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da Silva ACA, Severo JS, Dos Santos BLB, Mendes PHM, Nobre LMS, de Oliveira AP, Ferreira FCS, Medeiros JVR, Lima-Junior RC, Havt A, Palheta-Junior RC, Dos Santos AA, Tolentino M. Moderate Physical Exercise Activates ATR 2 Receptors, Improving Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Duodenum of 2K1C Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:734038. [PMID: 34777003 PMCID: PMC8588860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.734038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In addition to the cardiovascular and renal systems, the gastrointestinal tract also contains angiotensin ATR1a, ATR1b, and ATR2. We previously observed that the 2Kidney-1Clip hypertension model elicits physical exercise and gastrointestinal dysmotility, which is prevented by renin-angiotensin system blockers. Here, we investigate the effect of physical exercise on inflammation, stress biomarkers, and angiotensin II receptors in the duodenum of 2K1C rats. Methods: Arterial hypertension was induced by the 2K1C surgical model. The rats were allocated in Sham, 2K1C, or 2K1C+Exercise groups. One week after surgery, they were submitted to a physical exercise protocol (running 5x/week, 60min/day). Next, we assessed their intestinal contractility, cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), oxidative stress levels (MPO, GSH, MDA, and SOD), and the gene expression of angiotensin receptors (ATR1A, ATR1B, and ATR2). Results: In comparison with the Sham group, the 2K1C arterial hypertension decreased (p<0.05) the intestinal contractility. In comparison with 2K1C, the 2K1C+Exercise group exhibited lower (p<0.05) MPO activity (22.04±5.90 vs. 78.95±18.09 UMPO/mg tissue) and higher (p<0.05) GSH concentrations in intestinal tissues (67.63±7.85 vs. 31.85±5.90mg NPSH/mg tissue). The 2K1C+Exercise group showed lower (p<0.05) cytokine levels in the intestine than 2K1C rats. In comparison with the Sham group, the 2K1C+Exercise rats showed higher (p<0.05) gene expression of ATR2 in the duodenum. Conclusion: 2K-1C hypertension elicits an oxidative stress and inflammation process in the duodenum. Physical exercise modulates the expression twice as much of ATR2 receptors, suggesting possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alda Cássia Alves da Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Brenda Lois Barros Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Moraes Mendes
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria Soares Nobre
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Roberto Cesar Lima-Junior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Armênio Aguiar Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Moisés Tolentino
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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