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Knowlden AP, Naher S. Time Management Behavior Structural Equation Model Predicts Global Sleep Quality in Traditional Entry University Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2023; 54:265-274. [PMID: 37771600 PMCID: PMC10538951 DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2023.2209617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Poor sleep is commonplace among traditional entry university students. Lifestyle modifications, such as time management behaviors, may improve sleep quality by allocating sufficient time for sleep and mitigating stress-associated sleep latency inefficiencies. Purpose The purpose of our study was to evaluate time management behaviors as predictors of sleep quality in traditional entry university students. We hypothesized time management behaviors would predict perceived control of time, which in turn, would predict global sleep quality. Methods A cross-sectional convenience sample of university students (n=302) completed a 73-item instrument comprised of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Time Management Behavior scale. Model building procedures included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results Our specified model identified significant paths between setting goals and priorities (β= .261; p=.012), mechanics of time management (β=.210; p=.043) and preference for organization (β=.532; p<.001) for perceived control of time (R2=.300 p<.001). We further identified a significant path between perceived control of time and global sleep quality (R2=.196, p=.022). Discussion Our study suggests time management behaviors are associated with global sleep quality. Translation to Health Education Practice Health education interventions addressing sleep quality of traditional entry university students should consider incorporating time management behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shabnam Naher
- The University of Alabama and Jahangirnagar University
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Fabbri M, Beracci A, Martoni M. Insomnia, Time Perspective, and Personality Traits: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Non-Clinical Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11018. [PMID: 36078734 PMCID: PMC9517905 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia disorder is considered a public health problem and additional studies should investigate predisposing and perpetuating factors. This study examined the relationship between Big Five personality traits, time perspective, and insomnia. In a cross-sectional study, 400 participants (227 women; age range 18-74 years) were administered the Big Five Inventory-10 items, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). A measure of chronotype was also included for control purposes. The results show that insomniacs reported lower scores for conscientiousness and extraversion, and for past-positive (PP) and future (F) perspectives, whereas they obtained higher scores for past-negative (PN) perspectives and deviation from a balanced time perspective. The correlations confirmed these findings, but negative correlations between present-hedonistic (PH) perspective and ISI score, and between emotional stability and ISI score, were also found. The mediation analyses showed that F played an indirect role in the relationship between consciousness and ISI score, PN had an indirect effect on the relationship between emotional stability and ISI or between extraversion and insomnia, and PH had an indirect effect on the relationship between extraversion and ISI score. The current outcomes shed light on the mechanisms which serve to mediate the relationship between insomnia and personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fabbri
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessia Beracci
- Department of Psychology, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Monica Martoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Rönnlund M, Åström E, Westlin W, Flodén L, Unger A, Papastamatelou J, Carelli MG. A Time to Sleep Well and Be Contented: Time Perspective, Sleep Quality, and Life Satisfaction. Front Psychol 2021; 12:627836. [PMID: 33935879 PMCID: PMC8085587 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A major aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between time perspective, i.e., habitual ways of relating to the past, present, and future, and sleep quality. A second aim was to test a model by which the expected negative relationship between deviation from a balanced time perspective (DBTP), a measure taking temporal biases across all three time frames into account, and life satisfaction was mediated by poor sleep quality. To these ends, a sample of young adults (N = 386) completed a version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A measure of chronotype was in addition included for control purposes. Bivariate analyses revealed that the S-ZTPI subscales Past Negative, Future Negative and Present Fatalistic were associated with poorer sleep quality (higher PSQI scores), with significant associations in the opposite direction for Past Positive and Future Positive. However, DBTP was the strongest predictor of (poorer) sleep quality, suggesting that time perspective biases have an additive effect on sleep quality. Regression analyses with PSQI as the dependent variable and all six ZTPI subscales as the predictors indicated that time perspective accounted for about 20% of the variance in sleep quality (17% beyond chronotype), with Past Negative, Past Positive, and Future Negative as the unique predictors. The results additionally confirmed a strong relationship between DBTP and life satisfaction. Finally, data were consistent with the hypothesis that the association of DBTP and life satisfaction is mediated, in part, by sleep quality. Taken together, the results confirmed a substantial link between time perspective sleep-related problems, factors that may have a negative impact on life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Flodén
