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Wang Z, Diaz A, Isdale R, Kofron K, Carr SV, Lappin M. Effect of tamsulosin on urethral tone in healthy male cats. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X231220845. [PMID: 38381462 PMCID: PMC10911306 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231220845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alpha-adrenergic antagonists are commonly used to prevent recurrent urethral obstruction in cats with mixed reports of efficacy. No published data on tamsulosin use in cats are available. The objective of this study was to measure changes in urodynamic parameters and blood pressure in five healthy male cats before and after administration of tamsulosin orally for 4 and 10 days. METHODS Five young healthy adult male cats from a research colony were administered tamsulosin at 0.1 mg/cat PO q24h for 10 days. Urethral pressure profile and blood pressure measurements were performed before treatment and approximately 6 h after treatment on days 4 and 10. Maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) for the prostatic and penile urethra, functional urethral length (FPL), functional area (FA) and systolic blood pressures were recorded and compared between the time points. RESULTS Significant changes in blood pressure on day 4 (121.1 mmHg ± 20.2 mmHg) and on day 10 (112.6 mmHg ± 14.9 mmHg) compared with day 0 (141.1 mmHg± 33.4 mmHg) were not detected (P = 0.18) in anesthetized cats. No significant difference in MUCP, FA or FPL measurements were detected among baseline, day 4 and day 10 of treatment. Hematuria and transient pollakiuria were induced in two cats with 3.5 Fr urethral catheters. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Tamsulosin at 0.1 mg/cat PO q24h did not induce hypotension in healthy cats. Urodynamic testing performed 6 h after the tamsulosin pill was administered did not detect consistent decreases in urodynamic functions induced by tamsulosin. Repeated catheterization of tom cats with 3.5 Fr catheters may induce significant urethral trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Amanda Diaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rachael Isdale
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kristine Kofron
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Susan V Carr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Xu JJ, Yousuf Z, Ouyang Z, Kennedy E, Lester PA, Martin T, Bruns TM. Anesthetic agents affect urodynamic parameters and anesthetic depth at doses necessary to facilitate preclinical testing in felines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11401. [PMID: 32647241 PMCID: PMC7347647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Urodynamic studies, used to understand bladder function, diagnose bladder disease, and develop treatments for dysfunctions, are ideally performed with awake subjects. However, in small and medium-sized animal models, anesthesia is often required for these procedures and can be a research confounder. This study compared the effects of select survival agents (dexmedetomidine, alfaxalone, and propofol) on urodynamic (Δpressure, bladder capacity, bladder compliance, non-voiding contractions, bladder pressure slopes) and anesthetic (change in heart rate [∆HR], average heart rate [HR], reflexes, induction/recovery times) parameters in repeated cystometrograms across five adult male cats. The urodynamic parameters under isoflurane and α-chloralose were also examined in terminal procedures for four cats. Δpressure was greatest with propofol, bladder capacity was highest with α-chloralose, non-voiding contractions were greatest with α-chloralose. Propofol and dexmedetomidine had the highest bladder pressure slopes during the initial and final portions of the cystometrograms respectively. Cats progressed to a deeper plane of anesthesia (lower HR, smaller ΔHR, decreased reflexes) under dexmedetomidine, compared to propofol and alfaxalone. Time to induction was shortest with propofol, and time to recovery was shortest with dexmedetomidine. These agent-specific differences in urodynamic and anesthetic parameters in cats will facilitate appropriate study-specific anesthetic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Jessica Xu
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zuha Yousuf
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhonghua Ouyang
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric Kennedy
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrick A Lester
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tara Martin
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tim M Bruns
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Holmes GM, Hubscher CH, Krassioukov A, Jakeman LB, Kleitman N. Recommendations for evaluation of bladder and bowel function in pre-clinical spinal cord injury research. J Spinal Cord Med 2019; 43:165-176. [PMID: 31556844 PMCID: PMC7054945 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1661697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In order to encourage the inclusion of bladder and bowel outcome measures in preclinical spinal cord injury (SCI) research, this paper identifies and categorizes 1) fundamental, 2) recommended, 3) supplemental and 4) exploratory sets of outcome measures for pre-clinical assessment of bladder and bowel function with broad applicability to animal models of SCI.Methods: Drawing upon the collective research experience of autonomic physiologists and informed in consultation with clinical experts, a critical assessment of currently available bladder and bowel outcome measures (histological, biochemical, in vivo functional, ex vivo physiological and electrophysiological tests) was made to identify the strengths, deficiencies and