction between FAS and any residual peroxide present. This leads to the generation of ferric ions when coordinated with SSA. The complex has a maximum absorbance of 490 nm. This advanced method eliminates the need for concentrated acids to stop CAT activity, making it safer and easier to handle. A comparative analysis against the standard ferrithiocyanate method showed a correlation coefficient of 0.99, demonstrating the new method's comparable effectiveness and reliability. In conclusion, a simple and reliable protocol for assessing CAT activity, which utilizes a cuvette or microplate, has been demonstrated in this study. This interference-free protocol can easily be used in research and clinical analysis with considerable accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marwah Jaber Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Hilla 51002, Iraq
| | - Rawa M Mohammed
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Al-Mustaqbal, Hilla 51001, Iraq
| | - Asad M Hadwan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, po 5166616471, Iran
- Al-Manara College for Medical Sciencespo Al-Amarah 62001, Iraq
| | - Hawraa Saad Al-Kawaz
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, University of Al-Mustaqbal, Hilla 51001, Iraq
| | - Saba S M Al-Obaidy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Hilla 51002, Iraq
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3
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Favoreto MW, Parreiras SO, Wendlinger M, Carneiro TDS, Lenhani MI, Borges CPF, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide permeability, color change, and physical-chemical properties on the in-office dental bleaching with different mixing tip. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:460-468. [PMID: 37728145 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration into the pulp chamber, color change (CC), physical-chemical properties, and material wastage (MW) and material used (MU) in mixing tips when using in-office bleaching gels with two different mixing tips. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty teeth were divided into five groups (n = 8) based on the bleaching gels used (Pola Office +37.5% [PO+] and Whiteness HP Automixx Plus 35% [AM+]) and the mixing tip types (T-Mixer and Helical). A negative control group was treated with ultra-purified water. HP concentration was measured using UV-Vis, and CC was evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer. Initial concentration, pH, and viscosity were measured through Titration, a Digital pH meter, and Rheometer, respectively. MW and MU were measured using a precise analytical balance. Statistical analysis included two-way ANOVA, Tukey's, and Dunnett's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS A higher HP concentration was observed with PO+ with the Helical mixing tip in comparison with AM+ (p = 0.01). No significant differences in CC or MU were found for different mixing tips (p = 0.001). The T-mixer mixing tip resulted in significantly less MW (p < 0.00001) and improved mixture homogeneity and viscosity. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing a T-mixer with self-mixing bleaching gels achieves comparable CC while reducing MW. Moreover, it decreases HP penetration when using PO+. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE For the application of a self-mixing in-office bleaching gel, a T-mixer mixing tip should be recommended, as it reduces the penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber when using PO+, while also minimizing gel wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sibelli Olivieri Parreiras
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Michel Wendlinger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Taynara De Souza Carneiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
- Area of Stomatology, IDIBO Research Group, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariah Ignez Lenhani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Vardasca IS, Favoreto MW, de Araujo Regis M, de Souza Carneiro T, Hul EA, Borges CPF, Reis A, Loguercio AD, Francci C. Low and high hydrogen peroxide concentrations of in-office dental bleaching associated with violet light: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:171. [PMID: 38400920 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess hydrogen peroxide (HP) penetration within the pulp chamber, color change (CC), physical-chemical properties, and temperature using in-office different concentration bleaching gels with or without violet light. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty teeth were divided into five groups (n = 10) based on the HP concentration bleaching gels used (6% and 35%) and the used violet light (with or without). HP penetration within the pulp chamber was measured using UV-Vis. The CC was evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer. Initial and final concentration, and pH were measured through titration, and a Digital pHmeter, respectively. Temperature analyses were measured through a thermocouple. Statistical analysis included two-way ANOVA, Tukey's, and Dunnett's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The presence of violet light did not affect the amount of HP within the pulp chamber, or the CC (p > 0.05). Greater penetration of HP was observed within the pulp chamber, as well as CC when using 35% HP (p < 0.05). The final concentration of both gels was lower than the initial concentration, regardless of the use of violet light (p < 0.05). The initial and final pH levels remained neutral and stable (p > 0.05). The pulp temperature increased when the gels were used in conjunction with violet light (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Using violet light in conjunction with 6% or 35% HP does not alter the physical properties of the bleaching agents, the penetration of HP or enhance color change. However, an increase in temperature was observed when violet light was applied associated with bleaching gels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE While the simultaneous use of violet light with hydrogen peroxide 6% or 35% does not alter the material's properties, it also does not bring benefits in reducing hydrogen peroxide penetration and improving color change. Furthermore, the use of violet light increases pulp temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Willian Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Taynara de Souza Carneiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