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexander Unger
- Ludwigshafen University of Business and Society, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Meng D, Zhao Y, Guo J, Xu H, Fu Y, Ma X, Zhu L, Mu L. Time Perspective and Bedtime Procrastination: The Role of the Chronotype-Time Perspective Relationship. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1307-1318. [PMID: 34335066 PMCID: PMC8318727 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s313157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bedtime procrastination (BP) has a close relationship with one's chronotype, from a biological perspective on time. However, it remains unknown whether there is an association between BP and psychological time. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between time perspective (TP) and BP and the effect of TP on the relationship between BP and chronotype by examining a sample of college students pre- and post-COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS A total of 628 Chinese students (267 in pre-outbreak and 361 in post-outbreak) validly completed the Chinese version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. RESULTS Students with more BP behaviors exhibited greater deviation from a balanced TP, especially after the COVID-19 outbreak. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the past-negative and future orientations, as operationalized by the ZTPI, contributed independently to BP behaviors. The structural equation modeling analyses further demonstrated that morningness was significantly related to a more future-oriented TP, which in turn decreased BP in pre- and post-COVID-19 outbreak samples, while morningness was associated with a less past-negative-oriented TP, which in turn decreased BP only in the post-COVID-19 outbreak sample. CONCLUSION This study indicated that TP in students with BP predominantly focused on future orientation and that TP can mediate the relationship between chronotype and BP behaviors. However, the COVID-19 pandemic may disrupt the time flow and change the role of chronotype-TP in BP. These findings explain how individual differences in TP are associated with BP, which may be helpful in designing effective interventions to avoid BP, from the viewpoint of time perspective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Meng
- Department of Physiology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Mu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Rönnlund M, Carelli MG. Time Perspective Biases Are Associated With Poor Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness, and Lower Levels of Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1356. [PMID: 30197610 PMCID: PMC6117420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which individual differences in time perspective, i.e., habitual way of relating to the personal past, present, and future, are associated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a sample of older adults. The participants (N = 437, 60–90 years) completed the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ), a the Swedish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), and two ratings of subjective well-being (SWB) (life satisfaction, happiness). Based on established relationships between dimension of time perspective and other variables (e.g., depression) and relations between negative retrospection (rumination) and negative prospection (worry) in prior studies, we expected higher scores on Past Negative and Future Negative to be linked to poor sleep quality and (indirectly) increased daytime sleepiness. Moreover, we examined the possibility that variations in perceived sleep and sleepiness during the day mediates the expected association between an aggregate measure of deviations from a so called balanced time perspective (DBTP) and SWB. In regression analyses controlling for demographic factors (age, sex, and work status), higher scores on Past Negative and Future Negative predicted poorer sleep quality and higher levels of daytime sleepiness. Additionally, most of the association between time perspective and daytime sleepiness was accounted for by individual differences in sleep quality. Finally, structural equation modeling yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that variations in sleep mediate part of the negative relationship between DBTP and SWB. Given that good sleep is essential to multiple aspects of health, future studies evaluating relationships between time perspective and adverse health outcomes should consider sleep quality as a potentially contributing factor.
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Participant Withdrawal as a Function of Hedonic Value of Task and Time of Semester. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03395810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Knowlden AP, Sharma M, Bernard AL. A Theory of Planned Behavior Research Model for Predicting the Sleep Intentions and Behaviors of Undergraduate College Students. J Prim Prev 2012; 33:19-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10935-012-0263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wakefield CE, Homewood J, Taylor A, Mahmut M, Meiser B. Time Perspective in Hereditary Cancer: Psychometric Properties of a Short Form of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory in a Community and Clinical Sample. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:617-27. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2009.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Wakefield
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judi Homewood
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mehmet Mahmut
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bettina Meiser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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