ease of inclusion for future studies of experimental SCI.Results: Based upon pre-established criteria generated by the Neurogenic Bladder and Bowel Working Group that included history of use in experimental settings, citations in the literature by multiple independent groups, ease of general use, reproducibility and sensitivity to change, three fundamental measures each for bladder and bowel assessments were identified. Briefly defined, these assessments centered upon tissue morphology, voiding efficiency/volume and smooth muscle-mediated pressure studies. Additional assessment measures were categorized as recommended, supplemental or exploratory based upon the balance between technical requirements and potential mechanistic insights to be gained by the study.Conclusion: Several fundamental assessments share reasonable levels of technical and material investment, including some that could assess bladder and bowel function non-invasively and simultaneously. Such measures used more inclusively across SCI studies would advance progress in this high priority area. When complemented with a few additional investigator-selected study-relevant supplemental measures, they are highly recommended for research programs investigating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in preclinical animal models of SCI that have a bladder and/or bowel focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Holmes
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA,Correspondence to: Gregory M. Holmes, Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA 17036, USA. ;
| | - Charles H. Hubscher
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andrei Krassioukov
- ICORD, University of British Columbia, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lyn B. Jakeman
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Nivy R, Segev G, Rimer D, Bruchim Y, Aroch I, Mazaki-Tovi M. A prospective randomized study of efficacy of 2 treatment protocols in preventing recurrence of clinical signs in 51 male cats with obstructive idiopathic cystitis. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2117-2123. [PMID: 31400046 PMCID: PMC6766499 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urethral obstruction (UO) is a common complication of feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). Robust treatment recommendations to prevent its recurrence are scarce. Objectives To evaluate meloxicam treatment for prevention of clinical recrudescence in male cats with obstructive FIC. Animals Fifty‐one client‐owned cats. Methods Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Every male cat with FIC‐associated UO was deemed eligible for the study and was recruited during hospitalization. After discharge, cats were treated with phenoxybenzamine and alprazolam for 2 weeks, with (24 cats) or without (27 cats) low‐dose meloxicam (0.025 mg/kg/day PO) and monitored for 6 months. Results Cumulative number (%) of cats with recurrent UO at 10 days, 1‐, 2‐, and 6‐months after discharge was 1 (2%), 2 (4%), 4 (8%), and 8 (16%), respectively. Overall, 12 (24%) cats experienced signs of recurrent FIC within 6 months, with (8 cats) or without (4 cats) concurrent UO. No difference in the cumulative incidence of UO within 6 months was detected with addition of meloxicam (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.63 [0.13‐2.97]; P = .70). All cats were alive at 6 months. Conclusions and Clinical Importance No clinical benefit was detected with the addition of low‐dose meloxicam to phenoxybenzamine and alprazolam treatment for 2 weeks after discharge. Nevertheless, this study was underpowered to identify potential differences, and its findings must be corroborated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nivy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dar Rimer
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaron Bruchim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itamar Aroch
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Mazaki-Tovi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Westropp JL, Delgado M, Buffington CAT. Chronic Lower Urinary Tract Signs in Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:187-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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6
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Sparkes A. Understanding feline idiopathic cystitis. IN PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.k435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Reineke EL, Thomas EK, Syring RS, Savini J, Drobatz KJ. The effect of prazosin on outcome in feline urethral obstruction. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:387-396. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Reineke
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine; Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Emily K. Thomas
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine; Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Rebecca S. Syring
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine; Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Jennifer Savini
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine; Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Kenneth J. Drobatz
- Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine; Philadelphia PA 19104
