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Zheng J, Hao H. Targeting renal damage: The ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/mas axis in chronic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2024; 124:111413. [PMID: 39293746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a crucial factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, affecting renal function and contributing significantly to renal tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Activation of the classical ACE/Ang II/AT1 axis exacerbates renal damage, while the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis has shown promise in reducing CKD progression in numerous animal models. Recently, the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis has emerged as a promising target for CKD interventions. This review provides a comprehensive review of the pivotal role of this axis in CKD pathogenesis and systematically examines various molecules and pharmaceutical agents targeting this pathway. This review aims to elucidate potential strategies for delaying or halting CKD progression, offering patients more effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Hua Hao
- Department of Pathology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, PR China.
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Suleimani YA, Maskari RA, Ali BH, Ali H, Manoj P, Al-Khamiyasi A, Abdelrahman AM. Nephroprotective effects of diminazene on doxorubicin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:460-468. [PMID: 38053572 PMCID: PMC10693989 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of diminazene, an activator of angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE2), on kidney function and structure in rats with acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The impact of diminazene was compared to that of two other drugs: the ACE inhibitor lisinopril and the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker valsartan. Rats were subjected to a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (13.5 mg/kg) on the 5th day, either alone or in combination with diminazene (15 mg/kg/day), lisinopril (10 mg/kg/day), or valsartan (30 mg/kg/day) for 8 consecutive days. Various markers related to kidney function, oxidative stress, and inflammation were measured in plasma and urine. Additionally, kidney tissues were assessed histopathologically. DOX-induced nephrotoxicity was confirmed by elevated levels of plasma urea, creatinine, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). DOX also led to increased urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and decreased creatinine clearance, albumin levels, and osmolality. Moreover, DOX caused a reduction in renal oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase activities, while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. It also raised plasma inflammatory markers, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Concurrently administering diminazene significantly mitigated these DOX-induced changes, including histopathological alterations like renal tubule necrosis, tubular casts, shrunken glomeruli, and increased renal fibrosis. Similar protective effects were observed with lisinopril and valsartan. These protective effects, at least in part, appear to result from the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of these drugs. In summary, this study suggests that the administration of diminazene, lisinopril, or valsartan had comparable effects in ameliorating the biochemical and histopathological aspects of DOX-induced acute kidney injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Al Suleimani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
| | - Raya Al Maskari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
| | - Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
| | - Haytham Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Priyadarsini Manoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
| | - Ali Al-Khamiyasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
| | - Aly M. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod 123, Oman
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