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Spagnolo F, Pinto V, Muscogiuri E, Romeo F, Calò M, Rini A. When flying can cause stroke: a case of cerebral air embolism requiring craniectomy. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:719-721. [PMID: 37904079 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spagnolo
- Department of Neurology, Antonio Perrino's Hospital, Strada Statale 7 per Taranto, 72100, Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Pinto
- Department of Neurology, Antonio Perrino's Hospital, Strada Statale 7 per Taranto, 72100, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Eluisa Muscogiuri
- Department of Radiology, Antonio Perrino's Hospital, Strada Statale 7 per Taranto, 72100, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Antonio Perrino's Hospital, Strada Statale 7 per Taranto, 72100, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Massimo Calò
- Intensive Care Unit, Antonio Perrino's Hospital, Strada Statale 7 per Taranto, 72100, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Augusto Rini
- Department of Neurology, Antonio Perrino's Hospital, Strada Statale 7 per Taranto, 72100, Brindisi, Italy
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Imam Y, Al-salahat A, Aljurdi S, Mahfoud Z, Reyes CZ, Akhtar N, Abunaib M, Al-Orphaly M, Kim SW, Khodair R, Thekkumpurath T, Abumustafa R, Al-Motawa A, Sameer S, Elsetouhy A, Own A, Kamran S. Stroke in airplane passengers: A study from a large international Hub. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Kim JN, Lee BM. Risk management of free radicals involved in air travel syndromes by antioxidants. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:47-60. [PMID: 29341860 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1427914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Frequent air travelers and airplane pilots may develop various types of illnesses. The environmental risk factors associated with air travel syndromes (ATS) or air travel-related adverse health outcomes raised concerns and need to be assessed in the context of risk management and public health. Accordingly, the aim of the present review was to determine ATS, risk factors, and mechanisms underlying ATS using scientific data and information obtained from Medline, Toxline, and regulatory agencies. Additional information was also extracted from websites of organizations, such as the International Air Transport Association (IATA), International Association for Medical Assistance to Travelers (IAMAT), and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Air travelers are known to be exposed to environmental risk factors, including circadian rhythm disruption, poor cabin air quality, mental stress, high altitude conditions, hormonal dysregulation, physical inactivity, fatigue, biological infections, and alcoholic beverage consumption. Consequences of ATS attributed to air travel include sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia), mental/physical stress, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory diseases, circulatory-related dysfunction, such as cardiac arrest and thrombosis and, at worst, mechanical and terrorism-related airplane crashes. Thus safety measures in the cabin before or after takeoff are undertaken to prevent illnesses or accidents related to flight. In addition, airport quarantine systems are strongly recommended to prepare for any ultimate adverse circumstances. Routine monitoring of environmental risk factors also needs to be considered. Frequently, the mechanisms underlying these adverse manifestations involve free radical generation. Therefore, antioxidant supplementation may help to reduce or prevent adverse outcomes by mitigating health risk factors associated with free radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeum-Nam Kim
- a Department of Airline Service , Howon University , Gunsan-si , South Korea
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- b Division of Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Seobu-ro 2066, Suwon , South Korea
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Humaidan H, Yassi N, Weir L, Davis SM, Meretoja A. Airplane stroke syndrome. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 29:77-80. [PMID: 26898578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Only 37 cases of stroke during or soon after long-haul flights have been published to our knowledge. In this retrospective observational study, we searched the Royal Melbourne Hospital prospective stroke database and all discharge summaries from 1 September 2003 to 30 September 2014 for flight-related strokes, defined as patients presenting with stroke within 14days of air travel. We hypothesised that a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an important, but not the only mechanism, of flight-related stroke. We describe the patient, stroke, and flight characteristics. Over the study period, 131 million passengers arrived at Melbourne airport. Our centre admitted 5727 stroke patients, of whom 42 (0.73%) had flight-related strokes. Flight-related stroke patients were younger (median age 65 versus 73, p<0.001), had similar stroke severity, and received intravenous thrombolysis more often than non-flight-related stroke patients. Seven patients had flight-related intracerebral haemorrhage. The aetiology of the ischaemic strokes was cardioembolic in 14/35 (40%), including seven patients with confirmed PFO, one with atrial septal defect, four with atrial fibrillation, one with endocarditis, and one with aortic arch atheroma. Paradoxical embolism was confirmed in six patients. Stroke related to air travel is a rare occurrence, less than one in a million. Although 20% of patients had a PFO, distribution of stroke aetiologies was diverse and was not limited to PFO and paradoxical embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Humaidan
- Neuroscience Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex Ministry of Health, Bahrain; Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Louise Weir
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Stephen M Davis
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Atte Meretoja
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
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Álvarez-Velasco R, Masjuan J, DeFelipe A, Corral I, Estévez-Fraga C, Crespo L, Alonso-Cánovas A. Stroke in Commercial Flights. Stroke 2016; 47:1117-9. [PMID: 26892280 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.012637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke on board aircraft has been reported in retrospective case series, mainly focusing on economy class stroke syndrome. Data on the actual incidence, pathogenesis, and prognosis of stroke in commercial flights are lacking. METHODS A prospective registry was designed to include all consecutive patients referred from an international airport (40 million passengers a year) to our hospital with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and onset of symptoms during a flight or immediately after landing. RESULTS Forty-four patients (32 ischemic strokes and 12 transient ischemic attacks) were included over a 76-month period (January 2008 to April 2014). The estimated incidence of stroke was 1 stroke in 35 000 flights. Pathogeneses of stroke or transient ischemic attack were atherothrombotic in 16 (36%), economy class stroke syndrome in 8 (18%), cardioembolic in 7 (16%), arterial dissection in 4 (9%), lacunar stroke in 4 (9%), and undetermined in 5 (12%) patients. Carotid stenosis >70% was found in 12 (27%) of the patients. Overall prognosis was good, and thrombolysis was applied in 44% of the cases. The most common reason for not treating patients who had experienced stroke onset midflight was the delay in reaching the hospital. Only 1 patient with symptom onset during the flight prompted a flight diversion. CONCLUSIONS We found a low incidence of stroke in the setting of air travel. Economy class stroke syndrome and arterial dissection were well represented in our sample. However, the main pathogenesis was atherothrombosis with a high proportion of patients with high carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Álvarez-Velasco
- From the Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (R.A.-V., J.M., A.D.F., I.C., C.E.-F., L.C., A.A.-C.); Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); and Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid (J.M.).
| | - Jaime Masjuan
- From the Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (R.A.-V., J.M., A.D.F., I.C., C.E.-F., L.C., A.A.-C.); Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); and Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid (J.M.)
| | - Alicia DeFelipe
- From the Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (R.A.-V., J.M., A.D.F., I.C., C.E.-F., L.C., A.A.-C.); Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); and Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid (J.M.)
| | - Iñigo Corral
- From the Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (R.A.-V., J.M., A.D.F., I.C., C.E.-F., L.C., A.A.-C.); Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); and Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid (J.M.)
| | - Carlos Estévez-Fraga
- From the Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (R.A.-V., J.M., A.D.F., I.C., C.E.-F., L.C., A.A.-C.); Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); and Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid (J.M.)
| | - Leticia Crespo
- From the Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (R.A.-V., J.M., A.D.F., I.C., C.E.-F., L.C., A.A.-C.); Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); and Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid (J.M.)
| | - Araceli Alonso-Cánovas
- From the Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (R.A.-V., J.M., A.D.F., I.C., C.E.-F., L.C., A.A.-C.); Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); and Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid (J.M.)
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