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Rossignolo EADA, Silva NCD, Stolf RL, Cavalieri FLB, Colombo AHB, Andreazzi MA, Seneda MM, Morotti F. Evaluation of hCG as gonadotropic support to timed embryo transfer protocol in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2023; 195:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Berean D, Bogdan LM, Opris P, Cimpean R. Economical implications and the impact of gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration at the time of artificial insemination in cows raised in the extensive system in North Romania. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1167387. [PMID: 37180075 PMCID: PMC10172496 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1167387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is the first and the most used biotechnologies in reproduction all over the world. Many studies reported the beneficial role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administrated some hours before the AI or at the artificial insemination time. This study aimed to assess the effect of GnRH analogs given at the time of insemination on the first, second, and third AIs and to assess the economical implications of GnRH administration. We hypothesized that administration of GnRH at the time of insemination would increase ovulation and pregnancy rate. The study was conducted on small farms in northwestern Romania and included animals of the Romanian Brown and Romanian Spotted breeds. Animals in estrous at the first, second, and third inseminations were randomly divided into groups that received GnRH at insemination and groups that did not. A comparison between the groups was performed and the cost of GnRH administration to obtain one gestation was calculated. The GnRh administration increased the pregnancy rate at the first and the second inseminations by 12 and 18%, respectively. For one pregnancy, the cost of GnRH administration was approximately 49 euros for the first insemination group and around 33 euros for the second insemination group. No improvement of the pregnancy rate was observed after the GnRH administration for the cows at the third insemination, so, for this group, no economic statistics were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berean
- Department of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu Marian Bogdan
- Department of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- *Correspondence: Liviu Marian Bogdan
| | | | - Raluca Cimpean
- Department of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Abdallah M, Joone C, Edwards S, Das S, Cavalieri J. Comparison of the initial ovarian response, the synchrony of oestrus and ovulation and chronic stress response after administration of 100 or 250 μg of GnRH to randomly cycling Bos indicus cattle. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:479-491. [PMID: 35765162 PMCID: PMC9796437 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of administering saline, 100 or 250 μg of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) on ovarian response, synchrony of oestrus and ovulation and chronic stress response in Bos indicus cattle. DESIGN Randomised control. METHODS Animals were either left untreated (n = 20) or on day 0 treated with an intravaginal progesterone releasing device and either saline (n = 24), 100 μg (n = 35), or 250 (n = 35) μg of GnRH, intramuscular (IM). Blood was sampled 1.4 h after administration of treatment to monitor concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH) and P4 in serum and again 5 days later. On day 5 intravaginal P4 releasing device were removed, cloprostenol was administered IM and again 8 h later. Oestrus and ovulation were then monitored with ultrasonography for 6.5 days. Hair was clipped on day 55 for analysis of hair cortisol concentrations (HCC). RESULTS No significant differences were found between Saline and GnRH treatments in the odds of inducing a new corpus luteum (CL) and the synchrony of oestrus or ovulation. HCC did not differ significantly between treatments. Mean concentrations of LH in serum on day 0 were less in the Saline compared to 100 and 250 μg GnRH treatments but did not differ between different doses of GnRH. CONCLUSION Mean concentrations of LH and the odds of inducing a new CL were not increased after administering 250 μg compared to 100 μg of GnRH. Animal handling events in the study did not influence HCC. Further research is needed to better optimise responses to GnRH in B. indicus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdallah
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueensland4811Australia
| | - C Joone
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueensland4811Australia
| | - S Edwards
- Vetoquinol pharmaceuticals, L2/485 Kingsford Smith DrHamiltonQueensland4007Australia
| | - S Das
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueensland4811Australia
| | - J Cavalieri
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueensland4811Australia
