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Simmons R, Leicht A, Sinclair W, Bowman P, Dobbin M, Doma K. Acute Response to Training after Returning from the Off-Season in Elite Rugby League Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2024; 92:133-146. [PMID: 38736597 PMCID: PMC11079931 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/185442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to quantify the physiological response to the initial two-week preseason period in elite male rugby league (RL) athletes, and to determine if a repeated bout effect (RBE) occurs. Eighteen RL players were monitored for the initial two-week preseason period. Blood samples were collected on days (D)1, D2, D4, D5, D8, D9, D11 and D12 to measure creatine kinase (CK). Neuromuscular power was assessed on D1, D5, D8 and D12. During field-based sessions, the external training load was quantified using global positioning system technology, whilst the internal load was quantified using the training impulse and the session rating of perceived exertion. Resistance-based gym session volume was quantified by total repetitions x weight lifted. Perceived measures of fatigue and muscle soreness were assessed on all training days. Two-way (day x week) repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni's corrected post-hoc tests identified significant changes. There were no significant changes in CK activity (649.2 ± 255.0 vs. 673.8 ± 299.1 µL; p = 0.63) or internal training load measures from week 1 to week 2. External training load measures including total distance (4138.1 ± 198.4 vs. 4525.0 ± 169.2 m; p < 0.001) and repeated high-intensity efforts (12.6 ± 1.8 vs. 17.5 ± 1.8 au; p < 0.001) significantly increased in week 2 compared to week 1. Internal training loads and CK activity did not change in response to an increase in external training loads during the initial preseason. The current results provide support for a 'real world' perspective of the RBE phenomenon that may be more applicable for team sport practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Simmons
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Anthony Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Wade Sinclair
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- North Queensland Cowboys Rugby League Football Club, Townsville, Australia
| | - Paul Bowman
- North Queensland Cowboys Rugby League Football Club, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Kenji Doma
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Orthopeadic Institute of Queensland, Townsville, Australia
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Sobczak K, Wochna K, Antosiak-Cyrak K, Domaszewska K. The Effects of 6-Month Aqua Aerobics Training on Cardiometabolic Parameters in Perimenopausal Women-A Randomized Controlled Trial. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:588. [PMID: 37106789 PMCID: PMC10136125 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause is a time when women experience a number of physiological and anatomical changes resulting from a decline in ovarian function. It can be concluded that cardiovascular disease increases in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, irrespective of age-related changes. Engaging in the amount of moderate physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization helps reduce the risk of death and adverse health events. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a 6-month aqua aerobics programme on cardiometabolic (anthropometric and biochemical) parameters in perimenopausal women. METHODS In this study, 30 women (control group-16, study group-14) participated in the 6-month aqua aerobics training programme. The mean age of women was 47.67 ± 6.79 year and BMI 26.33 ± 3.64 kg/m2. At the beginning and at the end of the study, anthropometric and blood samples analysis were performed. In the blood, lipid profile, morphotic elements were determined. Body composition, waist-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), blood pressure (BP) were measured. RESULTS The aqua aerobics programme resulted in a significant decrease in the WHR (p < 0.05; ES: 2.143), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < 0.05; ES: 1.005), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PRL) (p < 0.05; ES: 0.460) and an increase in haemoglobin (HGB) concentration (p < 0.05; ES: 0.643). CONCLUSIONS The type of physical activity described in the present study is a great way for perimenopausal women to take care of their overall well-being. The reduction in selected cardiometabolic parameters is important from the point of view of the protection of women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sobczak
- Department of Swimming and Water Lifesaving, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Street 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krystian Wochna
