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Liu FL, Kuan NL, Yeh KS. Presence of the Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC-Encoding Genes in Escherichia coli from Companion Animals-A Study from a University-Based Veterinary Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121536. [PMID: 34943748 PMCID: PMC8698527 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase are two enzymes commonly found in Enterobacteriaceae that confer resistance to major antibiotics, such as third-generation cephalosporins that are widely prescribed for both human and animals. We screened for Escherichia coli producing ESBL and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) from dogs and cats brought to National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan from 29 June 2020, to 31 December 2020. The genotypes and phylogenetic relatedness of these E. coli were also analyzed. Fifty samples of E. coli obtained from 249 bacterial isolates were included in this study. Among them, eight isolates had ESBL, seven had pAmpC, and one had both. Thirty-two percent (16/50) of E. coli isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The detected ESBL genes included the blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9 groups, and the blaCMY-2 group was the only gene type found in pAmpC. ESBL-producing E. coli belonged to the pathogenic phylogroup B2, and the sequence types (STs) were ST131 and ST1193. Three isolates were determined to be ST131-O25b, a highly virulent epidemic clone. The pAmpC-producing E. coli were distributed in multiple phylogroups, primarily the commensal phylogroup B1. The STs of the pAmpC-producing E. coli included ST155, ST315, ST617, ST457, ST767, ST372, and ST93; all of these have been reported in humans and animals. Imipenem was active against all the ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli; however, since in humans it is a last-resort antimicrobial, its use in companion animals should be restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ling Liu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (N.-L.K.)
| | - Nan-Ling Kuan
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (N.-L.K.)
- Biology Division, Animal Health Research Institute, Tansui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Sheng Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (F.-L.L.); (N.-L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-33661289
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Kuroda T, Nagata SI, Tamura N, Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Mita H, Minami T, Fukuda K, Hobo S, Kuwano A. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered metronidazole and intravenously administered imipenem in healthy horses and computer-based simulation of pleural fluid concentrations with multiple dosing. Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:783-789. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.10.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ropski MK, Guillaumin J, Monnig AA, Townsend K, McLoughlin MA. Use of cryopoor plasma for albumin replacement and continuous antimicrobial infusion for treatment of septic peritonitis in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:348-356. [PMID: 28135411 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the successful management of a dog with septic peritonitis and septic shock secondary to enterectomy dehiscence using novel techniques for identification of intestinal dehiscence and for septic shock treatment. CASE SUMMARY A 5-year-old castrated male Bernese Mountain Dog presented for lethargy 6 days following enterotomy for foreign body obstruction. Septic peritonitis was identified due to dehiscence of the enterotomy site, and resection and anastomosis were performed using a gastrointestinal anastomosis and thoracoabdominal stapling device. Postoperatively the patient experienced severe hypotension, which responded to norepinephrine constant rate infusion (CRI) after failing to improve with fluid therapy or dopamine CRI. Further treatment included antimicrobial CRI and supportive care including careful fluid therapy. Due to low effective circulating volume paired with intersititial fluid overload and large volume abdominal effusion, fluid therapy consisted of a combination of human serum albumin, canine albumin, synthetic colloids, and isotonic crystalloids. Cryopoor plasma (CPP) was used as a source of canine albumin and intravascular volume. On Day 4, food dye was given through a nasogastric tube due to suspicion of dehiscence of the anastomosis site. Dehiscence was confirmed during abdominal exploratory, and a second resection and anastomosis was performed. Abdominal partial closure with vacuum-assisted closure device was performed. Supportive care was continued with CPP CRI and imipenem CRI. Planned relaparotomy to change the vacuum-assisted closure device was performed 48 hours later, with abdominal closure 96 hours after anastomosis. The patient was discharged on Day 15. Recheck 12 months later was normal. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This case includes novel techniques such food dye via nasogastric tube to identify anastomosis dehiscence, use of CPP as a source of canine albumin, and antimicrobial CRI in a dog with septic peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan K Ropski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Julien Guillaumin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Andrea A Monnig
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Katy Townsend
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Mary A McLoughlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
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Albarellos GA, Montoya L, Passini SM, Lupi MP, Lorenzini PM, Landoni MF. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to cats. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18:976-980. [PMID: 26347549 PMCID: PMC11112232 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15604655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and predicted efficacy of meropenem after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administration to cats at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. METHODS Five adult healthy cats were used. Blood samples were withdrawn at predetermined times over a 12 h period. Meropenem concentrations were determined by microbiological assay. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed with computer software. Initial estimates were determined using the residual method and refitted by non-linear regression. The time that plasma concentrations were greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration (T >MIC) was estimated by applying bibliographic MIC values and meropenem MIC breakpoint. RESULTS Maximum plasma concentrations of meropenem were 101.02 µg/ml (Cp(0), IV), 27.21 µg/ml (Cmax, IM) and 15.57 µg/ml (Cmax, SC). Bioavailability was 99.69% (IM) and 96.52 % (SC). Elimination half-lives for the IV, IM and SC administration were 1.35, 2.10 and 2.26 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Meropenem, when administered to cats at a dose of 10 mg/kg q12h,, is effective against bacteria with MIC values of 6 μg/ml, 7 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml for IV, IM and SC administration, respectively. However, clinical trials are necessary to confirm clinical efficacy of the proposed dosage regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Albarellos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Montoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina M Passini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín P Lupi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula M Lorenzini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Landoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Aoki T, Sunahara H, Sugimoto K, Ito T, Kanai E, Fujii Y. Infective endocarditis of the aortic valve in a Border collie dog with patent ductus arteriosus. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:331-6. [PMID: 25391395 PMCID: PMC4383780 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) in dogs with cardiac shunts has not been reported previously.
