1
|
Maruta M, Shimokihara S, Akasaki Y, Hidaka Y, Ikeda Y, Han G, Tanaka G, Higashi T, Moriuchi T, Tabira T. Associations between Optimism and Attentional Biases as Measured by Threat-Avoidance and Positive-Search Tasks. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040617. [PMID: 36833151 PMCID: PMC9956957 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that optimism has a positive impact on health status. Attentional bias modification (ABM) may be beneficial for enhancing optimism, but its effective application requires a detailed investigation of the association between attentional bias and optimism. This study aimed to determine the association between attentional bias and optimism based on different task types. Eighty-four participants completed the attentional bias measures using the dot-probe task (DPT), emotional visual search task (EVST) paradigms, and psychological assessments. Optimism was assessed using the Life Orientation Test-Revised with subscales for optimism and pessimism. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression analysis were applied to investigate the association between optimism and attentional bias. Neither the attentional bias derived from DPT nor EVST was significantly correlated with optimism total score or subscales. Regression analysis also showed no association between attentional bias and optimism (DPT, β = 0.12; EVST, β = 0.09), optimism subscales (DPT, β = 0.09; EVST, β = 0.17), or pessimism subscales (DPT, β = -0.10; EVST, β = 0.02). Our findings showed no evidence that attentional biases derived from either the DPT or EVST measures are associated with optimism or pessimism. Further studies are needed to effectively adapt the ABM to enhance optimism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Maruta
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Suguru Shimokihara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Akasaki
- Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, 1-140 Kinko-cho, Tarumizu 891-2124, Japan
| | - Yuma Hidaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Okatsu Hospital, Medical Corporation, Sanshukai, 3-95, Masagohonmachi, Kagoshima 890-0067, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ikeda
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Gwanghee Han
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa 830-8501, Japan
| | - Goro Tanaka
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tabira
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Omori M, Aizawa N, Yamazaki Y. Job-Search Behaviors During Involuntary Unemployment: A Social Cognitive Approach. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08948453221138927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Job-searching following involuntary job loss is critical. However, as lifetime employment is a defining characteristic in Japan, few empirical studies have examined job-search behaviors after involuntary job loss. To fill this gap in the literature, a survey of 400 unemployed individuals explored the relationship between job-search behaviors and life satisfaction, including investigating self-efficacy, support, work volition, and dispositional optimism. Path analyses found that life satisfaction was predicted by optimism, job-search self-efficacy, and work volition, while job-search behaviors were facilitated by support and self-efficacy. No significant associations were found between job-search behaviors and life satisfaction. Results suggest that job-search interventions attempting to improve an individual’s optimism, feelings that the job search will be successful, and perceived support can facilitate job-search behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Omori
- Department of Psychology, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Aizawa
- Institute for Global Leadership, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamazaki
- Institute for Global Leadership, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Okuzono SS, Shiba K, Lee HH, Shirai K, Koga HK, Kondo N, Fujiwara T, Kondo K, Grodstein F, Kubzansky LD, Trudel-Fitzgerald C. Optimism and Longevity Among Japanese Older Adults. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:2581-2595. [PMID: 36919080 PMCID: PMC10010677 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimism has been linked to better physical health across various outcomes, including greater longevity. However, most evidence is from Western populations, leaving it unclear whether these relationships may generalize to other cultural backgrounds. Using secondary data analysis, we evaluated the associations of optimism among older Japanese adults. METHODS Data were from a nationwide cohort study of Japanese older adults aged ≥65 years (Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study; n = 10,472). In 2010, optimism and relevant covariates (i.e., sociodemographic factors, physical health conditions, depressive symptoms, and health behaviors) were self-reported. Optimism was measured using the Japanese version of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Lifespan was determined using mortality information from the public long-term care insurance database through 2017 (7-year follow-up). Accelerated failure time models examined optimism (quintiles or standardized continuous scores) in relation to percent differences in lifespan. Potential effect modification by gender, income, and education was also investigated. RESULTS Overall, 733 individuals (7%) died during the follow-up period. Neither continuous nor categorical levels of optimism were associated with lifespan after progressive adjustment for covariates (e.g., in fully-adjusted models: percent differences in lifespan per 1-SD increase in continuous optimism scores= -1.2%, 95%CI: -3.4, 1.1 higher versus lower optimism quintiles= -4.1%, 95%CI: -11.2, 3.6). The association between optimism and lifespan was null across all sociodemographic strata as well. CONCLUSION Contrary to the existing evidence from Western populations, optimism was unrelated to longevity among Japanese older adults. The association between optimism, as evaluated by the LOT-R, and longevity may differ across cultural contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako S. Okuzono
