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Kanashiro GP, Lima CMS, Nicácio IPGA, Nicácio GM, Brinholi RB, Cassu RN. Maternal and neonatal effects of epidural levobupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil for elective cesarean-section in brachycephalic breeds. Top Companion Anim Med 2024; 60:100873. [PMID: 38616021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the safety and clinical efficacy of epidural levobupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil for bitches undergoing elective cesarean-section and the impact of these anesthetic protocols on neonatal viability. The anesthetic protocol consisted of intramuscular morphine (0.2 mg/kg), followed by an intravenous bolus of propofol, in a dose sufficient to allowed the puncture of the lumbosacral space. The dogs were randomly allocated to receive 0.5 % levobupivacaine plus fentanyl (2.5 µg/kg; LF: n = 9) or sufentanil (1 µg/kg; LS; n = 11). Maternal cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored at specific time points during surgery. Intraoperative propofol supplementation was based on the presence of head and/or thoracic limb movements. Neonatal reflex responses and the Apgar score (range 0-10 points) were assessed at 5 and 60 minutes after birth. Puppy mortality rate was recorded until 24 hours after birth. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). Intraoperatively, maternal cardiorespiratory variables and propofol requirements were similar between groups, with no detection of anesthetic complications. The puppy reflex responses did not differ between groups at any time point. The medians (range) of Apgar scores were lower (P = 0.016) in the LF [5 (1-9)] at 5 minutes in comparison with LS [6 (2-9)], while no intergroup differences were recorded at 60 minutes [LF = 8 (2-10); LS = 9 (6-10]. The total mortality rate was 4.1 %. In the LS group, no puppies died, while in the LF 8 % of the puppies died in the first 24 hours after birth (P = 0.11). Epidural levobupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil provided minimal maternal and neonatal adverse effects, but neither protocol enabled the performance of a C-section in 100 % of the French and English bulldogs, without propofol supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia P Kanashiro
- Departament of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila M S Lima
- Departament of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela P G A Nicácio
- Departament of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M Nicácio
- Departament of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane B Brinholi
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste) Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata N Cassu
- Departament of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
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ZAHRA JOL, SEGATTO CZ, ZANELLI GR, BRUNO TDS, NICÁCIO GM, GIUFFRIDA R, CASSU RN. A comparison of intra and postoperative analgesic effects of sacrococcygeal and lumbosacral epidural levobupivacaine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1172-1179. [PMID: 37793832 PMCID: PMC10686773 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the intra and postoperative analgesic effects of sacrococcygeal epidural levobupivacaine with those of lumbosacral levobupivacaine in feline ovariohysterectomy. Thirty-six cats were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and meperidine (6 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. The cats were randomly assigned one of the three treatments receiving 0.33% levobupivacaine (0.3 mL/kg) into the sacrococcygeal (S-C group, n=12) or lumbosacral (L-S group, n=12) epidural space, or the same volume of 0.9% saline solution into one of the epidural approaches (Control group, n=12). Intraoperatively, cardiorespiratory variables, end-tidal isoflurane concentration (FE´ISO), and fentanyl requirements were recorded. Postoperative pain was assessed by the UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista)-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale and the Glasgow feline composite measure pain scale up to 8 hr post-extubation. Morphine was administered as rescue analgesia. Overall FE´ISO and fentanyl requirements were lower in the L-S and S-C compared to the Control (P=0.002-0.048, respectively). There was no significant difference in the cardiorespiratory variables during anesthesia, postoperative pain and rescue analgesia among groups. The time to standing after anesthesia was prolonged in the L-S and S-C groups than in the Control (P<0.001). Lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal epidural levobupivacaine resulted in similar decreases in isoflurane requirements and intraoperative fentanyl supplementation in the cats, with no postoperative benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Oliveira Lima ZAHRA
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Camila Zanetti SEGATTO
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ricci ZANELLI
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Tatiane dos Santos BRUNO
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Montoro NICÁCIO
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Rogerio GIUFFRIDA
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Renata Navarro CASSU