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Cunha TO, Martins JPN. Graduate Student Literature Review: Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on follicular and luteal dynamics and fertility in cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8401-8410. [PMID: 35965118 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating progesterone concentrations during the growth of the ovulatory follicle and early embryo development have been positively associated with embryo quality and survival and pregnancy success. As a potent luteotropic agent with LH-like activity, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been tested in different studies to improve pregnancy outcomes by increasing circulating progesterone concentrations during the growth of the ovulatory follicle or early embryonic development. Nevertheless, hCG has produced inconsistent, contradictory, and intriguing results. Furthermore, recent research indicates that hCG, when used before artificial insemination, may affect physiological events necessary for the ovulation of a viable oocyte. In addition, the use of hCG-inducing accessory corpus luteum during the estrous cycle seems to disturb luteolysis and follicle and luteal dynamics during the estrous cycle. This literature review discusses past and current research exploring the effects of hCG on the estrous cycle characteristics and pregnancy per artificial insemination and embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Cunha
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
| | - J P N Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
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Cavalieri J, Das S. Modification of a GnRH-based system to synchronise oestrus in Bos indicus cattle improves pregnancy rates to AI in heifers but not cows. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:162-171. [PMID: 35107174 PMCID: PMC9306618 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate if modification of a gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) based protocol to synchronise oestrus in Bos indicus cattle will improve response rates to the first administration of GnRH and improve pregnancy rates to artificial insemination (AI). Design Randomised control study. Methods Bos indicus heifers, nonlactating and lactating cows allocated to a GnRH‐18 treatment (n = 237) were treated with an intravaginal device (IVD) and cloprostenol (0.5 mg IM) on day −11 and on day 0 remaining animals in the GnRH‐7 treatment (n = 222) were administered an IVD and every animal was treated with GnRH (100 μg IM). On day 7, equine chorionic gonadotrophin (400 IU IM) and cloprostenol were administered and IVD's were removed. Animals detected in oestrus on day 9 were artificially inseminated while those not detected in oestrus were administered GnRH (100 μg IM) at 1700 hours and inseminated on day 10. Bulls were inserted 2 weeks after completion of AI and remained until day 65. Results The GnRH‐18 protocol increased the diameter of the largest follicle in the ovary on day 0, increased the percentage of new CL's induced after day 0 (46.3% vs 36.1%, for GnRH‐18 and GnRH‐7; P = 0.022), decreased circulating concentrations of progesterone on day 7 and increased odds of pregnancy to AI in heifers but not in nonlactating and lactating cows. Conclusion Treatment with the GnRH‐18 compared to the GnRH‐7 protocol increased pregnancy rates to AI in heifers but not in nonlactating or lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cavalieri
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - S Das
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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Storni E, Bollwein H, Hankele AK, Wellnitz O, Bruckmaier RM, Ulbrich SE, Lüttgenau J. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced suppression of luteal function in isolated perfused bovine ovaries. J Reprod Dev 2021; 68:45-52. [PMID: 34732602 PMCID: PMC8872752 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we observed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suppresses corpus luteum (CL) function in isolated perfused ovaries. It remained unclear if this suppression was due to increased luteal PGF2α secretion or LPS-induced apoptosis. Therefore, possible impacts of PGF2α and LPS were inhibited by a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (flunixin) and an endotoxin-binding agent (polymyxin B), respectively. Bovine ovaries with a mid-cycle CL were collected immediately after slaughter and perfused for 240 min. After 50 min of equilibration, either flunixin or polymyxin B (5 μg/ml of each) were added to the perfusion medium of six ovaries, respectively. All ovaries (n = 12) were treated with E.coli LPS (0.5 μg/ml) 60 min after the onset of perfusion, and received 500 I.U. of hCG after 210 min of perfusion. Progesterone and PGF2α were measured in the effluent perfusate every 10 and 30 min, respectively. Biopsies of the CL were collected every 60 min to determine the mRNA expression of the cytokine TNFA and factors of apoptosis (CASP3, -8). Flunixin-treatment inhibited the increase of PGF2α after LPS-challenge that was observed in the polymyxin B-treated (PX-LPS) ovaries. After hCG-stimulation, progesterone secretion increased (P< 0.05) in group PX-LPS but not in the flunixin-treated (F-LPS) ovaries. Compared to initial values before LPS-challenge, luteal mRNA expression of TNFA and CASP3 was increased (P< 0.05) in group F-LPS at 120 and 180 min, respectively, and those of CASP8 was decreased (P< 0.05) in PX-LPS at 60 and 120 min after LPS-treatment. In conclusion, although flunixin managed to inhibit PGF2α, it did not suffice to successfully prevent LPS-induced apoptosis. However, endotoxin-binding polymyxin B resulted in luteal responsiveness to hCG after LPS-challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Storni
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Katharina Hankele
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olga Wellnitz