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Patnaik SS, Laganà AS, Vitale SG, Butticè S, Noventa M, Gizzo S, Valenti G, Rapisarda AMC, La Rosa VL, Magno C, Triolo O, Dandolu V. Etiology, pathophysiology and biomarkers of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 295:1341-1359. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Kullmann FA, Wells GI, Langdale CL, Zheng J, Thor KB. Stability of the acetic acid-induced bladder irritation model in alpha chloralose-anesthetized female cats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73771. [PMID: 24040064 PMCID: PMC3767621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Time- and vehicle-related variability of bladder and urethral rhabdosphincter (URS) activity as well as cardiorespiratory and blood chemistry values were examined in the acetic acid-induced bladder irritation model in α-chloralose-anesthetized female cats. Additionally, bladder and urethra were evaluated histologically using Mason trichrome and toluidine blue staining. Urodynamic, cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were collected during intravesical saline infusion followed by acetic acid (0.5%) to irritate the bladder. One hour after starting acetic acid infusion, a protocol consisting of a cystometrogram, continuous infusion-induced rhythmic voiding contractions, and a 5 min "quiet period" (bladder emptied without infusion) was precisely repeated every 30 minutes. Administration of vehicle (saline i.v.) occurred 15 minutes after starting each of the first 7 cystometrograms and duloxetine (1mg/kg i.v.) after the 8(th). Acetic acid infusion into the bladder increased URS-EMG activity, bladder contraction frequency, and decreased contraction amplitude and capacity, compared to saline. Bladder activity and URS activity stabilized within 1 and 2 hours, respectively. Duloxetine administration significantly decreased bladder contraction frequency and increased URS-EMG activity to levels similar to previous reports. Cardiorespiratory parameters and blood gas levels remained consistent throughout the experiment. The epithelium of the bladder and urethra were greatly damaged and edema and infiltration of neutrophils in the lamina propria of urethra were observed. These data provide an ample evaluation of the health of the animals, stability of voiding function and appropriateness of the model for testing drugs designed to evaluate lower urinary tract as well as cardiovascular and respiratory systems function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Aura Kullmann
- Urogenix Inc./Astellas, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Grace I. Wells
- Urogenix Inc./Astellas, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Jihong Zheng
- Urogenix Inc./Astellas, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Karl B. Thor
- Urogenix Inc./Astellas, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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11
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Kerr KR. Companion Animals Symposium: dietary management of feline lower urinary tract symptoms. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2965-75. [PMID: 23408812 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-6035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical investigations have confirmed the importance of dietary modifications in medical protocols designed to treat and prevent feline lower urinary tract signs (LUTS). The objective of this review is to discuss common medical conditions contributing to feline LUTS and to present currently used and potential preventative dietary modifications. Feline LUTS are a set of clinical conditions with similar symptoms related to inappropriate urine elimination due to a combination of genetics, stress and frustration reactions, environment, and medical condition or conditions, for example, idiopathic cystitis, urolithiasis, urethral obstruction, and urinary tract infection. The main goals of dietary modifications to prevent LUTS are 1) promote large dilute volumes of urine, 2) decrease the relative supersaturation of urine for specific stone types, and 3) promote healthy bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. The impact of dietary composition, including dietary moisture, protein concentration and digestibility, mineral concentrations (i.e., Na, Cl, Ca, P, and Mg), inclusion of acidifiers and alkalinizing agents, inclusion of vitamin B6, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and γ-linolenic acid, fiber concentration and characteristics, and oxalate degrading probiotics, on these outcomes is discussed, and dietary guidelines for cats are provided. Because of the complex interaction of diet composition, environment, and animal physiology, there is a need for clinical research linking current recommendations or dietary options for the treatment and prevention of LUTS with physiological outcomes (i.e., decreased relative supersaturation and LUTS recurrence). Additionally, for many recommendations (e.g., probiotic administration, EPA, DHA), extrapolation from other species was necessary. Research is needed in feline patients with LUTS on these dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Kerr
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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12
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Hunt GB, Culp WTN, Epstein S, Jandrey K, Ivanov M, Westropp JL. Complications of Stamey percutaneous loop cystostomy catheters in three cats. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 15:503-6. [PMID: 23253880 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x12471519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Complications associated with the Stamey percutaneous loop cystostomy catheter (Cook Medical), including exposure of the most proximal side-hole and leakage of urine from the bladder, were encountered following percutaneous placement in three cats. In all cats, surgical exploration for removal of the catheter was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine B Hunt
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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