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Cavaco JS, Otero PE, Ambrósio AM, Neves ICB, Perencin FM, Pereira MAA, Matera JM, Fantoni DT. Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in dogs undergoing ovariectomy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1031345. [PMID: 36387373 PMCID: PMC9659733 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1031345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In medicine, the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been shown as an effective method of analgesia in several surgical procedures. In this context, this prospective, randomized, blinded study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of TAP block, guided by ultrasound in female dogs submitted to ovariectomy. Methods Therefore, 32 animals randomly assigned in two groups (n = 16) were used. Groups consisted of TAP block control (TBC) which received water injection (0.2 ml kg−1 point), and TAP block bupivacaine (TBB) which received bupivacaine (0.2 ml kg−1 point at 0.25%); both groups were submitted to four-point approach. Animals were pre-medicated with acepromazine (0.03 mg kg−1) and meperidine (2 mg kg−1) IM, propofol was used as anesthetic induction (3–5 mg kg−1) IV, and isoflurane was used to maintain. To standardize groups, the animals received a continuous infusion of remifentanil (0.2μg kg−1 min) and rocuronium (0.6 mg kg−1) IV in the intraoperative period. Variables measured were the heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, temperature, peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation, exhaled carbon dioxide concentration, exhaled isoflurane concentration, serum cortisol, analgesia, and sedation. Before the pre-anesthetic medication (Baseline) and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after extubation, pain and sedation were assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS), Glasgow composite measure pain scale (GCMPS-SF), and sedation scale. Moreover, serum cortisol was measured at different moments. Results The results show that in the intraoperative period, there was no significant difference between groups. After surgery, in TBC, 13 out of 16 animals required analgesic rescue, whereas, in TBB, this occurred only in one animal. Regarding the measurement of serum cortisol, the TBC group showed a significant difference when compared to the baseline time in the traction of the first ovary (p < 0.0001), 2 h (p = 0.0441), and 8 h (p = 0.0384) after extubation. In TBB, cortisol showed a significant increase only in the traction of the first ovary and 2 h after extubation (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The technique using ultrasound-guided TAP block in two points approach by hemiabdomen with 0.2 ml kg−1 bupivacaine 0.25% was effective in providing post-operative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Sperandio Cavaco
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jéssica Sperandio Cavaco
| | - Pablo Ezequiel Otero
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aline Magalhães Ambrósio
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ieda Cristina Boni Neves
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Montanheiro Perencin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Amador Pereira
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria Matera
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Tabacchi Fantoni
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Evaluation of analgesic, sympathetic and motor effects of 1% and 2% lidocaine administered epidurally in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 47:797-802. [PMID: 32900618 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare, versus a control, the sensory, sympathetic and motor blockade of lidocaine 1% and 2% administered epidurally in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS A total of 24 mixed-breed intact female dogs. METHODS All dogs were administered dexmedetomidine, tramadol and meloxicam prior to general anesthesia with midazolam-propofol and isoflurane. Animals were randomly assigned for an epidural injection of lidocaine 1% (0.4 mL kg-1; group L1), lidocaine 2% (0.4 mL kg-1; group L2) or no injection (group CONTROL). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pe'CO2), and invasive systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures were recorded every 5 minutes. Increases in physiological variables were treated with fentanyl (3 μg kg-1) intravenously (IV). Phenylephrine (1 μg kg-1) was administered IV when MAP was <60 mmHg. Postoperative pain [Glasgow Composite Pain Score - Short Form (GCPS-SF)] and return of normal ambulation were recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 hours after extubation. RESULTS There were no differences over time or among groups for HR, fR, Pe'CO2 and SAP. MAP and DAP were lower in epidural groups than in CONTROL (p = 0.0146 and 0.0047, respectively). There was no difference in the use of phenylephrine boluses. More fentanyl was administered in CONTROL than in L1 and L2 (p = 0.011). GCPS-SF was lower for L2 than for CONTROL, and lower in L1 than in both other groups (p = 0.001). Time to ambulation was 2 (1-2) hours in L1 and 3 (2-4) hours in L2 (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Epidural administration of lidocaine (0.4 mL kg-1) reduced fentanyl requirements and lowered MAP and DAP. Time to ambulation decreased and postoperative pain scores were improved by use of 1% lidocaine compared with 2% lidocaine.