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rupert M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Lüttgenau
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Cabrera EM, Lauber MR, Valdes-Arciniega T, El Azzi MS, Martins JPN, Bilby TR, Fricke PM. Replacing the first gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment in an Ovsynch protocol with human chorionic gonadotropin decreased pregnancies per artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8290-8300. [PMID: 33838886 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to compare the effect of treatment with GnRH at the first treatment (G1) of the Breeding-Ovsynch portion of a Double-Ovsynch (DO) protocol with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on pregnancies per artificial insemination (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows. In experiment 1, lactating dairy cows (n = 1,932) submitted to a DO protocol for first timed artificial insemination (TAI) on 2 commercial dairy farms were blocked by parity (primiparous vs. multiparous) and were randomly assigned to receive 100 µg of GnRH versus 2,500 IU of hCG at G1. Overall, P/AI 39 d after TAI for cows inseminated with sexed dairy semen was greater for cows treated with GnRH than for cows treated with hCG within each parity (primiparous: 42.6% vs. 38.2%; multiparous: 39.4% vs. 30.3%). Similarly, P/AI 39 d after TAI for multiparous cows inseminated with conventional beef semen tended to be greater for cows treated with GnRH than for cows treated with hCG (41.1% vs. 34.3%). In experiment 2, lactating Holstein cows (n = 43) were blocked by parity and were randomly assigned to the treatment protocols described for experiment 1. Ovaries were evaluated with transrectal ultrasonography immediately before treatment and 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40 h after treatment to assess time from treatment to ovulation, and blood samples were collected immediately before G1, at the first PGF2α treatment, 8 and 16 h later, at the second PGF2α treatment, 8 and 16 h later, at the second GnRH (G2) treatment, and at TAI to compare luteolysis based on serum progesterone (P4) concentrations. Although mean (± standard error of the mean) time from treatment to ovulation was approximately 2 h greater for cows treated with hCG than for cows treated with GnRH (33.7 ± 0.6 vs. 31.5 ± 0.6 h), P4 concentrations during luteolysis and the proportion of cows with complete luteolysis (P4 <0.4 ng/mL at G2) did not differ between treatments. We conclude that replacing 100 µg of GnRH with 2,500 IU of hCG at G1 of a DO protocol decreased fertility to TAI in lactating dairy cows but did not affect the rate or completeness of luteolysis despite the increased interval from treatment to ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Cabrera
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - M R Lauber
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | | | - M S El Azzi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - J P N Martins
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - T R Bilby
- Merck Animal Health, Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - P M Fricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
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Besbaci M, Abdelli A, Minviel JJ, Belabdi I, Kaidi R, Raboisson D. Association of pregnancy per artificial insemination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin administered during the luteal phase after artificial insemination in dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:2006-2018. [PMID: 31785879 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One strategy for improving fertility in cattle is administration of GnRH or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during the luteal phase, which increases progesterone (P4) secretion and delays luteolysis. To provide an overview of how GnRH or hCG treatment between 4 and 15 d after artificial insemination (AI) improves pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in cows, a meta-analysis was performed on 107 different trials from 52 publications. Data from 18,082 treated cows and 18,385 untreated controls were meta-analyzed. The meta-analysis explained the relative risk for P/AI with GnRH or hCG treatment under various circumstances. The results did not show any difference in P/AI between cows treated with hCG and cows treated with GnRH. Compared with no treatment, treatment with GnRH or hCG improved the chances of P/AI in cows with very poor (<30%) and poor (30.1 to 45%) fertility, whereas treatment did not benefit cows with very good fertility (>60.1%). Moreover, treatment with GnRH and hCG improved the chances of P/AI in primiparous cows. The improvement was much better in primiparous cows with very low fertility. Treatment with buserelin at a dose above 10 µg and with hCG at a dose above 2,500 IU was associated with increased chances of P/AI compared with lower doses. Treatment with GnRH 10 d after AI was also associated with increased chances of P/AI compared with earlier treatment. The present meta-analysis showed that the use of GnRH and hCG after AI should be focused on cows expected to have low or moderate fertility. Day and dose of treatment have to be considered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Besbaci
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Blida 1, 09,000, Blida, Algeria; High National School Veterinary El Harrach, Algers, 16,000, Algeria.