However, we encountered a dog with concurrent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and IE. The
dog was a 1-year-old, 13.9-kg female Border collie and presented with anorexia, weight
loss, pyrexia (40.4°C) and lameness. A continuous murmur with maximal intensity over the
left heart base (Levine 5/6) was detected on auscultation. Echocardiography revealed a PDA
and severe aortic stenosis (AS) caused by aortic-valve vegetative lesions.
Corynebacterium spp. and Bacillus subtilis were
isolated from blood cultures. The dog responded to aggressive antibiotic therapy, and the
PDA was subsequently surgically corrected. After a series of treatments, the dog showed
long-term improvement in clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Aoki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Albarellos GA, Denamiel GA, Montoya L, Quaine PC, Lupi MP, Landoni MF. Pharmacokinetics of imipenem after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to cats. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 15:483-7. [PMID: 23253883 PMCID: PMC10816308 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x12471526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study describes the pharmacokinetics and predicted efficacy of imipenem after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administration to five adult cats at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Susceptibility to imipenem [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)] was determined for antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli (n = 13) and staphylococci (n = 3) isolated from domestic cat infections (urinary system, skin and conjunctiva). Maximum plasma concentrations of imipenem were 13.45 µg/ml (IV), 6.47 µg/ml (IM) and 3.83 µg/ml (SC). Bioavailability was 93.18% (IM) and 107.90% (SC). Elimination half-lives for IV, IM and SC administration were 1.17, 1.44 and 1.55 h, respectively. All tested bacteria were susceptible to imipenem; MIC values were 0.03 µg/ml for Staphylococcus species and <0.25-0.5 µg/ml for E coli. Mean imipenem concentrations remained above a MIC of 0.5 µg/ml for approximately 4 h (IV and IM) and 9 h (SC). Imipenem would be predicted to be effective for the treatment of antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections in cats at a dosage of 5 mg/kg every 6-8 h (IV, IM), or longer for the SC route. However, clinical trials are mandatory to establish its efficacy and proper dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Albarellos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a bacterial disease that commonly occurs in dogs. Difficulty in diagnosis and underreporting of IE in dogs contribute to the reported low prevalence rate of the disease. The mitral and aortic valves are the worst affected by IE. Common causative microbial agents include Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, and Bartonella spp. Congestive heart failure, immune-mediated disease, and thromboembolism are the major complications of IE. Diagnosis of IE by echocardiography and long-term treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics may contribute to the timely detection and treatment of the disease.
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Abo EL-Sooud K, Khammas W, Kadri MN. Pharmacokinetics of Imipenem in Sheep with Special Reference to Its Hepato-Renal Effects. Chemotherapy 2007; 53:169-72. [PMID: 17361077 DOI: 10.1159/000100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imipenem is a carbapenem antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of imipenem after single intravenous and intramuscular injections and the effect of repeated intramuscular injections on hepato-renal functions in sheep. METHODS Imipenem concentrations in plasma and urine were determined by a microbiological agar plate assay. RESULTS Following intramuscular injection, imipenem was rapidly absorbed and the peak plasma concentration was 9.99 microg ml(-1) and the systemic bioavailability was 65.97%. Urine concentrations of imipenem were much higher than in plasma. Light and electron microscopy evidenced little changes in the kidney and liver. CONCLUSION Imipenem is likely to be efficacious in most urinary tract infections and has no adverse effects on hepato-renal structures and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abo EL-Sooud
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
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Orsini JA, Moate PJ, Boston RC, Norman T, Engiles J, Benson CE, Poppenga R. Pharmacokinetics of imipenem-cilastatin following intravenous administration in healthy adult horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2005; 28:355-61. [PMID: 16050815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2005.00667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In two studies, six healthy adult horses were given imipenem-cilastatin by slow intravenous (i.v.) infusion at an imipenem dosage of 10 mg/kg (study 1) and 20 mg/kg (study 2). The same horses were used in each dosage schedule, with a 2-week washout period between studies. In each dosage group, serial blood and synovial fluid samples were collected for 6 h after completion of the infusion. HPLC was used to determine the imipenem concentration in all samples. Imipenem was well tolerated by all horses at both dosages; no adverse effects were noted during the study period or during the 24-hour postinfusion observation period. The pharmacokinetic profiles of imipenem in the plasma and synovial fluid indicate that an imipenem dosage of 10-20 mg/kg by slow i.v. infusion q6h (every 6 h) is appropriate for most susceptible pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Orsini
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19348, USA.
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