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Wang S, Li J, Zhao X, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Yu L, Yang Z, Yang J. Perceived stress mediates the association between perceived control and emotional distress: The moderating role of psychological resources and sex differences. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:240-248. [PMID: 37922598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that perceived control is strongly negatively correlated with emotional distress. However, few studies have explored whether perceived stress plays a potential mediating role in this relationship and whether the association between perceived stress and emotional distress is moderated by psychological resources, such as self-esteem and social support. Furthermore, it is unclear whether there are sex differences in the moderating effects of psychological resources on emotional distress. A total of 951 healthy adults (51.84% females) from different regions of mainland China participated in the study and completed questionnaires in early December 2022, when prevention and control policies concerning COVID-19 in China underwent rapid change. Perceived control negatively correlated with emotional distress, and perceived stress mediated the association between perceived control and emotional distress. In addition, both internal (i.e., self-esteem) and external psychological resources (i.e., social support) moderated the association between perceived stress and emotional distress, and the positive correlation between perceived stress and emotional distress was higher in individuals with low social support (and self-esteem) than in those with high social support (and self-esteem). We found sex differences in the moderating roles of psychological resources. Specifically, self-esteem had a moderating effect on both men and women, whereas social support had a moderating effect only on women. These findings improve understanding of the relationship between perceived control and emotional distress and suggest that intervention programs should be designed to target men and women differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meijun Zhou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lihan Yu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zijian Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key laboratory of cognition and personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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The Effects of Self-Perceived Parenting Attitudes on Visuo-Spatial Attention and Mental Rotation Abilities among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148841. [PMID: 35886692 PMCID: PMC9316287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highlights Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the effect of adolescents’ perceived negative evaluation of parenting on their visuo-spatial attention and mental rotation abilities. The useful field of view (UFOV) and mental rotation tasks were used to measure visuo-spatial attention and mental rotation abilities among adolescents. The experimental groups were divided into the negatively evaluating group (MAge = 18.44, SD = 0.87, 20.7% girls) and positively evaluating group (MAge = 18.40, SD = 0.81, 23.3% girls) based on their scores on the self-perceived parenting attitude scales. The UFOV task showed lesser accuracy of the negatively evaluating group when compared to the positively evaluating one in target perception presented in 20° visual angle, indicating a deteriorated visuo-spatial attention ability in the negatively evaluating group. In the mental rotation task, the negatively evaluating group exhibited a small trade-off effect between response times and rotation angles, which implied an impatient strategy was employed to perform the task, whereas such a trade-off was not observed in the positively evaluating group. Thus, both experimental groups differed in terms of their visual attention and mental spatial abilities. This study suggests that the reduced visuo-spatial attention and mental rotation abilities may act as precursors for serious psychological symptoms caused by the negative self-evaluation of their parents’ parenting attitudes.
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Tatsi S, Panagiotopoulou P. Personal and general belief in a just world and self-esteem in primary school students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pinard F, Vanneste S, Taconnat L. Self-esteem effect on recall and recognition in episodic memory, in young and older adults. Exp Aging Res 2021; 47:386-400. [PMID: 33630726 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1885926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of age on episodic memory has recently been shown to be modulated by individual characteristics such as psycho-emotional status. We investigated the combined effects of age and a psycho-emotional variable, Self-Esteem, on episodic memory (Cued-recall and recognition). We also examined the contribution of anxiety level on the influence of Self-Esteem on episodic memory during aging. This study revealed different patterns of the Self-Esteem effect according to age group. The effect on cued-recall was accounted for by Anxiety in the younger adults, although Self-Esteem and Anxiety seem to be overlapping dimensions for this age group. By contrast, in the older adults, the two factors influenced memory performance (recognition) independently, suggesting that older adults are particularly sensitive to the factors associated with the Self. We also postulate that there is a zone of optimal executive control by the Self (region of proximal executive control), corresponding to task difficulty linked to the individual's feeling of self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Pinard