| | - A Abdelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bouira, 10,000, Bouira, Algeria
| | - J J Minviel
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - I Belabdi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Blida 1, 09,000, Blida, Algeria
| | - R Kaidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Blida 1, 09,000, Blida, Algeria
| | - D Raboisson
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Reese ST, Franco GA, Poole RK, Hood R, Fernadez Montero L, Oliveira Filho RV, Cooke RF, Pohler KG. Pregnancy loss in beef cattle: A meta-analysis. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 212:106251. [PMID: 31864492 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy loss in beef cattle causes both management and economic challenges to a producer. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify reproductive failures that occur during fertilization, early embryonic development, and late embryonic/early fetal development periods of gestation in beef cattle. The meta-analysis included more than 56,000 diagnostic records in 159 studies from 48 papers with 12 studies included in fertilization and pre- blastocyst loss analysis (FERT; days 1-7 of gestation), 107 in early embryo (EEM; days 7-32), and 40 in late embryo/early fetal period (LEF; days 32-100) analysis. Although fertilization rates are reportedly high in beef cattle, significant developmental failure occurs within the first 7 days of gestation. Approximately 28.4 % of embryos will not develop past day 7 of gestation with most embryonic losses occurring before day 4. By the conclusion of the first month of gestation, 47.9 % of cows submitted to a single insemination at day 0 will not be pregnant. Overall, LEF between days 32-60 and 100 was 5.8 %. Bos indicus animals had greater (P = 0.001) EEM compared to Bos taurus, but there was no difference (P = 0.39) for the LEF period between subspecies. Primiparous cows had greater EEM (P = 0.002) compared to nulliparous heifers and multiparous cows; and nulliparous heifers had a greater LEF compared to primiparous and multiparous cows (P = 0.048). Collectively, these cumulative findings provide a baseline assessment of pregnancy loss specific to beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Reese
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - G A Franco
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R Hood
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - L Fernadez Montero
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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Rojas Canadas E, Gobikrushanth M, Fernandez P, Kenneally J, Lonergan P, Butler ST. Evaluation of alternative strategies to treat anoestrous dairy cows and implications for reproductive performance in pasture-based seasonal calving herds: A pilot study. Theriogenology 2019; 127:130-136. [PMID: 30685688 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the effects on ovulation and reproductive performance of a single injection of either GnRH or hCG applied 9 days before the start of the seasonal breeding period in anovulatory anoestrus cows compared with a 7-day progesterone-Ovsynch protocol. The study was conducted on four grass-based seasonal calving dairy herds in Ireland. The total number of cows in the herds was 2112, of which 488 were diagnosed as anoestrus based on absence of behavioural oestrus during a 30 day period. Ovarian structures and the uterus were examined by transrectal ultrasound on all 488 presumptive anestrus cows 9 days before mating start date (MSD). The number of corpora lutea (CL), number of large follicles (≥10 mm) and uterine reproductive tract score were recorded. Only cows that had no CL, ultrasound reproductive tract score ≤2 and were ≥30 days in milk (DIM) were enrolled in the study (n = 214). Cows were blocked by parity, DIM and body condition score and randomly assigned to one of four treatments: i.m. injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue [GnRH; (n = 57)], i.m. injection of human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG; (n = 48)], 7-day Progesterone-Ovsynch protocol [P4OV; (n = 60)] and Control (no hormonal intervention, n = 49). A second ultrasound examination was performed 7 days after treatment to determine ovulatory response. There was a treatment effect on ovulation rate (P < 0.0001), whereby Control cows had a lesser ovulation rate compared with GnRH-, hCG- and P4OV-treated cows. Submission rate during the first 21 days of the breeding period [SR21; (P = 0.74)], pregnant to first service [P/AI1; (P = 0.24)], pregnant within 42 days after the onset of breeding [P42; (P = 0.73)], and pregnant within 84 days after the onset of breeding were not affected by treatment. A tendency