1
|
Nardi KT, Sarturi JO, Huerta-Leidenz N, Henry DD, Woerner DR, Ciriaco FM, Sánchez-Escalante A, Torrescano-Urrutia GR, Silva KGS, Favero IG. The effects of a Nutritional Packet (live yeast, vitamins C and B1, and electrolytes) offered during the final phase of feedlot steers on growth performance, nutrient digestion, and feeding behavior. J Anim Sci 2022; 101:6960705. [PMID: 36566429 PMCID: PMC9863028 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a Nutritional Packet offered to beef steers during the final 64 d of the feedlot-finishing phase on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and feeding behavior were evaluated. Angus-crossbred steers (N = 120; initial body weight = 544 ± 52 kg) were assigned to 30 pens (4 steers per pen; 15 pens per treatment) in a randomized complete block design where pen was the experimental unit. A steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet was offered to ad libitum, and the treatments were as follows: 1) control and 2) 30 g per steer-daily (dry matter basis) of the Nutritional Packet. The Nutritional Packet was formulated to provide 1.7 × 1010 CFU per steer-daily of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 162 mg per steer-daily of vitamin C; 400 mg per steer-daily of vitamin B1; 2.4 g per steer-daily of NaCl, and 2.4 g per steer-daily of KCl. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with the fixed effect of treatment and the random effect of block. The average daily gain (P = 0.89), dry matter intake (P = 0.57), and gain efficiency (P = 0.82) were not affected by the inclusion of the Nutritional Packet. Digestibility of dry and organic matter, and neutral and acid detergent fiber increased (P ≤ 0.02) for steers offered the Nutritional Packet, while a trend for the same response was observed for hemicellulose (P = 0.08). The 12th rib backfat thickness increased (P = 0.02) for carcasses of steers offered the Nutritional Packet, followed by a greater (P = 0.03) calculated yield grade, whereas other carcass traits were not affected (P ≥ 0.32). While the steers under the control diet decreased behavior activities on day 63, a consistent pattern of feeding behavior measurements (activity min/d and min/kg of dry and organic matter, fiber fractions, and digestible nutrients) were observed for steers consuming the Nutritional Packet during both feeding behavior assessment periods (treatment × period interactions, P ≤ 0.03). Overall time (min/d) spent on rumination, drinking, active, chewing, and resting were not affected (P ≥ 0.28) by treatments. The Nutritional Packet offered to steers during the final 64 d on feed induced an improvement in apparent digestibility of nutrients and carcass fat deposition, without affecting growth performance or other carcass quality indices. Such effects associated with the more consistent feeding behavior of steers receiving the Nutritional Packet may warrant a shorter time on feed during the final portion of the finishing phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaue T Nardi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | - Nelson Huerta-Leidenz
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Darren D Henry
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Dale R Woerner
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Francine M Ciriaco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Armida Sánchez-Escalante
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo Sonora 83304, México
| | - Gastón R Torrescano-Urrutia
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo Sonora 83304, México
| | - Kaliu G S Silva
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Igor G Favero
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith SB, Blackmon TL, Sawyer JE, Miller RK, Baber JR, Morrill JC, Cabral AR, Wickersham TA. Glucose and acetate metabolism in bovine intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissues from steers infused with glucose, propionate, or acetate. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:921-929. [PMID: 29409001 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that abomasal infusion of glucose would promote de novo fatty acid biosynthesis from glucose in vitro in bovine intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissues to a greater extent than ruminal infusion of acetate, propionate, or glucose. Angus crossbred steers (n = 24), 22 mo of age, were fitted with ruminal cannulas, and steers were adapted to another corn/sorghum finishing diet over a 2-wk period while recovering from the placement of the cannulas. After the adaptation period, the steers were fed the second finishing diet at 130% of their voluntary intake and were infused with isocaloric amounts (3.76 Mcal/d) of glucose, propionate, or acetate for 35 d. Glucose was infused either into the rumen or into the abomasum, whereas propionate and acetate were infused into the rumen. Acetate infusion decreased DM and DE intakes (P < 0.05). The 5th to 8th longissimus muscle section was removed immediately and transported to the laboratory within 10 min post-exsanguination in 38 °C, oxygenated Krebs Henseleit buffer containing 5 mM glucose and 5 mM acetate. Intramuscular and s.c. adipose tissues were dissected from the muscle and incubated in vitro in 5 mM glucose plus 5 mM acetate (containing [U-14C]glucose or [1-14C]acetate). Lipid content was lower (P = 0.04) in i.m. adipose tissue of the acetate-infused steers than in the other treatment groups, and i.m. adipocytes from acetate-infused steers were smaller (P = 0.01) than those from propionate-infused steers. The rate of incorporation of acetate into glyceride-fatty acids (GFA) in i.m. and s.c. adipose tissues was greater (P < 0.03) in steers receiving ruminal or abomasal infusions of glucose than in adipose tissues from steers infused with acetate. The greatest rates of GFA synthesis were observed in s.c. adipose tissue from steers infused ruminally with propionate or abomasally infused with glucose (P < 0.001). In i.m. and s.c. adipose tissues, the proportion of acetyl units from acetate incorporated into GFA was greater in steers receiving glucose infusion in the rumen or abomasum than in steers receiving acetate or propionate infusion (P < 0.05). Contrary to our hypothesis, abomasal glucose infusion did not promote greater fatty acid biosynthesis from glucose in i.m. adipose tissue than ruminal glucose infusion. However, glucose infusion caused the greatest production of acetyl units from acetate in i.m. and s.c. adipose tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - T L Blackmon
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J E Sawyer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - R K Miller
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J R Baber
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J C Morrill
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - A R Cabral
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - T A Wickersham