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, MA, USA
| | - Harold H. Lee
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hayami K. Koga
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fran Grodstein
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Chan E, Dorsey SG, Campbell CM, Colloca L. Who are the placebo responders? A cross-sectional cohort study for psychological determinants. Pain 2022; 163:1078-1090. [PMID: 34740998 PMCID: PMC8907332 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A number of studies have demonstrated substantial individual differences in placebo effects. We aimed to identify individual psychological factors that potentially predicted the magnitude of placebo hypoalgesia and individual responsiveness. The Research Domain Criteria framework and a classical conditioning with suggestions paradigm were adopted as experimental models to study placebo phenotypes in a cohort of 397 chronic pain participants with a primary diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and 397 healthy control (HC) participants. The magnitude of placebo hypoalgesia was operationalized as the average difference in pain ratings between the placebo and control conditions. The individual placebo responsiveness was identified as the status of placebo responders and nonresponders based on a permutation test. We observed significant placebo effects in both TMD and HC participants. A greater level of emotional distress was a significant predictor of smaller magnitude (slope b = -0.07) and slower extinction rate (slope b = 0.51) of placebo effects in both TMD and HC participants. Greater reward seeking was linked to greater postconditioning expectations (ie, reinforced expectations) in TMD (slope b = 0.16), but there was no such a prediction in HC participants. These findings highlight that negative valence systems might play a role in impairing placebo effects, with a larger impact in chronic pain participants than in healthy participants, suggesting that individuals reporting emotional distress and maladaptive cognitive appraisals of pain may benefit less from placebo effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science,
School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Center to Advance Chronic Pain
Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esther Chan
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science,
School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan G. Dorsey
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science,
School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Center to Advance Chronic Pain
Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
| | - Claudia M. Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luana Colloca
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Science,
School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Center to Advance Chronic Pain
Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry, School of
Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, University of Maryland, Baltimore,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gero K, Aida J, Shirai K, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Dispositional Optimism and Disaster Resilience: A natural experiment from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Soc Sci Med 2021; 273:113777. [PMID: 33639358 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dispositional optimism - the general belief that good things will happen - is considered a key asset for the preservation of mental health after a traumatic life event. However, it has been hypothesized that in extreme situations such as major disasters where positive expectations cannot overcome the grim reality on the ground, being optimistic might be a disadvantage. To test this mismatch hypothesis, this study explores whether higher pre-disaster dispositional optimism is associated with higher posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depressive symptoms among individuals who experienced the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. METHODS Information on optimism was collected from community-dwelling residents aged ≥65 years seven months before the 2011 Earthquake/Tsunami in Iwanuma, a Japanese city located 80-km from the epicenter. Data on disaster-related personal experiences (e.g., loss of relatives or friends/housing damage), as well as depressive and PTS symptoms, were collected during a follow-up survey in 2013, 2.5 years after the earthquake and tsunami. Multiple logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the associations between disaster experiences, optimism, and depressive/PTS symptoms among 962 participants. RESULTS Higher pre-disaster dispositional optimism was associated with lower odds of developing depressive symptoms (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.95) and PTS symptoms (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69 to 0.99) after the earthquake. Contrary to the mismatch hypothesis, high dispositional optimism buffered the adverse impact of housing damage on depressive symptoms (interaction term coefficient = -0.63, p = 0.0431), but not on PTS symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the mismatch hypothesis, the results suggest that dispositional optimism is a resilience resource among survivors of a disaster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Gero