was observed (P = 0.07) for greater likelihood of pregnancy within 21 days after the onset of breeding (P21) for P4OV and Control cows compared with GnRH- and hCG-treated cows. GnRH- and hCG-treated cows tended (P = 0.10) to have greater P/AI1 when first service events occurred after day 21 of the breeding period compared with Control cows. P4OV cows had shorter MSD to first service interval (P = 0.0001) and shorter MSD to conception interval (P = 0.02) compared with Control, GnRH- and hCG-treated cows. In conclusion, treatment of anestrous cows with GnRH or hCG resulted in an increase in ovulation rate compared with untreated Control cows, but did not improve reproductive performance during the first 21 days of the breeding season. The best reproductive performance results were obtained with the P4OV treatment, but this treatment has the greatest cost, and has the greatest number of interventions. The observation of good P/AI1 in hCG- and GnRH- treated cows when the first insemination occurred later than day 21 after MSD warrants further investigation, and suggests that these interventions should be applied earlier than 9 days before the farm MSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rojas Canadas
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Gobikrushanth
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Fernandez
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - J Kenneally
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S T Butler
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Schmitz W, Kramer M, Erhardt G, Gauly M, Driancourt MA, Holtz W. Pregnancy rate after fixed-time artificial insemination of suckled beef cows subjected to a cosynch protocol with either buserelin or hCG as ovulation inducing agent. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stevenson JS, Hill SL, Bridges GA, Larson JE, Lamb GC. Progesterone status, parity, body condition, and days postpartum before estrus or ovulation synchronization in suckled beef cattle influence artificial insemination pregnancy outcomes1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2111-23. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Akbarabadi MA, Shabankareh HK, Abdolmohammadi A, Shahsavari M. Effect of PGF2α and GnRH on the reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows subjected to synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination during the warm or cold periods of the year. Theriogenology 2014; 82:509-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Binversie J, Pfeiffer K, Larson J. Modifying the double-Ovsynch protocol to include human chorionic gonadotropin to synchronize ovulation in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2012; 78:2095-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Marquezini GHL, Dahlen CR, Bird SL, Lamb GC. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to suckled beef cows before ovulation synchronization and fixed-time insemination: Replacement of gonadotropin-releasing hormone with human chorionic gonadotropin1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:3030-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dahlen CR, Marquezini GHL, Larson JE, Lamb GC. Human chorionic gonadotropin influences ovarian function and concentrations of progesterone in prepubertal Angus heifers1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2739-49. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dahlen CR, Marquezini GHL, Larson JE, Lamb GC. Fixed-time artificial insemination in replacement beef heifers after estrus synchronization with human chorionic gonadotropin or gonadotropin-releasing hormone1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2750-8. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wallace L, Breiner C, Breiner R, Spell A, Carter J, Lamb G, Stevenson J. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin at embryo transfer induced ovulation of a first wave dominant follicle, and increased progesterone and transfer pregnancy rates. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1506-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Johnson R, Bennett WA, Cuadra EJ, Njiti V, Jung Y, Mason M. Roles of hCG in Advancing Follicular Growth to Ovulation after Concurrent Injections of PGF(2α) and GnRH in Postpubertal Holstein Heifers Bearing a CL. Vet Med Int 2010; 2010:394236. [PMID: 21151654 PMCID: PMC2995931 DOI: 10.4061/2010/394236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that injecting Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) concurrently with Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF(2α)) followed by an injection of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), would advance follicular growth to ovulation in