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Gallelli MF, Bianchi C, Zampini E, Bertuzzi M, Aba M, Neild D, Miragaya M. Effect of hCG administration on Day 7 post-mating on accessory corpus luteum development and progesterone concentration in llamas. Theriogenology 2021; 180:154-160. [PMID: 34973647 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A high embryo loss rate has been reported in llamas. As strategies that lead to an increase in plasma progesterone (P4) concentration might improve fertility, the aim of the present study was to evaluate if the administration of hCG on Day 7 post-mating is useful to develop an accessory corpus luteum (CL), increasing plasma P4 concentration. Twenty (n = 20) female llamas, ranging between 5 and 10 years of age and four (n = 4) males of proven fertility, ranging between 8 and 10 years of age were included in the study. Accessory CL developed in all treated llamas after hCG administration and plasma P4 concentration was significantly greater in treated than in control females (P˂0.0001). The diameter and vascularization of the original CL were not affected by treatment in pregnant llamas. However, in treated non-pregnant llamas, corpus luteum diameter was greater than in the control group from Day 14 post-mating until the end of the study (P˂0.001). In treated llamas, the accessory CL was detected throughout the study in pregnant and non-pregnant females, but its vascularization started to decrease around Day 16 post-mating in non-pregnant animals (P˂0.05). In conclusion, hCG treatment on Day 7 post mating was useful to induce an accessory CL and increase plasma P4 concentration in llamas. Thus, this treatment could be considered as a useful strategy to improve pregnancy rates in llama herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florencia Gallelli
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carolina Bianchi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Endocrinología, CIVETAN, Fac. de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Enzo Zampini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bertuzzi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Aba
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, CIVETAN, Fac. de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Deborah Neild
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Miragaya
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sala RV, Melo LF, Motta JCL, Leffers-Neto L, Carrenho-Sala LC, Fosado M, Moreno JF, Baruselli PS, Wiltbank MC, García-Guerra A. Optimization of a 5-day fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET) protocol in heifers I. Manipulation of circulating progesterone through reutilization of intravaginal progesterone devices during FTET. Theriogenology 2020; 156:171-180. [PMID: 32755716 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to: 1) compare the reproductive efficiency of embryo transfer (ET) recipients after synchronization of estrus or a 5-day synchronization of ovulation protocol for fixed time ET (FTET), and 2) determine the effect of reutilization of intravaginal P4 devices (CIDRs), up to four times, in a 5-day FTET protocol. In Experiment 1, 817 dairy heifers were assigned to one of three groups: PGF + estrus detection, 5-d FTET protocol with new (1.38 g P4) or 2nd use CIDR (previously used once for 5 d). Fresh in vitro produced embryos were transferred 7 ± 1 day after estrus (PGF + estrus) or GnRH (5-day FTET). Utilization rate (transferred/treated) was greater (P < 0.001) in heifers submitted to FTET compared to ET after estrus, however pregnancies per ET (P/ET) were not different (P > 0.10). As a result, pregnancy per treated (P/treated) recipient was greater (P < 0.05) in heifers in the 5-day FTET protocol. In Experiment 2, 40 dairy heifers without a corpus luteum (CL) were randomly allocated into one of four groups using new, 2nd use, 3rd use (previously used twice for 5 d/each), or 4th use (previously used thrice for 5 d/each) CIDRs. Circulating P4 was reduced (P < 0.01) with each reutilization. In Experiment 3, ovarian follicular dynamics were evaluated in 238 dairy heifers submitted to a 5-day protocol with either new, 2nd use, 3rd use or 4th use CIDRs at random stages of the estrous cycle. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF) was administered at CIDR removal and again 24 h later. Ovulation was induced by GnRH treatment 72 h after CIDR removal. Preovulatory follicle diameter increased (P < 0.001) progressively with increasing CIDR reutilization. Ovulation rate did not differ between treatments, however, interval from CIDR removal to ovulation decreased (P < 0.001) in heifers receiving 3rd and 4th use CIDRs compared to new or 2nd use. Finally, in Experiments 4 and 5, 1203 heifers submitted to a 5-day FTET protocol were randomly assigned to receive either a new CIDR, a 3rd use CIDR (Experiment 4) or a 4th use CIDR (Experiment 5). Despite the increase in CL volume on D5 in heifers treated with 3rd use (P = 0.03) or 4th use CIDRs (P < 0.01), there were no differences (P > 0.05) in utilization rate, P/ET, or P/treated. Thus, use of a 5-day FTET synchronization protocol improves reproductive efficiency by increasing recipient utilization, and reutilization of CIDRs up to four times in recipient dairy heifers does not compromise reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Sala