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Skovira EJ, Behrend EN, Martin LG, Palmer LE, Kemppainen RJ, Lee HP. Effect of laparotomy on the pituitary-adrenal axis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:919-925. [PMID: 28737999 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.8.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess effects of major abdominal surgery on serum cortisol and aldosterone and plasma canine ACTH (cACTH) concentrations. ANIMALS 39 healthy dogs undergoing laparotomy during veterinary student surgical laboratories. PROCEDURES Blood samples were obtained before and at completion of surgery. Serum cortisol and aldosterone and plasma cACTH concentrations were measured by use of validated radioimmunoassays. Changes in concentrations (postoperative concentration minus preoperative concentration) were calculated. Data were analyzed by use of the Wilcoxon signed rank test, Pearson correlation analysis, and Mann-Whitney rank sum test. RESULTS Cortisol, aldosterone, and cACTH concentrations increased significantly from before to after surgery. Although cortisol and aldosterone concentrations increased in almost all dogs, cACTH concentrations decreased in 6 of 32 (19%) dogs. All dogs had preoperative cortisol concentrations within the reference range, but 24 of 39 (62%) dogs had postoperative concentrations above the reference range. A correlation between the change in cACTH concentration and the change in cortisol concentration was not detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Laparotomy caused a significant increase in serum cortisol and aldosterone concentrations. In most dogs, but not all dogs, plasma cACTH concentrations increased. Lack of correlation between the change in cACTH concentration and the change in cortisol concentration suggested that increased postoperative cortisol concentrations may have been attributable to ACTH-independent mechanisms, an early ACTH increase that caused a sustained cortisol release, or decreased cortisol clearance. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the effects of various anesthetic protocols and minimally invasive surgical techniques on the stress response.
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Steagall PVM, Simon BT, Teixeira Neto FJ, Luna SPL. An Update on Drugs Used for Lumbosacral Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:68. [PMID: 28553642 PMCID: PMC5427076 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to report an update on drugs administered into the epidural space for anesthesia and analgesia in dogs, describing their potential advantages and disadvantages in the clinical setting. Databases searched include Pubmed, Google scholar, and CAB abstracts. Benefits of administering local anesthetics, opioids, and alpha2 agonists into the epidural space include the use of lower doses of general anesthetics (anesthetic “sparing” effect), perioperative analgesia, and reduced side effects associated with systemic administration of drugs. However, the potential for cardiorespiratory compromise, neurotoxicity, and other adverse effects should be considered when using the epidural route of administration. When these variables are considered, the epidural technique is useful as a complementary method of anesthesia for preventive and postoperative analgesia and/or as part of a balanced anesthesia technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo V M Steagall
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Bradley T Simon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Francisco J Teixeira Neto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Stelio P L Luna
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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DeRossi R, Jardim PHA, Hermeto LC, Pagliosa RC. Comparison of analgesic and systemic effects of bupivacaine, methadone, or bupivacaine/methadone administered epidurally in conscious sheep. Aust Vet J 2016; 93:164-9. [PMID: 25939263 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of bupivacaine and methadone administered epidurally in sheep. METHODS Six healthy female mixed-breed sheep weighing 35-46 kg and aged 12-18 months were included. Each sheep was assigned to receive three treatments: 0.5 mg/kg 0.25% bupivacaine (BP), 0.3 mg/kg 1% methadone (MT) or 0.25 mg/kg bupivacaine and 0.15 mg/kg methadone (BPMT). All drugs were injected into the lumbosacral space through an epidural catheter. Each animal received each treatment at random. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean), respiratory rate, rectal temperature, analgesia, sedation and motor block were determined before treatment and at predetermined intervals. RESULTS The duration of analgesia was 240, 220, and 180 min for BP, MT and BPMT, respectively (P < 0.05). Motor block for all agents was mild to moderate. None or the treatments significantly altered the heart rate, blood pressure or respiratory rate. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that lumbosacral epidural administration of bupivacaine, methadone or a combination of the two drugs can provide perioperative analgesia in sheep as part of their management for surgical procedures in the flank and hindlimbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R DeRossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine-Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Changes of lidocaine concentration and physiological indices in dogs during anaesthesia with lidocaine and isoflurane combined with ketamine or fentanyl. ACTA VET BRNO 2016. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201685010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fentanyl and ketamine are often used as adjuvants in intravenous anaesthesia to prolong analgesia. The aim of this study was to compare changes of the basic physiological variables of intravenous lidocaine administration in combination with ketamine or fentanyl, and to evaluate the impact of addition of fentanyl or ketamine to lidocaine on serum lidocaine concentrations in dogs after intravenous administration. During general anaesthesia, dogs of group L received 2% lidocaine intravenously, dogs of group LF received 2% lidocaine and fentanyl, and dogs of the group LK received 2% lidocaine and ketamine. The heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure and rectal temperature decreased in all groups, and group LF showed the biggest effect on the basic physiological variables, with the lowest heart rate during the test, significantly decreased rectal temperature, and the most decreased values of arterial pressure. Blood for determination of serum lidocaine concentration was taken before anaesthesia and 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after initial intravenous injection of drugs. Fentanyl and ketamine did not cause significant changes of serum lidocaine concentration in dogs and may be used as adjuvant in intravenous anaesthesia without a significant increase in lidocaine absorption.
