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Gong T, Wang H, Liu S, Zhang M, Xie Y, Liu X. Capsaicin regulates lipid metabolism through modulation of bile acid/gut microbiota metabolism in high-fat-fed SD rats. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8289. [PMID: 35721805 PMCID: PMC9180124 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) is one of the active ingredients found in chili peppers and has been shown to reduce fat. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of CAP activity by investigating intestinal microorganisms and bile acids (BAs). This study utilized 16S RNA sequencing to detect gut microbiota in cecal contents, and BAs in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were also investigated. The results showed that 1) CAP increased the levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), β-muricholic acid (β-MCA), and tauro-β-muricholic acid sodium salt (T-β-MCA), which can regulate farnesoid X receptor (FXR) to inhibit Fgf15, increased CYP7A1 expression to lower triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC); 2) CAP decreased the abundance of Firmicutes and promoted the presence of specific fermentative bacterial populations, like Akkermansia; meanwhile, less optimal dose can reduce Desulfovibrio; 3) CAP decreased inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β, and increased transient receptor potential channel of vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) to regulate lipid metabolism, fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance. In conclusion, CAP can reduce fat accumulation by regulating BAs, microorganisms, and short-chain fatty acids. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhu Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanli Liu
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xie
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Polo MCE, Tavares GH, Kanitz AC, Sebastião E, Papini CB, Silva DRPD. Effectiveness of exercise and health education interventions in Brazilian primary health care. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202000030004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Jakicic JM, Kraus WE, Powell KE, Campbell WW, Janz KF, Troiano RP, Sprow K, Torres A, Piercy KL. Association between Bout Duration of Physical Activity and Health: Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1213-1219. [PMID: 31095078 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review to determine whether physical activity episodes of <10 min in duration have health-related benefits or, alternatively, if the benefits are only realized when the duration of physical activity episodes is ≥10 min. METHODS The primary literature search was conducted for the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report and encompassed literature through June 2017, with an additional literature search conducted to include literature published through March 2018 for inclusion in this systematic review. RESULTS The literature review identified 29 articles that were pertinent to the research question that used either cross-sectional, prospective cohort, or randomized designs. One prospective cohort study (N = 4840) reported similar associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and all-cause mortality when examined as total MVPA, MVPA in bouts ≥5 min in duration, or MVPA in bouts ≥10 min in duration. Additional evidence was identified from cross-sectional and prospective studies to support that bouts of physical activity <10 min in duration are associated with a variety of health outcomes. Randomized studies only examined bouts of physical activity ≥10 min in duration. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence, from cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies, supports that physical activity of any bout duration is associated with improved health outcomes, which includes all-cause mortality. This may suggest the need for a contemporary paradigm shift in public health recommendations for physical activity, which supports total MVPA as an important lifestyle behavior regardless of the bout duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William E Kraus
- Department and School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Richard P Troiano
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Kyle Sprow
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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Murphy MH, Lahart I, Carlin A, Murtagh E. The Effects of Continuous Compared to Accumulated Exercise on Health: A Meta-Analytic Review. Sports Med 2019; 49:1585-1607. [PMID: 31267483 PMCID: PMC6745307 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health guidelines suggest that physical activity can be accumulated in multiple short bouts dispersed through the day. A synthesis of the evidence for this approach is lacking. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine if exercise interventions consisting of a single bout of exercise compared with interventions comprising the same total duration, mode, and intensity of exercise accumulated over the course of the day have different effects on health outcomes in adults. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched (Jan 1970-29 August 2018). Two authors identified studies that evaluated the effects of a single bout of exercise compared with the same intensity, total duration, and mode of exercise accumulated in multiple bouts over the course of a day, in community-dwelling adults. