Two cases of the double inferior venae cavae

Retroperitoneal lymphoma with double inferior vena cava shown using a 3D visualization model: A case report and literature review

Cases of a retroperitoneal tumor with double inferior vena cava (IVC) are rarely reported. The present report documents a case of a retroperitoneal lymphoma with double IVC, and discusses its embryological, clinical and radiological significance. In addition, previous cases of a double IVC are reviewed. In the present report, a 52-year-old male patient was hospitalized for a retroperitoneal lymphoma tumor and double IVC. CT urography was performed, whilst a three-dimensional visualization model was also established based on CT data, to reveal a retroperitoneal tumor with double IVC. The present case involved a double IVC with interiliac vein, which was type 2b from the left IVC. The retroperitoneal tumor was identified to be a lymphoma measuring 116x83 mm by percutaneous puncture biopsy. Surgical treatment is generally not recommended for lymphoma. Therefore, this patient was transferred to the Hematology Department for treatment according to the lymphoma management guidelines. The size of the tumor was reduced after chemotherapy during the patient's follow-up. In conclusion, the three-dimensional visualization model can directly and accurately present the anatomical features of the double IVC and its surrounding tissue structure. In addition, variations in the features of IVC can have important clinical significance. It is also important for surgeons, interventional radiologists and clinicians to understand such abnormalities in anatomical features to avoid misdiagnosis and reduce the occurrence of serious intraoperative complications.

Incidental discovery of duplicated inferior vena cava in a septuagenarian: the radiologist's viewpoint

Duplication of the inferior vena cava is a rare malformation, normally without clinical impact, explained by abnormal development and regression of certain segments of the venous system during embryonic life. However, its presence and type should be systematically reported in the radiological report because of its potential implications for diagnostic and interventional procedures. This observation describes the case of a 77-year-old man with a complete asymmetric duplication of the inferior vena cava (type III IVC according to Natsis) that was incidentally discovered on CT-scan.

Proposal for a new classification of variations in the iliac venous system based on internal iliac veins: a case series and a review of double and left inferior vena cava

There are many reports on variations in the inferior vena cava (IVC), particularly double IVC (DIVC) and left IVC (LIVC). However, no systematic report has recorded iliac vein (IV) flow patterns in the DIVC and LIVC. In this study, we examined IV flow patterns in both DIVC and LIVC observed during gross anatomy courses conducted for medical students and in previously reported cases. During the gross anatomy courses, three cases of DIVC and one case of LIVC were found in 618 cadavers. The IV flow pattern from these four cases and all other previously reported cases can be classified into one of the following three types according to the vein into which the internal iliac vein drained: the ipsilateral external IV; confluence of the ipsilateral external IV and IVC; and the communicating vein, which connects the IVC and the contralateral IVC or its iliac branch. This classification, which is based on the internal IV course, is considered to be useful because IV variations have the potential to cause clinical problems during related retroperitoneal surgery, venous interventional radiology, and diagnostic procedures for pelvic cancer.

Persistence of left supracardinal vein in an adult patient with heart-hand syndrome and cardiac pacemaker

A patient with a sporadic heart-hand syndrome, which includes thumb hypoplasia, septum primum atrial septal defect, and cleft mitral valve is described. During attempted placement of a pacemaker lead, persistence of left superior and inferior vena cava was found in addition to the right-sided caval veins. This corresponds to persistence of left-sided supracardinal vein present during fetal development.

Case report of a Wilms' tumor and a left-sided inferior vena cava. A common tumor with a normal variant of surgical significance

We report a case of a successful surgical resection of a Wilms' tumor in the right kidney with a coincidental preoperative imaging finding of a left-sided inferior vena cava. To our knowledge, these 2 conditions occurring together has not been previously reported in literature. Diagnostic features and the value of magnetic resonance imaging are emphasized. We also review the literature of major venous anomalies and their influence on surgical procedures carried out on such patients.