- UMR-CNRS 7295- CeRCA, University of Tours, University of Poitiers, UMR-CNRS, CeRCA, Tours,France
| | - Sandrine Vanneste
- UMR-CNRS 7295- CeRCA, University of Tours, University of Poitiers, UMR-CNRS, CeRCA, Tours,France
| | - Laurence Taconnat
- UMR-CNRS 7295- CeRCA, University of Tours, University of Poitiers, UMR-CNRS, CeRCA, Tours,France
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Leary MR. Emotional reactions to threats to acceptance and belonging: a retrospective look at the big picture. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1883410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Leary
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, USA
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Pinard F, Vanneste S, Taconnat L. Effet de l’estime de soi sur la mémoire épisodique (rappel et reconnaissance) et la métamémoire (jugements FOK) chez les étudiants. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2019. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy1.194.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Keane L, Loades M. Review: Low self-esteem and internalizing disorders in young people - a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2017; 22:4-15. [PMID: 32680408 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioural therapy for low self-esteem (LSE) has shown promise as a trans-diagnostic model for treating mental health difficulties in adults. To ascertain the potential value of this treatment approach in working with young people with internalizing disorders, we need to develop our understanding of LSE within these mental health conditions. The aim of this review is to explore (a) the co-occurrence of clinically significant anxiety/depression and LSE in young people (aged 18 years and younger), and (b) the association between LSE in childhood and adolescence and mental health difficulties in later adolescence and emerging adulthood. METHOD A systematic search of three electronic databases (PsychInfo/Pubmed/Google Scholar) was conducted to identify relevant studies. RESULTS Ten studies examining the association between LSE and clinically significant anxiety/depression in young people met the inclusion criteria, as did eight studies investigating the association between LSE in young people with internalizing difficulties in later adolescence/emerging adulthood. Although relatively few studies were identified, studies consistently supported the co-occurrence of LSE and internalizing disorders in young people, particularly in young people with co-morbid anxiety and depression. LSE in childhood and adolescence appears to be a relatively weak predictor of the development of anxiety and depression in later adolescence and early adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Further research investigating the relationship between low self-esteem and mental health difficulties in young people and its implications for treatment in this age group is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Keane
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Maria Loades
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Rawson HE. The Interrelationship of Measures of Manifest Anxiety, Self-Esteem, Locus of Control, and Depression in Children with Behavior Problems. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/073428299201000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interrelationships among measures of manifest anxiety, self-esteem, locus of control, and depression were studied among children with behavioral and emotional problems. Six random samples were drawn from a population of children referred because of behavioral problems that interfered with their classroom learning. Each subject was individually administered two of the following four tests: the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS); the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory for Children, Form B (SEI); the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children (CNS-IE); and the Reynolds Childhood Depression Scale (RCDS). Results indicated that, within this sample, measures of children's depression, external locus of control, and anxiety all were intercorrelated positively to a moderately high level. Measures of self-esteem were correlated significantly and negatively with depression and anxiety, but had little correlation with external locus of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Have E. Rawson
- Englishton Park Children's Center, Lexington, Indiana and Hanover College
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Hanks CE, McGuire JF, Lewin AB, Storch EA, Murphy TK. Clinical Correlates and Mediators of Self-Concept in Youth with Chronic Tic Disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2016; 47:64-74. [PMID: 25791488 PMCID: PMC4575820 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-015-0544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the clinical correlates and mediators of self-concept in youth with Chronic Tic Disorders (CTD). Ninety-seven youth aged 6-17 (M = 11.1 ± 2.89; 79.4 % male) with CTD were administered the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale-Second Edition, and self-report and clinician-administered measures assessing behavioral and psychological difficulties and comorbid conditions. Youth with CTD had a slightly below average level of self-concept, with 20 % (n = 19) exhibiting low self-concept. Youth with CTD-only had greater self-concept relative to youth with