- ST Genetics-Volm Farm ST Heifer Center, Kewaskum, WI, 53040, USA
| | - L F Melo
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J C L Motta
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Leffers-Neto
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - M Fosado
- ST Genetics-Volm Farm ST Heifer Center, Kewaskum, WI, 53040, USA
| | - J F Moreno
- ST Genetics, 22575 State HWY 6 South, Navasota, TX, USA
| | - P S Baruselli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, FMVZ-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A García-Guerra
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Niles AM, Fricke HP, Carvalho PD, Wiltbank MC, Hernandez LL, Fricke PM. Effect of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin 7 days after artificial insemination or at the time of embryo transfer on reproductive outcomes in nulliparous Holstein heifers. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2593-2606. [PMID: 30692012 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to assess the effect of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 7 d after artificial insemination (AI) or at the time of in vitro-fertilized (IVF) embryo transfer on reproductive outcomes, including progesterone (P4), interferon-tau stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB), and pregnancies per AI (P/AI) or pregnancies per embryo transfer (P/ET), in nulliparous Holstein heifers. Heifers in experiment 1 were randomly assigned to receive no treatment (control; n = 129) or 2,000 IU of hCG 7 d after AI to a detected estrus (estrus = experimental d 0; hCG; n = 132). Heifers in experiment 2 were randomly assigned to receive no treatment (control; n = 143) or 2,000 IU of hCG (hCG; n = 148) at transfer of an IVF embryo 7 d after the last GnRH treatment of a 5-d controlled internal drug release-synch protocol (last GnRH = experimental d 0). Blood samples were collected from a subgroup of heifers (experiment 1, n = 82; experiment 2, n = 104) at d 7, 11, 18, 20, 25, 28, and 32, and blood samples from heifers diagnosed pregnant were collected on d 35, 39, 46, 53, 60, and 67. Blood samples were assayed for P4 by RIA and for PSPB by ELISA, and expression of ISG15 was assessed in mRNA isolated from blood leukocytes on d 18 and 20. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and logistic regression using the MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures. In both experiments, treatment with hCG increased P4 concentrations from d 11 to 32; however, treatment did not affect P/AI or P/ET at d 32 or 67, PSPB concentrations from d 11 to 67 of pregnancy, or relative ISG15 mRNA concentrations on d 18 or 20. Heifers diagnosed not pregnant at d 32 in experiment 2 with an extended luteal phase (>20 d) and treated with hCG had greater relative ISG15 mRNA concentrations on d 20 than control heifers. Treatment with hCG did not affect pregnancy loss in experiment 1, whereas heifers treated with hCG at the time of IVF embryo transfer had fewer pregnancy losses from d 32 to 67 than control heifers. We concluded that treatment with 2,000 IU of hCG 7 d after AI or at the time of embryo transfer increased P4 concentrations without affecting P/AI or P/ET in nulliparous Holstein heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Niles
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - H P Fricke
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - P D Carvalho
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - L L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - P M Fricke
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