- Area of Stomatology, IDIBO Research Group, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emanuel Adriano Hul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M - Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Francci
- Department of Dental Materials, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Carneiro TS, Favoreto MW, Mena-Serrano A, Wendlinger M, Forville H, Reis A, Ceballos L, Loguercio AD. In vitro evaluation of the effect of different bleaching varnishes: Hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber and color change. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:402-409. [PMID: 37681984 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber and the color change of different bleaching varnishes in low concentrations used for at-home bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety healthy premolars were used, randomly distributed into nine groups (n = 10) according to bleaching varnish (PL, PolaLuminate; VS, VivaStyle Paint On Plus; CA, Cavex Bite&White whitening pen and; AW AlignerWhite) and time (10 and 30 min), and a control group (no bleaching). The penetration of HP was evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. To evaluate the color change (ΔEab , ΔE00 , ΔWID ) a digital spectrophotometer was used (α = 0.05). RESULTS The AW group in 10 min and the control group showed similar and lower HP penetration in the pulp chamber when compared to the other groups (p = 0.003). Increasing the application time to 30 minutes elevated the amount of HP inside the pulp chamber for all groups (p = 0.003), except for PL (p > 0.05). When applied for 30 min all bleaching varnishes showed higher color change (ΔWID ) when compared to 10 min (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS For all bleaching varnishes evaluated, PolaLuminate applied for 30 min showed lower penetration into the pulp chamber and higher bleaching effects. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of bleaching varnishes seems promising for teeth bleaching, but it varies according to user product and protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taynara S Carneiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Area of Stomatology, IDIBO research group, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael W Favoreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Wendlinger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Forville
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Laura Ceballos
- Area of Stomatology, IDIBO research group, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Carneiro TDS, Favoreto MW, Ferreira MWC, Bernardi LG, Andrade HFD, Bandeca MC, Reis A, Ceballos García L, Loguercio AD. In-office dental bleaching in adolescents using 6% hydrogen peroxide with different application tips: randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230216. [PMID: 37909527 PMCID: PMC10609651 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the availability of in-office bleaching gels with a 6% concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP), these gels have not been evaluated in younger patients. They are commercially available with a tip, associated or not with a brush, where the tip with a brush spreads the gel over the entire surface to have a smaller thickness (thin layer) since the manufacturers indicate the application of a thin layer of gel. This randomized, split-mouth, double-blind clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of in-office bleaching with 6% HP in adolescents using different application tips, as well tooth sensitivity (TS) and aesthetic self-perception. METHODOLOGY Sixty participants were randomized for 6% HP self-mixing bleaching gel tip design: without brush and with brush. In-office bleaching was performed in 3 sessions of 50 minutes. Color change was evaluated using a digital spectrophotometer (ΔE ab , ΔE 00 , and ΔWI D ) and color guide (ΔSGU), the absolute risk and intensity of TS with a visual analogue scale and aesthetic self-perception with the oral aesthetic scale (a=0.05). RESULTS The groups achieved similar bleaching regardless of the application tip (p>0.05). However, only for ΔWI D , a significant mean difference (MD) was observed in the third week (MD 2.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.3; p < 0.001) and at one month (MD 1.6; 95% CI 0.6 to 2.6; p < 0.03) favoring the tip without brush. Regarding TS, 45% in the tip-without-brush group and 33% in the tip-with-brush group reported TS (odds ratio 0.61; 95% CI 0.29 to 1.28; p<0.02), with low TS intensity (MD 0.05; 95% CI -0.06 to 0.17; p>0.36). All patients reported improved aesthetic self-perception after bleaching (MD -1.3; 95% -1.8 to -0.9; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the tip used bleaching with 6% HP achieved a bleaching efficacy and improved the aesthetic self-perception. However, a lower risk of TS for application using the tip with brush was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taynara de Souza Carneiro
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Departamento de Dentística Restauradora , Ponta Grossa , Brasil
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , IDIBO, Madrid , España
| | - Michael Willian Favoreto
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Departamento de Dentística Restauradora , Ponta Grossa , Brasil
| | | | - Laís Giacomini Bernardi
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Departamento de Dentística Restauradora , Ponta Grossa , Brasil
| | | | - Matheus Coelho Bandeca
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Departamento de Dentística Restauradora , Ponta Grossa , Brasil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Departamento de Dentística Restauradora , Ponta Grossa , Brasil
| | - Laura Ceballos García
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , IDIBO, Madrid , España
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