- Department of Swimming and Water Lifesaving, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Street 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Antosiak-Cyrak
- Department of Swimming and Water Lifesaving, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Street 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Domaszewska
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Street 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland
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Effect of Intensified Training Camp on Psychometric Status, Mood State, and Hematological Markers in Youth Soccer Players. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121996. [PMID: 36553439 PMCID: PMC9776830 DOI: 10.3390/children9121996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During training camps, training load is purposefully intensified. Intensified training loads (TL) are associated with psychological variations, increased fatigue, insufficient recovery, decreased muscular performance, and biological changes in adult athletes, but whether these changes occur during training camps in youth athletes has not been established. The aim of this study was to assess changes in psychometric status, vertical jump performance (i.e., height), and hematological markers before and after an intensive training camp in youth soccer players. In this case, 15male youth soccer players (mean ± SD: age: 14.8 ± 0.4 years; height: 172.0 ± 6.9 cm, body mass: 60.8 ± 7.9 kg; training experience: 5.2 ± 0.7 years) completed a 2-week training program consisting of 1 week of moderate TL (MT) and 1 week of intensive training camp (TC). Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), TL, monotony, strain, and psychometric status (total quality of recovery (TQR) and well-being indices (sleep, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness) were monitored before each first daily training session across two weeks. The profile of mood states (POMS), countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and blood markers (complete blood count, urea, and creatinine) were assessed before and after TC. TL (d = 5.39, large), monotony (d = 3.03, large), strain (d = 4.38, large), and well-being index (d = 7.5, large) scores increased and TQR (d = 4.6, large) decreased during TC. The TC increased tension, fatigue, and total mood disturbance and decreased vigor (all p <0.01). CMJ performance p < 0.01, d = 0.52, moderate), creatinine (p < 0.01, d = 1.29, large), and leukocyte concentration (p < 0.01, d = 1.4, large) and granulocyte concentration (p < 0.01, d = 1.93, large) increased after TC. Percentage of lymphocytes (p < 0.05, d = 1.17, large) and monocytes (p < 0.01, d = 1.05, large) decreased while the percentage of granulocytes (p < 0.05, d = 0.86, large) increased significantly. Well-being, quality of recovery, mood, granulocyte concentration, and creatinine were all altered during the week-long intensified training camp. These results may provide coaches with valuable information about psychometric status and physiological fatigue and recovery of youth soccer players to better prescribe and adjust training loads during intensive training periods.
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Kaur D, Malik A, Govindasamy K, K B, Meethal A, Shukla TD, Kumar S, Pramanik M, Suresh C, Tiwari U, Skrypchenko I. Analysis of platelet count among female athletes of volleyball, judo, and football: a comparative study. HEALTH, SPORT, REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.34142/hsr.2022.08.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Study Aim: Hematological investigation plays a meaningful role in determining the physical standard and performance of the athletes in various games. It is a measure for an athlete’s health and physical gesture. The present study portrays the platelet count analysis of university-level female athletes playing volleyball, judo, and football respectively.
Material and Methods: 54 female athletes (18 from each game) were selected for the study. The platelet count relationship was the criterion for the present study to differentiate the physical standards of the female players among three different games. To obtain the statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey’s HSD test were used to set the significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: We found the present results displayed the platelet counts of the players participating in Judo are comparatively higher as compared to football and volleyball.
Conclusions: It was observed that there was no correlation between platelet counts between the players participating in three games. No relationship exists between the players from different games concerning their platelet counts. No significant correlation between the three games existed pair-wise individually for comparative statistical analysis as their p > 0.05.
