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Homberg J, Sendag S, Koca D, Cetin N, Wehrend A. [Comparison of different resuscitation methods for newborn calves after dystocia]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2023; 51:202-210. [PMID: 37820625 DOI: 10.1055/a-2147-3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the use of hand-powered vacuum pumps and the suspension by the hind legs within the scope of resuscitating newborn dystocial calves. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, data were collected from 60 dystocial calves of different breeds. Various reanimation methods were employed to these calves immediately after birth. In group I (n=20), the hand-powered vacuum pump from HK-Rheintechnik (Neuwied, Deutschland) was used to remove mucus and amniotic fluid from the respiratory tract. In group II (n=20), the McCulloch Medical (Elmwood, England) hand-powered vacuum pump was used to remove mucus and amniotic fluid from the respiratory tract. In group III (n=20) 10 to 12 liters of cold water were poured over the neck of 20 calves immediately after birth. In addition, the calves were suspended by the hind legs via a gate or a pole, so that the head hung downwards vertically. The calves' Time to Sternal Recumbency (T-SR) of the calves was measured following the different resuscitation procedures in order to assess their vitality. In addition, the calves were examined segmentally at one-hour post natum. Furthermore, the calves were examined clinically on the seventh day of life. In addition, we investigated whether confounding variables such as calf sex, dam parity, obstetric intervention, and the season affected T-SR. RESULTS T-SR ranged from 1.5 to 10.5 minutes. There was no difference between the three initial treatment procedures (p=0.07). However, the T-SR of calves treated with a hand-powered vacuum pump tended to be shorter. No statistically significant difference between the pulse rates (p=0.73), respiratory rates (p=0.13), and rectal temperature (p=0.65) of the animals in the three groups on the first and seventh day of life was evident. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of the diseases up to the seventh day of life between the individual study groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study was able to show that the use of hand-powered vacuum pumps is at least equivalent to suspending calves. When using hand-powered vacuum pumps, the girth of the muzzle must be taken into account, as this can limit their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Homberg
- Tierklinik für Reproduktionsmedizin und Neugeborenenkunde, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Deutschland
| | - Sait Sendag
- Tierklinik für Reproduktionsmedizin und Neugeborenenkunde, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Deutschland
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Van Yüzüncü Yil, Van, Türkiye
| | - Davut Koca
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Van Yüzüncü Yil, Van, Türkiye
| | - Nebi Cetin
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Van Yüzüncü Yil, Van, Türkiye
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Tierklinik für Reproduktionsmedizin und Neugeborenenkunde, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Deutschland
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Bienboire-Frosini C, Muns R, Marcet-Rius M, Gazzano A, Villanueva-García D, Martínez-Burnes J, Domínguez-Oliva A, Lezama-García K, Casas-Alvarado A, Mota-Rojas D. Vitality in Newborn Farm Animals: Adverse Factors, Physiological Responses, Pharmacological Therapies, and Physical Methods to Increase Neonate Vigor. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091542. [PMID: 37174579 PMCID: PMC10177313 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitality is the vigor newborn animals exhibit during the first hours of life. It can be assessed by a numerical score, in which variables, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membranes' coloration, time the offspring took to stand up, and meconium staining, are monitored. Vitality can be affected by several factors, and therapies are used to increase it. This manuscript aims to review and analyze pharmacological and physical therapies used to increase vitality in newborn farm animals, as well as to understand the factors affecting this vitality, such as hypoxia, depletion of glycogen, birth weight, dystocia, neurodevelopment, hypothermia, and finally, the physiological mechanism to achieve thermostability. It has been concluded that assessing vitality immediately after birth is essential to determine the newborn's health and identify those that need medical intervention to minimize the deleterious effect of intrapartum asphyxia. Vitality assessment should be conducted by trained personnel and adequate equipment. Evaluating vitality could reduce long-term neonatal morbidity and mortality in domestic animals, even if it is sometimes difficult with the current organization of some farms. This review highlights the importance of increasing the number of stock people during the expected days of parturitions to reduce long-term neonatal morbidity and mortality, and thus, improve the farm's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Ramon Muns