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berton MP, Fonseca LFS, Gimenez DFJ, Utembergue BL, Cesar ASM, Coutinho LL, de Lemos MVA, Aboujaoude C, Pereira ASC, Silva RMDO, Stafuzza NB, Feitosa FLB, Chiaia HLJ, Olivieri BF, Peripolli E, Tonussi RL, Gordo DM, Espigolan R, Ferrinho AM, Mueller LF, de Albuquerque LG, de Oliveira HN, Duckett S, Baldi F. Gene expression profile of intramuscular muscle in Nellore cattle with extreme values of fatty acid. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:972. [PMID: 27884102 PMCID: PMC5123393 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid type in beef can be detrimental to human health and has received considerable attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in longissimus thoracis muscle of 48 Nellore young bulls with extreme phenotypes for fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat by RNA-seq technique. Results Differential expression analyses between animals with extreme phenotype for fatty acid composition showed a total of 13 differentially expressed genes for myristic (C14:0), 35 for palmitic (C16:0), 187 for stearic (C18:0), 371 for oleic (C18:1, cis-9), 24 for conjugated linoleic (C18:2 cis-9, trans11, CLA), 89 for linoleic (C18:2 cis-9,12 n6), and 110 genes for α-linolenic (C18:3 n3) fatty acids. For the respective sums of the individual fatty acids, 51 differentially expressed genes for saturated fatty acids (SFA), 336 for monounsaturated (MUFA), 131 for polyunsaturated (PUFA), 92 for PUFA/SFA ratio, 55 for ω3, 627 for ω6, and 22 for ω6/ω3 ratio were identified. Functional annotation analyses identified several genes associated with fatty acid metabolism, such as those involved in intra and extra-cellular transport of fatty acid synthesis precursors in intramuscular fat of longissimus thoracis muscle. Some of them must be highlighted, such as: ACSM3 and ACSS1 genes, which work as a precursor in fatty acid synthesis; DGAT2 gene that acts in the deposition of saturated fat in the adipose tissue; GPP and LPL genes that support the synthesis of insulin, stimulating both the glucose synthesis and the amino acids entry into the cells; and the BDH1 gene, which is responsible for the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies used in the synthesis of ATP. Conclusion Several genes related to lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition were identified. These findings must contribute to the elucidation of the genetic basis to improve Nellore meat quality traits, with emphasis on human health. Additionally, it can also contribute to improve the knowledge of fatty acid biosynthesis and the selection of animals with better nutritional quality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3232-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Berton
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa F S Fonseca
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela F J Gimenez
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Utembergue
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Pirassununga, 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline S M Cesar
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, SP, Brazil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Lago Sul, 71605-001, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius A de Lemos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolyn Aboujaoude
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Angélica S C Pereira
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Pirassununga, 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M de O Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Nedenia B Stafuzza
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabieli L B Feitosa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Hermenegildo L J Chiaia
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Olivieri
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Peripolli
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Tonussi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Gordo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Espigolan
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Adrielle M Ferrinho
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Pirassununga, 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lenise F Mueller
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia G de Albuquerque
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Lago Sul, 71605-001, DF, Brazil
| | - Henrique N de Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Lago Sul, 71605-001, DF, Brazil
| | - Susan Duckett
- Animal and Veterinary Science Department of Clemson University, Clemson, 29634, SC, USA
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil. .,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Lago Sul, 71605-001, DF, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gilmore LA, Walzem RL, Crouse SF, Smith DR, Adams TH, Vaidyanathan V, Cao X, Smith SB. Consumption of high-oleic acid ground beef increases HDL-cholesterol concentration but both high- and low-oleic acid ground beef decrease HDL particle diameter in normocholesterolemic men. J Nutr 2011; 141:1188-94. [PMID: 21525253 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.136085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of previous results from this laboratory, this study tested the hypothesis that ground beef high in MUFA and low in SFA would increase the HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and LDL particle diameter. In a crossover dietary intervention, 27 free-living normocholesterolemic men completed treatments in which five 114-g ground beef patties/wk were consumed for 5 wk with an intervening 4-wk washout period. Patties contained 24% total fat with a MUFA:SFA ratio of either 0.71 (low MUFA, from pasture-fed cattle) or 1.10 (high MUFA, from grain-fed cattle). High-MUFA ground beef provided 3.21 g more 18:1(n-9), 1.26 g less 18:0, 0.89 g less 16:0, and 0.36 g less 18:1(trans) fatty acids per patty than did the low-MUFA ground beef. Both ground beef interventions decreased plasma insulin and HDL(2) and HDL(3) particle diameters and increased plasma 18:0 and 20:4(n-6) (all P ≤ 0.05) relative to baseline values. Only the high-MUFA ground beef intervention increased the HDL-C concentration from baseline (P = 0.02). The plasma TG concentration was positively correlated with the plasma insulin concentration (r = 0.40; P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HDL-C (r = -0.47; P < 0.001) and plasma 18:0 (r = -0.24; P < 0.01). Plasma insulin and HDL diameters were not correlated (r = 0.01; P > 0.50), indicating that reductions in these measures were not coordinately regulated. The data indicate that dietary beef interventions have effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease that are independent (insulin, HDL diameters) and dependent (HDL-C) on beef fatty acid composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Anne Gilmore
- Department of Animal Science, and Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|