1
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Roe H, Macpherson M, Denagamage T, Hopper S, Woodie B, Embertson R. Recumbency decreases mare and foal survival following in-hospital dystocia management. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:37-43. [PMID: 37227213 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mare and foal survival are increased with prompt dystocia management. Data regarding mortality outcomes in mares and foals, when mares are recumbent at admission for dystocia resolution, are scarce. OBJECTIVES To evaluate recumbency at hospital admission as a risk factor for survival of mares and foals following dystocia management. Subsequent mare fertility was also evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. METHODS Data were obtained from medical records at Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital of mares with dystocia between 1995 and 2018. Mare signalment, ambulation status, survival data and foaling records were collected. The proportion of mare survival and mare fertility were analysed using chi-squared tests. Foal survival was analysed using Fisher's exact test. Odds ratios were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS There were 1038 ambulatory mares and 41 recumbent mares included in the analysis. Survival rates after dystocia resolution were 90.5% (977/1079) in mares and 37.3% (402/1079) in foals. Ambulatory mares had higher odds of survival (OR 6.93, 95% CI: 3.25-14.78, p < 0.001) than recumbent mares. Foals delivered from ambulatory mares had higher odds of survival (OR 22.7, 95% CI: 3.11-165.44, p = 0.002) compared with foals delivered from recumbent mares. Fertility was not statistically different for surviving Thoroughbred mares within 3 years following dystocia resolution between ambulatory and recumbent mares. MAIN LIMITATIONS Retrospective study design and small case number of recumbent mares. CONCLUSIONS Mare and foal survival was significantly decreased when mares with dystocia were recumbent at hospital admission. Subsequent fertility, as defined for this study, of surviving mares was not affected by ambulation status at the time of dystocia resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Roe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Floridas, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Margo Macpherson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Floridas, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Denagamage
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Floridas, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Scott Hopper
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Brett Woodie
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rolf Embertson
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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2
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Willette J, Gerras A, Sledge D, Koch D. A Case Report of Uterine Body Constriction Precluding Normal Parturition Leading to Dystocia in a Mare. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020139. [PMID: 36851443 PMCID: PMC9962644 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A 13-year-old multiparous Quarter Horse mare was presented to the Michigan State University's, Large Animal Emergency service for dystocia. Clinical evaluation revealed a minimally dilated cervix on vaginal examination, with a palpable deceased fetus. Postmortem evaluation following owner-elected humane euthanasia revealed a circumferential, tan, fibrous band at the base of the uterine body that constricted the uterus and was adhered to the left and right ovaries. A routine histologic section of the incarcerating cord attached to the ovary consisted predominately of dense fibrous connective tissue, large blood vessels, and a central oviduct suggestive of a rent in the broad ligament. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report to describe uterine body constriction that precluded vaginal delivery of a fetus in a late gestation mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Willette
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Allison Gerras
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dodd Sledge
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Drew Koch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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3
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Ellerbrock M, Wehrend A. [Definition, incidence and causes of dystocia in horses - a review of the literature]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2023; 51:22-34. [PMID: 36913938 DOI: 10.1055/a-2006-9248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
In horses, birth is classified as dystocia when the process of parturition threatens to inflict damage onto the mare or the foal, when assistance is required to complete the process of parturition, or when there are temporal deviations in the physiological duration of the first and/or second parturition stages. In this, the duration of the second stage is an important indicator in identifying dystocia, as this phase is easily discernible by the mare's behavior. Equine dystocia is classified as an emergency with life-threatening consequences for mare and foal. A large degree of variation has been found in the reported incidence of dystocia. Stud farm surveys reported dystocia in 2-13% of all births, regardless of breed. Fetal malpositioning of the limbs and neck during parturition is described as the most common cause of dystocia in horses. The species-specific length of limbs and neck is considered to be the reason for this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ellerbrock
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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4
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Felici M, Sgorbini M, Baragli P, Lanatà A, Marmorini P, Camillo F. Autonomic nervous system balance in parturient mares: Spontaneous vs induced delivery. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283116. [PMID: 36930584 PMCID: PMC10022798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery is not easily predictable in horses and the consequences of dystocia can be serious for both the mare and foal. An induction protocol with low doses of oxytocin has been reported as a safe procedure. This study investigates the effect of induced delivery on at-term mares' sympathetic-vagal balance. Fourteen mares were included and divided into two groups, one subjected to spontaneous delivery (SD), and one to induced delivery (ID). In both groups, an ECG was recorded using an elastic belt with integrated smart textile electrodes. The recording started before the delivery (Basal), continued close to delivery (Pre-delivery) and during delivery (Delivery), and ended after parturition (Placental expulsion). From the ECGs, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters relating to time and frequency domains and non-linear analysis were extrapolated. The HRV analysis was performed both within the same group (IntraGA) and between the two groups (InterGA). In the present study, spontaneous and induced delivery did not appear to differ in autonomic nervous system functioning. In IntraGA analysis, both for SD and ID mares, delivery and placental expulsion periods were parasympathetic dominated since vagal-related HRV parameters increased. Moreover, no differences were found in InterGA comparison between SD and ID mares, except for the pre-delivery period of ID mares, during which both branches of the autonomic nervous system were activated. These results are in line with the literature on parasympathetic dominance during parturition and no change in Heart Rate Variability following exogenous oxytocin administration in parturient mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Felici
