Validity of Koppitz's developmental score as a measure of organicity

Benton Revised Visual Retention Test Performance of Black Adolescents According to Age, Sex, and Ethnic Identity

As part of a battery, the Benton Revised Visual Retention Test was individually administered to 100 black adolescent students in southeastern Virginia, aged 12 or 13 yr. The Benton test, Form C, Administrations A and C were scored for both Total Errors and Total Number Correct. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between ages, but there were differences between boys' and girls' scores. There were two significant interactions for age, sex, and measured ethnic identity on Administration C for Total Number Correct and Total Errors for the group. Administration A, scored for categorical errors, produced significant univariate F ratios for Total Errors, Distortion, and Total Right Errors on the classification of ethnic identity. Alternative interpretations are feasible, and further research into the influences of experimental and cultural variables on visual perception is needed.

The Bender-Gestalt test as an indicator of neurological impairment in young inner-city children

The black and white, 7- and 8-yr.-old “inner-city” children in the Johns Hopkins Collaborative Perinatal Study obtained generally higher error scores on the Bender-Gestalt test than Koppitz's norms. They also performed less well on the WISC, Wide Range Achievement tests, and the Gray Oral Reading tests than the standardization populations for each test. Contrary to expectations, no significant relationship was found between high Bender error scores and neurological status or reading ability. Thus, the Bender at 7 yr. was not a good predictor of neurological abnormality in these young “inner-city” children.