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Selleri V, Mattioli M, Lo Tartaro D, Paolini A, Zanini G, De Gaetano A, D’Alisera R, Roli L, Melegari A, Maietta P, Tripi F, Guerra E, Chester J, Savino G, Trenti T, Cossarizza A, Mattioli AV, Pinti M, Nasi M. Innate immunity changes in soccer players after whole-body cryotherapy. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:185. [PMID: 36284345 PMCID: PMC9594892 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) consists of short exposure (up to 2–3 min) to dry air at cryogenic temperatures (up to -190 °C) and has recently been applied for muscle recovery after injury to reduce the inflammation process. We aimed to determine the impact of cryotherapy on immunological, hormonal, and metabolic responses in non-professional soccer players (NPSPs). Nine male NPSPs (age: 20 ± 2 years) who trained regularly over 5 consecutive days, immediately before and after each training session, were subjected to WBC treatment (WBC-t). Blood samples were collected for the evaluation of fifty analytes including hematologic parameters, serum chemistry, and hormone profiles. Monocytes phenotyping (Mo) was performed and plasmatic markers, usually increased during inflammation [CCL2, IL-18, free mitochondrial (mt)DNA] or with anti-inflammatory effects (IL2RA, IL1RN), were quantified. After WBC-t, we observed reduced levels of ferritin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean platelet volume, testosterone, and estradiol, which however remain within the normal ranges. The percentage of the total, intermediates and non-classical Mo increased, while classical Mo decreased. CXCR4 expression decreased in each Mo subset. Plasma IL18 and IL2RA levels decreased, while IL1RN only exhibited a tendency to decrease and CCL2 showed a tendency to increase. Circulating mtDNA levels were not altered following WBC-t. The differences observed in monocyte subsets after WBC-t may be attributable to their redistribution into the surrounding tissue. Moreover, the decrease of CXCR4 in Mo subpopulations could be coherent with their differentiation process. Thus, WBC through yet unknown mechanisms could promote their differentiation having a role in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Selleri
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, Italy ,grid.493113.dNational Institute for Cardiovascular Research - INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Mattioli
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico Lo Tartaro
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Paolini
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giada Zanini
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna De Gaetano
- grid.493113.dNational Institute for Cardiovascular Research - INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta D’Alisera
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Department of Public Healthcare, Sports Medicine Service, Azienda USL of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Roli
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Melegari
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Maietta
- Department of Quality of Life, “Alma Mater Studiorum”, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Tripi
- “La Fratellanza 1874” Not-for-profit sport Association, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Guerra
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Department of Public Healthcare, Sports Medicine Service, Azienda USL of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Johanna Chester
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gustavo Savino
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Department of Public Healthcare, Sports Medicine Service, Azienda USL of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- grid.493113.dNational Institute for Cardiovascular Research - INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy ,grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- grid.493113.dNational Institute for Cardiovascular Research - INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy ,grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi, 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Review on the Effect of Exercise Training on Immune Function. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9933387. [PMID: 35941982 PMCID: PMC9356886 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9933387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training is not only a necessary means to improve the level of exercise, but also an important means to improve the body's immunity. Different time, intensity, items, and forms of exercise training have different effects on the body's immune function. As a double-edged sword to improve the body's immune function, exercise training is a different reaction mechanism of different immune cells after exercise training. This paper combined with foreign scholars' studies on the immune function of the body of literature from different exercise intensity, different time, different sports, different movement forms, and different external environment such as angle of view for athletes body's immune cells and humoral immunity summarized the various indexes such as combing, in order to help academia, medicine, and sports. It provides enlightenment to the contemporary public on how to participate in sports training more healthily.
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Szymczak Ł, Podgórski T, Lewandowski J, Janiak A, Michalak E, Domaszewska K. Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042228. [PMID: 35206416 PMCID: PMC8871601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the hormonal response of wheelchair rugby participants under the half-year training cycle. The study sample included 11 members of the Polish national wheelchair rugby team with spinal cord injury at the cervical level, ranging in age from 21 to 41 years, body weight (72.2 ± 11.53 kg), and body height (182.3 ± 6.11 cm). The disabled individuals with spinal cord injury subjected to the study constitute a homogeneous group in terms of age, body height, weight, and injury level. The study was carried out at the beginning and at the end of a 6-month training period. In the first and second examination, measurements of the peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and blood biochemical analysis were performed (Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and concentration of creatinine (Cr), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and cortisol (C)). A significant change was observed in the concentration of C in the Wheelchair Rugby players’ blood between two research periods (p < 0.05 (ES:0.76)) and a correlation between the post-training change in FT/C concentration and the change in Cr concentration (r = −0.6014, p < 0.05). The 6-month training period did not result in overloads within the group of players. However, due to the significant loss of the capacity of the spinal cord injury (SCI) and the possibility of a life-threatening trend, the anabolic/catabolic status of the players should be monitored using blood biochemical indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Szymczak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; (Ł.S.); (J.L.); (A.J.)
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland; (T.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Jacek Lewandowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; (Ł.S.); (J.L.); (A.J.)
- Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Janiak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; (Ł.S.); (J.L.); (A.J.)
| | - Edyta Michalak
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland; (T.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Domaszewska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland; (Ł.S.); (J.L.); (A.J.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland; (T.P.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8355190
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