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Koçali K. The Effects of Daylight Saving Time (DST) Transition Cancelation on Work Accidents of Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2023; 29:1542-1551. [PMID: 37272121 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2023.2221590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. Turkey canceled the daylight saving time (DST) transition and started permanent clock application. Considering the effect of this new regulation on working hours, this study examines whether there is a relationship with the increase in the number of work accidents in shifts. Methods. Data on work accidents were obtained from the Republic of Turkey Social Security Institution (SSI), filed between 2011 and 2020. We estimate accident rates using Poisson regression and log-linear models as a function of a variety of date-based factors. Results. The results show that DST transition is effective (ineffective in terms of gender) on changes in the number of work accidents. With statistical analyses, the hourly distribution of work accidents was determined, indicating at which hour the most work accidents occurred, using the work accident frequency rate. The number of prevented work accidents was calculated as 286,793 for Turkey. Conclusion. The findings from these studies suggest that cancellation of the DST transition does not have a negative effect on the incidence of work accidents in Turkey; on the contrary, this practice also serves the purpose of preventing work accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Koçali
- Istanbul Gelisim Vocational School, Istanbul Gelisim University, Turkey
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Effects of seasonality and daylight savings time on emergency department visits for mental health disorders. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:1476-1481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ehlers A, Dyson RL, Hodgson CK, Davis SR, Krasowski MD. Impact of Daylight Saving Time on the Clinical Laboratory. Acad Pathol 2018; 5:2374289518784222. [PMID: 30023429 PMCID: PMC6047237 DOI: 10.1177/2374289518784222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Daylight saving time is a practice in some countries and local regions to set clocks forward (typically 1 hour) during the longer days of summer and back again in autumn. Time changes resulting from daylight saving time have the potential to impact clinical laboratory instruments, computer interfaces, and information systems. We analyzed turnaround time data for an academic medical center clinical laboratories (chemistry, hematology, blood gas analyzer, and transfusion medicine), examining how turnaround time was impacted by the daylight saving time shifts in 2017. We also determined whether the daylight saving time shift on November 5, 2017 (“fall back” by 1 hour) resulted in any “absurd” time combinations such as a receipt time occurring “before” a normally later time such as final result. We also describe challenges resulting from daylight saving time changes over a 5-year period. The only significant impact on turnaround time was for clinical chemistry samples during the autumn daylight saving time change, but the overall impact was low. Four instances of absurd time combinations occurred in the autumn time change with only a transfusion medicine example resulting in an interface error (a Type and Screen resulted “before” receipt in laboratory). Over a 5-year period, other daylight saving time impacts included problems of reestablishing interface to instruments, inadvertent discrepancies in manual time changes at different points of the core laboratory automation line, and time change errors in instruments with older operating systems lacking patches that updated daylight saving time rules after 2007. Clinical laboratories should be aware that rare problems may occur due to issues with daylight saving time changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ehlers
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard L Dyson
- Health Care Information Systems, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christina K Hodgson
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Scott R Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew D Krasowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Robb D, Barnes T. Accident rates and the impact of daylight saving time transitions. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 111:193-201. [PMID: 29223028 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One-third of nations have adopted some form of Daylight Saving Time (DST). Associated costs and benefits include impacts on accident rates. Using data from 12.6 million accident claims in New Zealand during 2005-2016, we model accident rates as a function of various date-based predictors including days before/after the start and end of DST, holidays, day of week, and month of year. This is the first study to consider multiple accident categories (Road, Work, Falls and Home & Community), and the first in the southern hemisphere. The start of DST is associated with significantly higher rates of road accidents (first day +16% and second day +12%). Evidence that accident rates for Falls and Home & Community decline (increase) prior to the start (end) of DST suggest potential behavioural adaption from anticipating the change. While Work accidents show limited impact from DST changes, they exhibit a significant decline over the course of the week (Friday 13% lower than Monday), whereas Road accidents exhibit a significant increase (Friday 19% higher than Monday). Our results have implications for both DST implementation and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Robb
- Graduate School of Management, The University of Auckland Business School, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Thomas Barnes
- Apt 317 Railway Station Apartments, Te Taou Crescent, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bills have been put forward in the UK and Republic of Ireland proposing a move to Central European Time (CET). Proponents argue that such a change will have benefits for road safety, with daylight being shifted from the morning, when collision risk is lower, to the evening, when risk is higher. Studies examining the impact of daylight saving time (DST) on road traffic collision risk can help inform the debate on the potential road safety benefits of a move to CET. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of DST on collision risk. METHODS Major electronic databases were searched, with no restrictions as to date of publication (the last search was performed in January 2017). Access to unpublished reports was requested through an international expert group. Studies that provided a quantitative analysis of the effect of DST on road safety-related outcomes were included. The primary outcomes of interest were road traffic collisions, injuries and fatalities. FINDINGS Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen examined the short-term impact of transitions around DST and 12 examined long-term effects. Findings from the short-term studies were inconsistent. The long-term findings suggested a positive effect of DST. However, this cannot be attributed solely to DST, as a range of road collision risk factors vary over time. INTERPRETATION The evidence from this review cannot support or refute the assertion that a permanent shift in light from morning to evening will have a road safety benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Carey