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Frazilio FDO, DeRossi R, Jardim PHDA, Marques BC, Martins ARDC, Hermeto LC. Effects of epidural nalbuphine on intraoperative isoflurane and postoperative analgesic requirements in dogs. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:38-46. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Diniz MS, Kanashiro GP, Bernardi CA, Nicácio GM, Cassu RN. Extradural anesthesia with lidocaine combined with fentanyl or methadone to ovariohisterectomy in dogs. Acta Cir Bras 2013; 28:531-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502013000700009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Lidocaine serum concentration after epidural administration in combination with morphine and fentanyl in rabbit – A preliminary study. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:651-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Perez TE, Grubb TL, Greene SA, Meyer S, Valdez N, Bingman J, Farnsworth R. Effects of intratesticular injection of bupivacaine and epidural administration of morphine in dogs undergoing castration. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:631-42. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.5.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Adami C, Veres-Nyéki K, Spadavecchia C, Rytz U, Bergadano A. Evaluation of peri-operative epidural analgesia with ropivacaine, ropivacaine and sufentanil, and ropivacaine, sufentanil and epinephrine in isoflurane anesthetized dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. Vet J 2012; 194:229-34. [PMID: 22658249 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Adami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy Division, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Berne, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
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Mastrocinque S, Almeida TF, Tatarunas AC, Imagawa VH, Otsuki DA, Matera JM, Fantoni DT. Comparison of Epidural and Systemic Tramadol for Analgesia Following Ovariohysterectomy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48:310-9. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to compare epidural and systemic tramadol for postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Twenty animals, randomly divided into two groups, received either epidural (EPI) or intramuscular (IM) tramadol (2 mg/kg) 30 min before anesthetic induction. Analgesia, sedation, cardiorespiratory parameters, end-tidal isoflurane, blood catecholamines and cortisol, and arterial blood gases were measured at different time points up to 24 hr after agent administration. There were no differences between the two groups regarding cardiorespiratory parameters, end-tidal isoflurane, and pain scores. Two dogs in the IM and one in the EPI group required supplemental analgesia. Cortisol was increased (P<0.05) at 120 min (3.59 μg/dL and 3.27μg/dL in the IM and EPI groups, respectively) and 240 min (2.45 μg/dL and 2.54μg/dL in the IM and EPI groups, respectively) compared to baseline. Norepinephrine was also increased (P<0.05) at 120 min in both groups compared to baseline values. Epinephrine values were higher (P<0.05) in the IM group compared with the EPI group at 50 min, 120 min, and 1,440 min after tramadol administration. Epidural tramadol is a safe analgesic, but does not appear to have improved analgesic effects compared with IM administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mastrocinque
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, (S.M., T.A., A.T., J.M., D.F.) and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (V.I., D.O.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana F. Almeida
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, (S.M., T.A., A.T., J.M., D.F.) and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (V.I., D.O.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica C. Tatarunas
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, (S.M., T.A., A.T., J.M., D.F.) and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (V.I., D.O.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani H. Imagawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, (S.M., T.A., A.T., J.M., D.F.) and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (V.I., D.O.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise A. Otsuki
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, (S.M., T.A., A.T., J.M., D.F.) and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (V.I., D.O.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia M. Matera
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, (S.M., T.A., A.T., J.M., D.F.) and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (V.I., D.O.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise T. Fantoni
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, (S.M., T.A., A.T., J.M., D.F.) and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (V.I., D.O.), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abelson AL, Armitage-Chan E, Lindsey JC, Wetmore LA. A comparison of epidural morphine with low dose bupivacaine versus epidural morphine alone on motor and respiratory function in dogs following splenectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2011; 38:213-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Feldsien JD, Wilke VL, Evans RB, Conzemius MG. Serum cortisol concentration and force plate analysis in the assessment of pain associated with sodium urate–induced acute synovitis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:940-5. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.8.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Freire CD, Torres MLA, Fantoni DT, Cavalcanti RL, Noel-Morgan J. Bupivacaine 0.25% and methylene blue spread with epidural anesthesia in dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 2010; 37:63-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hansen B. Analgesia for the critically ill dog or cat: an update. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2009; 38:1353-63, vii. [PMID: 18954688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute pain reliably accompanies severe illness and injury, and when sufficiently severe, it can complicate the recovery of critically ill patients. Because acute pain is closely tied to the neurologic process of nociception, pharmacologic therapy is often essential and effective. This update focuses on two methods of treatment of acute pain-local anesthetic infusion and continuous intravenous infusion of multimodal agents-that can be layered on top of standard care with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Hansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Valverde A. Epidural Analgesia and Anesthesia in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2008; 38:1205-30, v. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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