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT 26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Míriam Marcet-Rius
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Department, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Angelo Gazzano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria City 87000, Mexico
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT 26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Karina Lezama-García
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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The Usefulness of Serum Brain Damage Biomarkers in Detection and Evaluation of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Calves with Perinatal Asphyxia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223223. [PMID: 36428450 PMCID: PMC9686605 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine hypoxic brain damage in calves with perinatal asphyxia using brain-specific damage biomarkers. Ten healthy and 25 calves with perinatal asphyxia were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination, neurological status score, and laboratory analysis were performed at admission, 24, 48, and 72 h. Serum concentrations of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolysis 1 (UCHL1), calcium-binding protein B (S100B), adrenomodullin (ADM), activitin A (ACTA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and creatine kinase-brain (CK-B) were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the brain tissue were performed in 13 nonsurvivor calves. The neurological status score of the calves with asphyxia was significantly (p < 0.05) lower. Mix metabolic-respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia were detected in calves with asphyxia. Serum UCHL1 and S100B were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, and NSE, ACTA, ADM, and CK-B were decreased (p < 0.05) in calves with asphyxia. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the development of mild to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In conclusion, asphyxia and hypoxemia caused hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in perinatal calves. UCHL1 and S100B concentrations were found to be useful markers for the determination of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in calves with perinatal asphyxia. Neurological status scores and some blood gas parameters were helpful in mortality prediction.
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Ider M, Naseri A, Ok M, Gulersoy E, Bas TM, Uney K, Parlak TM, Abdelaziz A. Serum sRAGE and sE-selectin levels are useful biomarkers of lung injury and prediction of mortality in calves with perinatal asphyxia. Theriogenology 2022; 181:113-118. [PMID: 35078123 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the biomarkers specific to lung endothelial and epithelial damage in the determination of lung injury and its severity in calves with perinatal asphyxia and to evaluate their prognostic importance among survivors and non-survivor calves. Ten healthy calves and 20 calves with perinatal asphyxia were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination and laboratory analysis were performed at admission. Serum concentrations of soluble advanced glycation end-product receptor (sRAGE), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), clara cell secretory protein (CC16), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were measured to assess lung injury. Venous pH, sO2, HCO3, and BE of calves with perinatal asphyxia were significantly lower than the healthy calves. sRAGE, sE-selectin, pCO2, and lactate were significantly high in calves with asphyxia. ROC analysis showed that sRAGE, sE-selectin, pCO2, lactate, and respiratory rate were higher while HCO3 and BE were lower in the nonsurvivor calves than survivors. In conclusion, serum sRAGE and sE-selectin concentrations highlight the utility of these biomarkers in determining lung injury in calves with asphyxia. Also, pH, pCO2, lactate, HCO3, BE, and respiratory rate along with serum sRAGE and sE-selectin were useful indicators in the prediction of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ider
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konya, 42003, Turkey.