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Personality Traits and Positive Resources of Workers for Sustainable Development: Is Emotional Intelligence a Mediator for Optimism and Hope? SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 21st century is characterized by unpredictable and changing environments that require individuals and organizations to adapt to these challenges and prepare for continuous transitions in the work environment. Optimism and hope are positive resources that are key factors in navigating this post-modern work scenario. Emotional intelligence can be considered as another important variable in this context and furthermore, research has shown it can be increased through specific training. The aim of the present study is to examine the contribution of emotional intelligence in mediating the relationship between personality traits and both optimism and hope. The Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue-SF), the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R), and the Hope Scale (HS) were administered to 201 Italian workers. Correlations among variables were calculated and mediation analyses were performed. The results showed that the relationships between personality traits and both optimism and hope are mediated by emotional intelligence. In particular, the contribution of emotional stability, agreeableness, and extraversion on optimism was mediated by emotional intelligence; the contribution of extraversion, emotional stability, and conscientiousness on hope was mediated by emotional intelligence. These results open new possibilities for research and interventions to enhance the personal resources of workers in the fluid scenario of the 21st century by promoting optimism and hope that are facilitated by emotional intelligence in the perspective of enhancing psychological aspects of sustainability and sustainable development.
Collapse
|
7
|
Managing the Transition: The Role of Optimism and Self-Efficacy for First-Year Australian University Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/jgc.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Students making the transition from high school to university often encounter many stressors and new experiences. Many students adjust successfully to university; however, some students do not, often resulting in attrition from the university and mental health issues. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the effects that optimism, self-efficacy, depression, and anxiety have on an individual's life stress and adaptation to university. Eighty-four first-year, full-time students from the Queensland University of Technology (60 female, 24 male) who had entered university straight from high school completed the study. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their levels of optimism, self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, perceived level of life stress and adaptation to university. In line with predictions, results showed that optimism, depression, and anxiety each had a significant relationship with students’ perceived level of stress. Furthermore, self-efficacy and depression had a significant relationship with adaptation to university. We conclude that students with high levels of optimism and low levels of depression and anxiety will adapt better when making the transition from high school to university. In addition, students with high levels of self-efficacy and low levels of depression will experience less life stress in their commencement year of university. The implications of this study are outlined.
Collapse
|
8
|
Vassar M, Bradley G. A Reliability Generalization Study of Coefficient Alpha for the Life Orientation Test. J Pers Assess 2010; 92:362-70. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2010.482016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Klooster PMT, Weekers AM, Eggelmeijer F, Woerkom JM, Drossaert CHCM, Taal E, Rasker JJ, Baneke JJ. Optimisme en/of pessimisme: factorstructuur van de Nederlandse Life Orientation Test-Revised. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03089356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
Background: To gain information on the attitudes and life orientations of Pakistani adolescents, the present study aimed at measuring hopelessness and hopefulness in Pakistani adolescents. Methods: The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS; Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974 ) and the Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985 ; Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994 ) were translated into Urdu and validated for use in Pakistan. Back translation with a committee approach was used to translate the scales. The translated versions were administered to 723 adolescents and young adults in Pakistan. Results: For the Urdu-BHS, all item-total correlation coefficients were significant and yielded a single component. The principal component analysis on the Urdu-LOT yielded two components representing positively worded Optimism items and negatively worded Pessimism items. The BHS, as well as the two subscales of the LOT, were found to be predictive of suicide ideation. Gender comparisons showed that the two genders differed significantly on Hopelessness and the Optimism component of the Urdu-LOT. Conclusions: The Urdu version of the BHS and the LOT are established for use with young Pakistanis, after translations, and reliability and validity analyses. The need for further empirical research is emphasized for understanding the concepts and antecedents of hopelessness, optimism, and pessimism in adolescents, generally and in Pakistani adolescents, specifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nailah Ayub
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deptula DP, Cohen R, Phillipsen LC, Ey S. Expecting the best: The relation between peer optimism and social competence. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760600613685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|