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Pooled effects were reported as standardised mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random effects model. RESULTS A total of 19 studies involving 1080 participants met the inclusion criteria. There were no differences between accumulated and continuous groups for any cardiorespiratory fitness or blood pressure outcomes. A difference was found in body mass changes from baseline to post-intervention in favour of accumulated exercise compared with continuous (MD - 0.92 kg, 95% CI - 1.59 to - 0.25, I2 = 0%; five studies, 211 participants). In subgroup analyses, accumulating > 150 min of weekly exercise in multiple bouts per day resulted in small effects on body fat percentage (combined post-intervention and change from baseline values: MD - 0.87%, 95% CI - 1.71 to - 0.04, I2 = 0%; three studies, 166 participants) compared with 150 min of exercise amassed via single continuous bouts per day. There was a decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with accumulated versus continuous exercise (MD - 0.39 mmol/l, 95% CI - 0.73 to - 0.06, I2 = 23%; two studies, 41 participants). No differences were observed for any other blood biomarker (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin). CONCLUSIONS There is no difference between continuous and accumulated patterns of exercise in terms of effects on fitness, blood pressure, lipids, insulin and glucose. There is some evidence from a small number of studies that changes in body mass and LDL cholesterol are more favourable following the accumulated condition. Collectively our findings suggest that adults are likely to accrue similar health benefits from exercising in a single bout or accumulating activity from shorter bouts throughout the day. This review will inform public health guidelines for physical activity at the global and national levels (PROSPERO 2016 CRD42016044122).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie H Murphy
- Centre for Exercise, Physical Activity, Medicine and Health, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Ian Lahart
- Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, England, UK
| | - Angela Carlin
- Centre for Exercise, Physical Activity, Medicine and Health, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Elaine Murtagh
- Department of Arts Education and Physical Education, Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Kim H, Reece J, Kang M. Effects of Accumulated Short Bouts of Exercise on Weight and Obesity Indices in Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2019; 34:96-104. [PMID: 31847548 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119872863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compile and quantify the effectiveness of accumulated short-bout exercise interventions on reducing the obesity indices in adults using meta-analysis. DATA SOURCE PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and SportDiscus. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA (1) Description of a short-bout exercise trial (<30 minutes); (2) obesity indices must be measured pre- and postintervention; and (3) only adults and published in English. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies included. Of 3257 articles retrieved, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the Downs and Black checklist, the methodological quality of the included studies was fairly robust. DATA SYNTHESIS Pooled effect sizes (ESs) were calculated using a random effects model. RESULTS Average intervention length was approximately 16 weeks (ranged from 4 to 72 weeks). All weighted mean ES values for each obesity index measure were non-negative, ranging from small to large (ES = 0.33-0.96) in magnitude. Weighted mean ES for body mass (BM; n = 18; ES = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22-0.80), body mass index (BMI; n = 13; ES = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.24-0.97), waist circumference (n = 9; ES = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.15-0.73), body fat percentage (BF%; n = 8; ES = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.09-0.58), skinfold (n = 7; ES = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.39 -1.53), and fat mass (FM; n = 6; ES = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.21-0.90) were statistically significant. Moderator effects of intervention length (weeks) were observed for BM (Qbetween [Cochran's Q: a measure of heterogeneity between studies] = 6.83, P < .05); BMI (Qbetween = 13.93, P < .05); and FM (Qbetween = 10.41, P < .05). Intervention length >10 weeks was more effective than shorter (≤10) intervention period for reducing BM, BMI, and FM. CONCLUSION Accumulated short bouts of exercise have a beneficial effect on reducing the obesity indices among adults. The current study can help health researchers and practitioners in designing their intervention programs, which can be applied within schools, clinics, and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heontae Kim
- Research & Analytics Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Joel Reece
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Brigham Young University-Hawaii, Laie, HI, USA
| | - Minsoo Kang