| | - A Naseri
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konya, 42003, Turkey
| | - M Ok
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konya, 42003, Turkey
| | - E Gulersoy
- Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sanlıurfa, 63200, Turkey
| | - T M Bas
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konya, 42003, Turkey
| | - K Uney
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Konya, 42003, Turkey
| | - T M Parlak
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Konya, 42003, Turkey
| | - A Abdelaziz
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konya, 42003, Turkey
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Ider M, Naseri A, Ok M, Uney K, Erturk A, Durgut MK, Parlak TM, Ismailoglu N, Kapar MM. Biomarkers in premature calves with and without respiratory distress syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2524-2533. [PMID: 34227155 PMCID: PMC8478053 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approaches to the evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in premature calves by using lung-specific epithelial and endothelial biomarkers are needed. OBJECTIVE To investigate the evaluation of PAH in premature calves with and without respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by using lung-specific epithelial and endothelial biomarkers and determine the prognostic value of these markers in premature calves. ANIMALS Fifty premature calves with RDS, 20 non-RDS premature calves, and 10 healthy term calves. METHODS Hypoxia, hypercapnia, and tachypnea were considered criteria for RDS. Arterial blood gases (PaO2 , PaCO2 , oxygen saturation [SO2 ], base excess [BE], and serum lactate concentration) were measured to assess hypoxia. Serum concentrations of lung-specific growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), endothelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and surfactant protein D (SP-D) were measured to assess PAH. RESULTS Arterial blood pH, PaO2 , SO2 , and BE of premature calves with RDS were significantly lower and PaCO2 and lactate concentrations higher compared to non-RDS premature and healthy calves. The ADMA and SP-D concentrations of premature calves with RDS were lower and serum ET-1 concentrations higher than those of non-RDS premature and healthy calves. No statistical differences for GDF-15 and VEGF were found among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Significant increases in serum ET-1 concentrations and decreases in ADMA and SP-D concentrations highlight the utility of these markers in the diagnosis of PAH in premature calves with RDS. Also, we found that ET-1 was a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PAH and predicting mortality in premature calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ider
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Amir Naseri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Mahmut Ok
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Alper Erturk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineMustafa Kemal UniversityHatayTurkey
| | - Murat K. Durgut
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Tugba M. Parlak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Nimet Ismailoglu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Muhammed M. Kapar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
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Yildiz R, Aydogdu U, Guzelbektes H, Coskun A, Sen I. Venous lactate, pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide levels as prognostic indicators in 110 premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. Vet Rec 2017; 180:611. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine; Mehmet Akif Ersoy University; Burdur Turkey
| | - U. Aydogdu
- Department of Internal Medicine; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas Turkey
| | | | - A. Coskun
- Department of Internal Medicine; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas Turkey
| | - I. Sen
- Department of Internal Medicine; Selcuk University; Konya Turkey
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Respiratory Support for Pharmacologically Induced Hypoxia in Neonatal Calves. Vet Med Int 2016; 2016:2129362. [PMID: 26998379 PMCID: PMC4779535 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2129362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Practical methods to provide respiratory support to bovine neonates in a field setting are poorly characterised. This study evaluated the response of healthy neonatal calves with pharmacologically induced respiratory suppression to nasal oxygen insufflation and to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered via an off-the-shelf device. Ten calves were randomised to receive either nasal oxygen insufflation (Group 1, n = 5) or CPAP (Group 2, n = 5) as a first treatment after induction of respiratory depression by intravenous administration of xylazine, fentanyl, and diazepam. Calves received the alternate treatment after 10 minutes of breathing ambient air. Arterial blood gas samples were obtained prior to sedation, following sedation, following the first and second treatment, and after breathing ambient air before and after the second treatment. Oxygen insufflation significantly increased arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) but was also associated with significant hypercapnia. When used as the first treatment, CPAP was associated with significantly decreased arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide but did not increase PaO2. These results suggest that the use of CPAP may represent a practical method for correction of hypercapnia associated with inadequate ventilation in a field setting, and further research is required to characterise the use of CPAP with increased inspired oxygen concentrations.
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Bleul U, Götz E. Effect of syringe type, storage temperature and time delay on venous blood gas values in newborn calves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-013-1869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lorenz I, Mee JF, Earley B, More SJ. Calf health from birth to weaning. I. General aspects of disease prevention. Ir Vet J 2011; 64:10. [PMID: 21923898 PMCID: PMC3184620 DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-64-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Calfhood diseases have a major impact on the economic viability of cattle operations. This is the first in a three part review series on calf health from birth to weaning, focusing on preventive measures. The review considers both pre- and periparturient management factors influencing calf health, colostrum management in beef and dairy calves and further nutrition and weaning in dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lorenz
- Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John F Mee
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Bernadette Earley
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Simon J More
- Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Abstract
Respiratory disease syndrome (RDS) is a condition of neonatal calves in which insufficient oxygen uptake and increased retention of carbon dioxide result in respiratory acidosis. This condition is more common in premature calves and seems to be associated with a deficiency of surfactant. Although there is no uniform definition of RDS, clinical signs appear as tachypnea and expiration accentuated by an abdominal lift and expiratory grunt, and they occur in association with characteristic blood gas changes. This article discusses the pathophysiology of RDS in calves, along with the clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment options.
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