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kiran M Sarma
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
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6
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Daylight Savings Time Transitions and the Incidence Rate of Unipolar Depressive Episodes. Epidemiology 2017; 28:346-353. [DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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László KD, Cnattingius S, Janszky I. Transition into and out of daylight saving time and spontaneous delivery: a population-based study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010925. [PMID: 27630067 PMCID: PMC5030578 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the circadian rhythm disruption following the transition into and out of daylight saving time (DST) is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous delivery. DESIGN We compared the number of spontaneous deliveries in the Swedish Medical Birth Register during the week after the change to and the week after the change from DST (exposure periods) with the average number of spontaneous deliveries in the control period, defined as the week before and the week after each exposure period. SETTING Sweden, 1993-2006. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were the weekly and the daily number of spontaneous deliveries in the exposure and the control periods. In secondary analyses we also compared the mean length of pregnancy of the women with spontaneous deliveries in the exposure and control periods. RESULTS The number of deliveries during the week after the transition into or out of DST was similar to that in the comparison period (18 519 observed vs 18 434 expected in case of the spring shift and 19 073 observed vs 19 122 expected in case of the autumn shift); the corresponding incidence ratio and 95% CIs were 1.005 (0.990 to 1.019) and 0.997 (0.983 to 1.012), respectively. There were no differences in the length of gestation of the deliveries in the exposure and the control periods. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the hypothesis that a minor circadian rhythm disruption is associated with an increased short-term risk of spontaneous delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina D László
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Cnattingius
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Imre Janszky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Ingram KK, Ay A, Kwon SB, Woods K, Escobar S, Gordon M, Smith IH, Bearden N, Filipowicz A, Jain K. Molecular insights into chronotype and time-of-day effects on decision-making. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29392. [PMID: 27388366 PMCID: PMC4937423 DOI: 10.1038/srep29392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports highlight that human decision-making is influenced by the time of day and whether one is a morning or evening person (i.e., chronotype). Here, we test whether these behavioral effects are associated with endogenous biological rhythms. We asked participants to complete two well-established decision-making tasks in the morning or evening: the matrix task (an ethical decision task) and the balloon analog risk task (BART; a risk-taking task), and we measured their chronotype in two ways. First, participants completed a self-report measure, the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Second, we measured the expression of two circadian clock-regulated genes-Per3 and Nr1d2-from peripheral clock cells in participants' hair follicle samples. Using a cosinor model, we estimated the phase of the peripheral clock and assigned RNA chronotypes to participants with advanced (larks) or delayed (owls) phases. The behavioral data were analyzed independently for self-reported (MEQ) and RNA-based chronotypes. We find that significant chronotype and/or time-of-day effects between larks and owls in decision-making tasks occur only in RNA-based chronotypes. Our results provide evidence that time-of-day effects on decision-making can be explained by phase differences in oscillating clock genes and suggest that variation in the molecular clockwork may influence inter-individual differences in decision-making behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista K Ingram
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Ay
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Soo Bin Kwon
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Kerri Woods
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Sue Escobar
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Molly Gordon
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Isaac H. Smith
- Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Neil Bearden
- INSEAD Business School, 1 Ayer Rajah Avenue, Singapore 138676
| | - Allan Filipowicz
- Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kriti Jain
- IE Business School, María de Molina, Madrid, Spain 11 28006
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Harrison Y. Individual response to the end of Daylight Saving Time is largely dependent on habitual sleep duration. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2012.692255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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The impact of daylight saving time on sleep and related behaviours. Sleep Med Rev 2013; 17:285-92. [PMID: 23477947 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Daylight saving time is currently adopted in over 70 countries and imposes a twice yearly 1 h change in local clock time. Relative ease in adjustment of sleep patterns is assumed by the general population but this review suggests that the scientific data challenge a popular understanding of the clock change periods. The start of daylight saving time in the spring is thought to lead to the relatively inconsequential loss of 1 h of sleep on the night of the transition, but data suggests that increased sleep fragmentation and sleep latency present a cumulative effect of sleep loss, at least across the following week, perhaps longer. The autumn transition is often popularised as a gain of 1 h of sleep but there is little evidence of extra sleep on that night. The cumulative effect of five consecutive days of earlier rise times following the autumn change again suggests a net loss of sleep across the week. Indirect evidence of an increase in traffic accident rates, and change in health and regulatory behaviours which may be related to sleep disruption suggest that adjustment to daylight saving time is neither immediate nor without consequence.