CTD and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (p = 0.04) or CTD, OCD, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined (p = 0.009). Medium-to-large-sized associations were observed between youth's self-concept and clinical characteristics (e.g., severity of ADHD, OCD and depressive symptoms). Youth's self-concept partially mediated the relationship between tic severity and depressive symptom severity, and the interaction between tic impairment and youth's reliance on avoidant coping strategies moderated youth's self-concept. Implications, limitations, and recommendations for future interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E. Hanks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Joseph F. McGuire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA,Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Adam B. Lewin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA,Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Eric A. Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA,Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,Rogers Behavioral Health – Tampa Bay, Tampa, FL, USA,All Children’s Hospital – Johns Hopkins Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,Department of Health Policy and Management, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tanya K. Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,All Children’s Hospital – Johns Hopkins Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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Fakhfakh R, Jaidane I, Hsairi M, Ben Hamida AM. [Cigarette smoking initiation among Tunisian adolescents: Risk and protective factors]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2015; 63:369-79. [PMID: 26525095 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since smoking is a major public health problem among Tunisian teenagers, it is important to identify the underlying risk and protective factors associated with initiation of this behavior. METHODS A cross-sectional, school-based survey of students was conducted by the Tunisian Ministry of Health among a nationally representative sample of 4172 adolescents aged between 12 and 20 years attending public, private, and professional secondary schools across Tunisia who participated in the Survey of the Health of Tunisian adolescents in 2000. For data analysis, we first calculated crude odds ratios (OR) followed by calculating adjusted OR after using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Almost one-third of respondents had already started smoking at an average age of 13 years, 6.4% among them smoked daily. Demographic vulnerabilities to smoking behavior were gender (boys more than girls), age and residence in urban areas and particularly in Greater Tunis and the North East. Familial and school factors were parental divorce, poor relationship with parents, poor integration into the peer group, and poor school investment. Psychological and behavioral factors were low self-esteem level and the occurrence of stressful life events, risk taking and alcohol consumption when there was no association with the depression, anxiety and body image. Protective factors against the experimental cigarettes were mainly sports and reading. CONCLUSION There are many factors associated with smoking behavior among adolescents. All of these predictors need to be considered in smoking prevention among Tunisian teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fakhfakh
- Institut national de santé publique, 5-7, rue Khartoum-imm-le-Diplomat, 1002 Le Belvédère, Tunisie.
| | - I Jaidane
- Institut national de santé publique, 5-7, rue Khartoum-imm-le-Diplomat, 1002 Le Belvédère, Tunisie
| | - M Hsairi
- Institut national de santé publique, 5-7, rue Khartoum-imm-le-Diplomat, 1002 Le Belvédère, Tunisie
| | - A M Ben Hamida
- Département de médecine préventive et communautaire, faculté de médecine de Tunis, 15, rue Djebel-Lakhdhar, 1007 La Rabta, Tunisie
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Delineating the maladaptive pathways of child maltreatment: a mediated moderation analysis of the roles of self-perception and social support. Dev Psychopathol 2010; 22:337-52. [PMID: 20423545 DOI: 10.1017/s095457941000009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated concurrent and longitudinal mediated and mediated moderation pathways among maltreatment, self-perception (i.e., loneliness and self-esteem), social support, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. For both genders, early childhood maltreatment (i.e., ages 0-6) was related directly to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 6, and later maltreatment (i.e., ages 6-8) was directly related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Results of concurrent mediation and mediated moderation indicated that early maltreatment was significantly related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems at age 6 indirectly both through age 6 loneliness and self-esteem for boys and through age 6 loneliness for girls. Significant moderation of the pathway from early maltreatment to self-esteem, and for boys, significant mediated moderation to emotional and behavioral problems were found, such that the mediated effect through self-esteem varied across levels of social support, though in an unexpected direction. No significant longitudinal mediation or mediated moderation was found, however, between the age 6 mediators and moderator and internalizing or externalizing problems at age 8. The roles of the hypothesized mediating and moderating mechanisms are discussed, with implications for designing intervention and prevention programs.