Holstein heifers bearing a corpus luteum (CL). After manual examination of the CL, group 1 (PGF; n = 12) received an injection of PGF(2α) (25 mg, im). Group 2 (PGF + GnRH; n = 13) received an injection of GnRH (100 μg, im) immediately after an injection of PGF(2α). Group 3 (PGF + GnRH + hCG; n = 12) received concurrent injections of PGF(2α) and GnRH followed with hCG (1500 IU, im) two days later. Follicular size and day of ovulation were monitored by daily ultrasonographic examination from days 1 to 10. Blood was collected on days-7, 0 (PGF(2α) administration), 2, and 7. Progesterone was not different (P > .05) on days-7, 0, and 2 between the experimental groups. However, it was higher (P < .005) in the PGF + GnRH + hCG group on day 7 compared to PGF + GnRH heifers, but not significantly higher than the PGF. Additionally, heifers in the PGF + GnRH + hCG group ovulated earlier (P < .05) than heifers in the PGF + GnRH and the PGF group. This data indicates that hCG advances follicular growth to ovulation in spite of high levels of progesterone when injected 48 h after concurrent treatments of GnRH and PGF(2α) on heifers bearing a CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Johnson
- Department of Agriculture, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Drive, Box 750, Alcorn State, MS 39096, USA
| | - William A. Bennett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Evelin J. Cuadra
- Department of Agriculture, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Drive, Box 750, Alcorn State, MS 39096, USA
| | - Victor Njiti
- School of Research, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Drive no. 330, Alcorn State, MS 39096, USA
| | - Yoonsung Jung
- School of Research, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Drive no. 330, Alcorn State, MS 39096, USA
| | - Melissa Mason
- Department of Agriculture, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Drive, Box 750, Alcorn State, MS 39096, USA
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Effect of hCG vs. GnRH at the beginning of the Ovsynch on first ovulation and conception rates in cyclic lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2010; 74:602-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dahlen CR, Bird SL, Martel CA, Olson KC, Stevenson JS, Lamb GC. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin 7 days after fixed-time artificial insemination of suckled beef cows1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2337-45. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Clinical use of human chorionic gonadotropin in dairy cows: An update. Theriogenology 2010; 73:1001-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Buttrey B, Burns M, Stevenson J. Ovulation and pregnancy outcomes in response to human chorionic gonadotropin before resynchronized ovulation in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2010; 73:449-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cavestany D, Crespi D, Fernandez A. Oestrus synchronisation and fixed time artificial insemination in beef heifers. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/an09106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To compare two oestrus synchronisation protocols in beef heifers presynchronised with two prostaglandin F2α (PG) treatments, 36 h after the second PG treatment one group (hCG-OB group; n = 112) received 250 IU of hCG and 0.5 mg of oestradiol benzoate (OB) followed by fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) 30 h later. Additional oestrus detection (OD) and artificial insemination (AI) was done in this group for 3 days after FTAI; heifers rebred during this period were considered open to the FTAI. The Control group (n = 112) received only OD and AI for 6 days after the second PG treatment. Follicular size was measured at the time of AI in a subsample of heifers (59 in the hCG-OB group and 34 in the Control group). Results were evaluated separately either considering heifers pregnant at FTAI or those pregnant at FTAI + 3-day OD + AI. The FTAI conception rate was 45.5 vs 76.5% for the Control group (P < 0.0001) and pregnancy rates were 45.5 and 67.0% (P = 0.0014); FTAI + OD + AI conception rates were 63.4 and 76.2% (P = 0.0404) and pregnancy rates 63.4 and 62.8% (P = 0.5719) (hCG-OB and Control groups, respectively). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.713, P < 0.01) between follicle size at FTAI and pregnancy in the hCG-OB group, but not in the Control group (r = 0.3465, P > 0.1). In conclusion, acceptable synchronised conception rate and pregnancy rate were obtained by using this protocol, and the results were improved by complementing it with OD + AI for 3 days after FTAI.
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