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Stevenson J, Lamb G. Contrasting effects of progesterone on fertility of dairy and beef cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5951-5964. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pandey A, Dhaliwal G, Ghuman S, Agarwal S. Impact of buserelin acetate or hCG administration on day 5 post-ovulation on subsequent luteal profile and conception rate in Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 162:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lonergan P. Influence of progesterone on oocyte quality and embryo development in cows. Theriogenology 2012; 76:1594-601. [PMID: 21855985 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In cattle, the majority of embryo loss occurs very early during pregnancy (approximately Day 16), around or prior to maternal recognition of pregnancy. The actions of P4 in controlling LH pulsatility and ovarian follicular development may impinge negatively on oocyte quality. A considerable proportion of embryo loss may be attributable to inadequate circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations and the subsequent downstream consequences on endometrial gene expression and histotroph secretion into the uterine lumen. Conceptus growth and development require the action of P4 on the uterus to regulate endometrial function, including conceptus-maternal interactions, pregnancy recognition, and uterine receptivity for implantation. This review summarizes recent data highlighting the role of progesterone in determining oocyte quality and embryo development in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lonergan
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Rizos D, Scully S, Kelly AK, Ealy AD, Moros R, Duffy P, Al Naib A, Forde N, Lonergan P. Effects of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration on Day 5 after oestrus on corpus luteum characteristics, circulating progesterone and conceptus elongation in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:472-81. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that elevated concentrations of progesterone (P4) resulting from the induction of an accessory corpus luteum (CL) by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration on Day 5 after oestrus would lead to advanced conceptus elongation on Day 14 following embryo transfer on Day 7. The oestrous cycles of cross-bred beef heifers were synchronised and animals were randomly assigned to receive either of two treatments: (1) intramuscular injection of 3000 IU hCG on Day 5 after oestrus (n = 14); or (2) intramuscular injection of saline on Day 5 after oestrus (n = 13). Ovaries were scanned daily by transrectal ultrasonography to assess CL development. Serum concentrations of P4 were determined from daily blood samples collected from the jugular vein. In vitro-produced bovine blastocysts were transferred to synchronised recipients on Day 7 after oestrus (n = 15 blastocysts per recipient). Heifers were killed on Day 14 after oestrus and the uterus was flushed to recover the embryos. Injection of hCG on Day 5 induced ovulation of the dominant follicle in all treated heifers and increased the total area of luteal tissue on the ovary, which was associated with a significant increase (P < 0.001) in serum concentrations of P4 from Day 7 to Day 14. Positive associations were detected between circulating P4 with CL area (within-day correlations ranging from r = 0.45 to r = 0.67) and total area of luteal tissue (within-day correlations ranging from r = 0.65 to r = 0.86) Administration of hCG did not affect the proportion of Day 14 conceptuses recovered. However, compared with the control group, hCG-treated heifers had increased conceptus length (3.91 ± 1.23 vs 5.57 ± 1.02 mm, respectively; P = 0.06), width (1.00 ± 0.06 vs 1.45 ± 0.05 mm, respectively; P = 0.002) and area (5.71 ± 0.97 vs 8.31 ± 0.83, respectively; P = 0.02). Although numerically greater, mean interferon-τ (IFNT) production in vitro did not differ significantly (P = 0.54) between embryos recovered from hCG-treated and control heifers. In contrast, there was a strong positive correlation between individual embryo length (r = 0.76; P < 0.001) and individual embryo area (r = 0.72; P < 0.001) and IFNT production. In conclusion, administration of hCG on Day 5 after oestrus resulted in the formation of an accessory CL and hypertrophy of the original CL, the result of which was an increase in P4 concentrations from Day 7 onwards. These elevated P4 concentrations were associated with an increased conceptus area. Furthermore, conceptus size was highly correlated with IFNT secretion in vitro.
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Marquezini GHL, Dahlen CR, Bird SL, Lamb GC. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to suckled beef cows before ovulation synchronization and fixed-time insemination: Replacement of gonadotropin-releasing hormone with human chorionic gonadotropin1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:3030-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wallace L, Breiner C, Breiner R, Spell A, Carter J, Lamb G, Stevenson J. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin at embryo transfer induced ovulation of a first wave dominant follicle, and increased progesterone and transfer pregnancy rates. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1506-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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