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Kim J, Cicchetti D. Mean-level change and intraindividual variability in self-esteem and depression among high-risk children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2009; 33:202-214. [PMID: 22822280 DOI: 10.1177/0165025408098021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated mean-level changes and intraindividual variability of self-esteem among maltreated (n=142) and nonmaltreated (n=109) school-aged children from low-income families. Longitudinal factor analysis revealed higher temporal stability of self-esteem among maltreated children compared to nonmaltreated children. Cross-domain latent growth curve models indicated that nonmaltreated children showed higher initial levels and greater increases in self-esteem than maltreated children, and that the initial levels of self-esteem were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among maltreated and nonmaltreated children. The average level (mean of repeated measurements) of self-esteem was predictive of depression at the final occasion for both maltreated and nonmaltreated children. For nonmaltreated children intraindividual variability of self-esteem had a direct contribution to prediction of depression. The findings enhance our understanding of developmental changes in self-esteem and the role of the average level and within-person variability of self-esteem in predicting depressive symptoms among high-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmeen Kim
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA
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Oguz-Duran N, Tezer E. Wellness and Self-esteem Among Turkish University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10447-008-9066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kim J, Cicchetti D. Longitudinal trajectories of self-system processes and depressive symptoms among maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Child Dev 2006; 77:624-39. [PMID: 16686792 PMCID: PMC1551975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study used latent growth modeling to investigate longitudinal relationships between self-system processes and depressive symptoms among maltreated (n = 142) and nonmaltreated children (n = 109) aged 6-11 years. On average, self-esteem and self-agency increased and depressive symptoms decreased over time. Multivariate growth modeling indicated that, regardless of gender, physical abuse was negatively related to initial levels of self-esteem, and physical abuse and physical neglect were positively associated with initial levels of depressive symptoms. Emotional maltreatment was predictive of changes in self-esteem and changes in depressive symptoms. Initial levels of self-esteem were negatively associated with initial levels of depressive symptoms. The findings contribute to enhancing our understanding of the developmental processes whereby early maltreatment experiences are linked to later maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmeen Kim
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 24061, USA.
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Kim J, Cicchetti D. A longitudinal study of child maltreatment, mother-child relationship quality and maladjustment: the role of self-esteem and social competence. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2004; 32:341-54. [PMID: 15305541 DOI: 10.1023/b:jacp.0000030289.17006.5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the concurrent and longitudinal relations of mother-child relationship quality, self-esteem, social competence, and maladjustment among maltreated (n = 206) and nonmaltreated (n = 139) school-aged children from low-income families. Results of the path analysis using structural equation modeling revealed that maltreatment at Time 1 was related to internalizing and externalizing symptomatology at Time 1, both directly as well as indirectly, through its influence on social competence at Time 1. Regardless of maltreatment status, secure mother-child relationship quality was negatively related to internalizing symptomatology at Time 1 and to internalizing and externalizing symptomatology at Time 2 via its influence on self-esteem at Time 1. The results are discussed as suggestive of the role of self-esteem and social competence as mediating mechanisms in the link between relational risks and children's maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmeen Kim
- Mt Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14608, USA.
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Benjet C, Hernández-Guzmán L. A Short-Term Longitudinal Study of Pubertal Change, Gender, and Psychological Well-Being of Mexican Early Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2002. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1020259019866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the extent to which a causal model developed from a theoretical formulation of depression was consistent with data obtained from early adolescents, age 12 to 14. In this cross-sectional correlational design, the final sample consisted of 225 adolescents who responded to a demographic data sheet and instruments measuring depression, self-esteem, state anxiety, and perceived stress in classrooms. The causal model was tested via the LISREL 7 program, using a maximum likelihood structural equation model. The results yielded a chi-square (1, N = 225) = .71, p = .401, indicating a good fit of the model to the data. Perceived stress had the strongest direct, indirect, and total effect on depression in early adolescents. Contrary to expectation, self-esteem did not have a direct effect on depression, and girls did not report higher levels of depression than did boys.
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Ireland M. Death Anxiety and Self-Esteem in Young Children with Aids: A Sense of Hope. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 1997. [DOI: 10.2190/80dj-djx8-6xh4-xxb7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study used Roger's science of unitary human beings nursing model and the theory of accelerating change to examine young children who have AIDS. Differences in death anxiety and self-esteem were compared among thirty-five healthy and thirty-five AIDS-diagnosed African-American and Latino children. Each child was individually administered the screening tool, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised, the Thematic Instrument for Measuring Death Anxiety in Children, and the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance. The AIDS-diagnosed children did not manifest more death anxiety nor lower self-esteem than healthy peers. These findings are in contrast to previous studies about fatally ill children which routinely reported them to have high levels of death concern and low levels of self-worth. They provide a different framework for understanding the emotional needs of children with AIDS.
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Leary MR, Schreindorfer LS, Haupt AL. The Role of Low Self-Esteem in Emotional and Behavioral Problems: Why is Low Self-Esteem Dysfunctional? JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 1995. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.1995.14.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Baker AM. Gender, Urban–Rural–Camp, and Regional Differences Among Self-Esteem Scores of Palestinian Children. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.1992.10543355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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