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Daylight saving time shifts and incidence of acute myocardial infarction – Swedish Register of Information and Knowledge About Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions (RIKS-HIA). Sleep Med 2012; 13:237-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Huang A, Levinson D. The effects of daylight saving time on vehicle crashes in Minnesota. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2010; 41:513-520. [PMID: 21134518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Daylight saving time (DST), implemented as an energy saving policy, impacts many other aspects of life; one is road safety. Based on vehicle crash data in Minnesota from 2001 to 2007, this paper evaluates long- and short-term effects of DST on daily vehicle crashes. METHOD To provide evidence to explain the causes of more/fewer crashes in DST, we examine the impact of DST on crashes in four periods of a day: 3 a.m.-9 a.m., 9 a.m.-3 p.m., 3 p.m.-9 p.m., 9 p.m.-midnight. The effects of risk and exposure to traffic are also separated. Our statistical models not only include weather conditions and dummy variables for days in DST as independent variables, but also consider traffic volumes on major roads in different periods of a day. Our major finding is that the short-term effect of DST on crashes on the morning of the first DST is not statistically significant. Moreover, it is interesting to notice that while DST per se is associated with fewer crashes during dusk, this is in part offset because it is also associated with more traffic on roads (and hence more crashes). Our path analysis shows that overall DST reduces crashes. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY Daylight saving time can lead to fewer crashes on roads by providing better visibility for drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Huang
- University of Minnesota, Department of Civil Engineering, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Berument MH, Dogan N, Onar B. Effects of daylight savings time changes on stock market volatility. Psychol Rep 2010; 106:632-40. [PMID: 20524568 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.106.2.632-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of daylight savings time effects on stock returns and on stock volatility was investigated using an EGARCH specification to model the conditional variance. The evidence gathered from the major United States stock markets for the period between 1967 and 2007 did not support the existence of the daylight savings time effect on stock returns or on volatility. Returns on the first business day following daylight savings time changes were not lower nor was the volatility higher, as would be expected if there were an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hakan Berument
- Department of Economics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06533, Turkey.
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Ogden EJD, Moskowitz H. Effects of alcohol and other drugs on driver performance. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2004; 5:185-198. [PMID: 15276919 DOI: 10.1080/15389580490465201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the past century we have learned that driving performance is impaired by alcohol even in low dosage, and that many other drugs are also linked to impairment. This paper is a summary of some of the more relevant studies in the past fifty years--an overview of our knowledge and unanswered questions. There is no evidence of a threshold blood alcohol (BAC) below which impairment does not occur, and there is no defined category of drivers who will not be impaired by alcohol. Alcohol increases not only the probability of collision, but also the probability of poor clinical outcome for injuries sustained when impaired by alcohol. This review samples the results of the myriad studies that have been performed during the last half century as experiments have moved from examination of simple sensory, perceptual and motor behaviours to more complex measures of cognitive functioning such as divided attention and mental workload. These more sophisticated studies show that significant impairment occurs at very low BACs (< 0.02 gm/100 ml). However, much remains to be determined regarding the more emotional aspects of behaviour, such as judgment, aggression and risk taking. Considering that the majority of alcohol related accidents occur at night, there is a need for increased examination on the role of fatigue, circadian cycles and sleep loss. The study of the effects of drugs other than alcohol is more complex because of the number of substances of potential interest, the difficulties estimating drug levels and the complexity of the drug/subject interactions. The drugs of current concern are marijuana, the benzodiazepines, other psychoactive medications, the stimulants and the narcotics. No one test or group of tests currently meets the need for detecting and documenting impairment, either in the laboratory or at the roadside.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J D Ogden
- Centre for Drugs and Driving, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
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Coate D, Markowitz S. The effects of daylight and daylight saving time on US pedestrian fatalities and motor vehicle occupant fatalities. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2004; 36:351-357. [PMID: 15003579 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4575(03)00015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2002] [Revised: 08/27/2002] [Accepted: 09/03/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the effects of daylight and daylight saving time (DST) on pedestrian and motor vehicle occupant fatalities in the United States. Multivariate analyses of county level data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 2-week periods in 1998 and 1999 are used. Results show that full year daylight saving time would reduce pedestrian fatalities by 171 per year, or by 13% of all pedestrian fatalities in the 5:00-10.00 a.m. and in the 4:00-9:00 p.m. time periods. Motor vehicle occupant fatalities would be reduced by 195 per year, or 3%, during the same time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Coate
- Department of Economics, Rutgers University, 360 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Abstract
In the present paper the literature bearing on the association between sleepiness and driving is reviewed and the current state of prevention is discussed. Sleepiness may be a factor in about 20% of motor vehicle accidents and studies carried out in controlled environments suggest that the most common changes in driving performance attributable to sleepiness include increased variability of speed and lateral lane position. Higher-order functions including judgement and risk taking may also deteriorate. Moreover, prolonging wakefulness even by a few hours may produce deterioration in driving performance comparable to that seen in drivers with blood alcohol concentrations at levels deemed dangerous by legislation. The majority of prevention efforts to date have focussed on short-term solutions that only mask underlying sleepiness and it is suggested that more emphasis be directed toward primary prevention efforts such as educating drivers about the importance of getting sufficient sleep and avoiding circadian performance troughs. Finally, the important role that health professionals can play in the identification, treatment, and education of sleepy drivers is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair W MacLean
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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