- Research & Analytics Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Health and Sport Analytics Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Matsugaki R, Kuhara S, Saeki S, Jiang Y, Michishita R, Ohta M, Yamato H. Effectiveness of workplace exercise supervised by a physical therapist among nurses conducting shift work: A randomized controlled trial. J Occup Health 2017; 59:327-335. [PMID: 28638000 PMCID: PMC5557819 DOI: 10.1539/joh.16-0125-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of supervised exercise among nurses conducting shift work for health promotion. METHODS A total of 30 healthy female nurses conducting shift work participated in this study and they were randomly assigned to one of the following 2 groups: The supervised exercise group (SG; participants exercised under the supervision of a physical therapist (PT)) and the voluntary exercise group (VG; participants exercised without supervision). The study participants were asked to exercise twice/week for 12 weeks for 24 sessions. The primary outcome was aerobic fitness, and the secondary outcomes were muscle strength, anthropometric data, biochemical parameters, and mental health. We compared all the outcomes before and after the intervention within each group and between both groups at follow-up. RESULTS Aerobic fitness increased in the SG whereas it decreased in the VG, but these changes were not statistically significant (p=0.053 and 0.073, respectively). However, the between-group difference was significant in the intervention effect (p=0.010). Muscle strength, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and metabolic profile (high-molecular weight adiponectin), and depressive symptom significantly improved in the SG over time, even though the SG exercised less as compared with the VG. Moreover, significant differences in muscle strength, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reactive oxygen metabolite levels were observed between both groups, and these parameters were better in the SG than in the VG. CONCLUSIONS Our data-suggest the effectiveness of exercise supervised by a PT at the workplace of nurses conducting shift work for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Matsugaki
- Rehabilitation Center of University Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Satoshi Kuhara
- Rehabilitation Center of University Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Satoru Saeki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Ryoma Michishita
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Masanori Ohta
- Department of Food and Health Sciences International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University
| | - Hiroshi Yamato
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
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Guessogo WR, Temfemo A, Mandengue SH, Assomo Ndemba PB, Messina Ondoua RT, Hamadou A, Etoundi-Ngoa LS, Ahmaidi S. Effect of 24-week repeated short-time walking based training program on physical fitness of black Cameroonian obese women. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:90-8. [PMID: 27162770 PMCID: PMC4849497 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1630502.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of a training program based on repetition of short-time walk sequences on cardiorespiratory response, physical performance and metabolic parameters in black Cameroonian obese women. One hundred thirty-nine obese women (body mass in-dex [BMI]>30 kg/m2) were divided into three groups: premenopausal (Pre-M; 39.7±7.9 yr; n=48), postmenopausal (Post-M; 55.0±2.5 yr; n=61) and control group (CONT; 48.7±9.4 yr; n=30). Only Pre-M and Post-M completed 24-week repeated short-time walking program. An-thropometric, cardiorespiratory, metabolic parameters, and the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) were measured at baseline (S1), 12 weeks follow-up (S2), and 2 days after the last session (S3). Significant changes were observed in weight, BMI, fatty mass and 6MWD in Pre-M and Post-M after 24 weeks. The waist and hip circumferences, percentages of water, muscle mass and bone mass changed in Post-M. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and forced expiratory volumes in 1 and 6 sec showed significant improvements in Pre-M and Post-M. High density lipoprotein increased only in Post-M (0.5±0.2 g/L vs 0.7±0.1 g/L, P=0.041). In conclusion, this training modality could constitute an option for obese women rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiliam R Guessogo
- National Institute of Youth and Sports, Yaounde, Cameroon; Exercise and Sport Physiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Abdou Temfemo
- Exercise and Sport Physiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Samuel H Mandengue
- Exercise and Sport Physiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon; Laboratoire EA3300 - APERE: Adaptations Physiologiques à l'Exercice et Réadaptations à l'Effort, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, Cedex, France
| | - Peguy B Assomo Ndemba
- Exercise and Sport Physiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - André Hamadou
- National Institute of Youth and Sports, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Said Ahmaidi
- Laboratoire EA3300 - APERE: Adaptations Physiologiques à l'Exercice et Réadaptations à l'Effort, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, Cedex, France
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