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Baragli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanatà
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Camillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Sones JL, Paccamonti DL. Obturator nerve paralysis and post‐partum sequelae in horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Liford Sones
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Dale L. Paccamonti
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
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6
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Lanci A, Perina F, Donadoni A, Castagnetti C, Mariella J. Dystocia in the Standardbred Mare: A Retrospective Study from 2004 to 2020. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121486. [PMID: 35739823 PMCID: PMC9219446 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystocia as a prolonged stage II parturition (>30 min) was associated with a higher risk of complications. The hypothesis of the study was that any type of dystocia could affect the foal’s health, even when the stage II was <30 min. Clinical reports on 222 Standardbred mares and their foals hospitalized at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Bologna from 2004 to 2020 were reviewed. Mares were divided into the Eutocia Group (165, eutocic delivery) and the Dystocia Group (57, dystocic delivery). The incidence of dystocia was 4.9%. Stage II was longer in the Dystocia Group (median 20 min) than in the Eutocia Group (median 12 min). All occurrences of dystocia were retrospectively classified into three categories of severity: mild, moderate and severe dystocia. The occurrence of postpartum complications in mares and neonatal diseases and failure of passive transfer of immunity in foals was higher in the Dystocia Group. Foal venous lactatemia and serum creatine kinase were significantly higher in the Dystocia Group (median 3.9 mmol/L; 262 UI/L respectively) than in the Eutocia Group (median 3.1 mmol/L; 187 UI/L respectively). The APGAR score was lower in the Dystocia Group (median 8) than in the Eutocia Group (median 10) and significantly lower in severe dystocia (median 3). The duration of stage II should not be considered the only parameter of dystocia in mares: even a rapid resolution of dystocia could pose health risks to the foal and the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliai Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Perina
- Independent Researcher, Località Caiar 25, Caprino Veronese, 37013 Verona, Italy;
| | - André Donadoni
- Independent Researcher, Via Frittaia 30/A, Casaleone, 37052 Verona, Italy;
| | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (J.M.)
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sora 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.C.); (J.M.)
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7
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Managing Reproduction Emergencies in the Field: Part 2: Parturient and Periparturient Conditions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:367-405. [PMID: 34243878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selected conditions affecting broodmares are discussed, including arterial rupture, dystocia, foal support with ex utero intrapartum treatment, uterine prolapse, postpartum colic, the metritis/sepsis/systemic inflammatory response syndrome complex, and retained fetal membranes. Postpartum colic beyond third-stage labor contractions should prompt comprehensive evaluation for direct injuries to the reproductive tract or indirect injury of the intestinal tract. Mares with perforation or rupture of the uterus are typically recognized 1 to 3 days after foaling, with depression, fever, and leukopenia; laminitis and progression to founder can be fulminant. The same concerns are relevant in mares with retention of fetal membranes.
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8
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Causes of equine perinatal mortality. Vet J 2021; 273:105675. [PMID: 34148598 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The peripartum period is critical in equine medicine for maintaining healthy mares, and ensuring the delivery of healthy neonatal foals. The field of perinatal mortality in horses is continuously evolving, with several advances being recently made in causes of perinatal fetal and foal loss. This review details the main causes of perinatal loss in horses, through late pregnancy, parturition and the neonatal period. Recent advances in identification of infectious organisms and indicators of survival in neonatal foals will be discussed. Continued advances in reproductive and neonatal medicine will aid improved survival of foals through fewer pregnancy losses, and improved management of high-risk pregnancies and critically ill neonatal foals.
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9
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Sgorbini M, Freccero F, Castagnetti C, Mariella J, Lanci A, Marmorini P, Camillo F. Peripartum findings and blood gas analysis in newborn foals born after spontaneous or induced parturition. Theriogenology 2020; 158:18-23. [PMID: 32919369 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Induction of parturition in horses is still not well accepted due to the potential peripartum complications for mares and newborn foals. We assessed differences after spontaneous and induced parturition with low doses of oxytocin (OX) in 1) incidence of peripartum complications in mares; 2) viability, behavioral, physical, and venous blood gas analyses in foals. In this study 61 mares were included; 45/61 were enrolled in the spontaneous foaling group (SF) and 16/61 in the induced foaling group (IF). In the IF group, when the calcium in mammary secretion reached concentrations of ≥250 ppm, mares received a single injection of 2.5 IU of oxytocin IV once a day until foaling. Mares' breed, age, parity, gestational and stage II length, and peripartum complications were recorded. Foal maturity, vital (Apgar score), behavioral and physical parameters were assessed at birth, and the foal clinical condition was monitored for one week. A jugular venous blood sample was collected at birth for blood gas analysis, acid-base status, and lactate assessment. The median gestational length was within the reference interval in all the mares included and did not differ between the two groups. No statistical differences in the II stage length nor in incidence of peripartum complications were observed between the two groups. All the foals were born alive and showed no signs of prematurity/dysmaturity. No statistical differences were found in foal viability between the two groups. Time to stand and nurse from the mare, and body temperature were significantly higher in the IF compared to the SF group. Venous blood pH, SO2% and BE were lower, while pCO2 and lactate were higher in the IF than in the SF group. All the foals in both groups remained clinically healthy during the observation period. In conclusion, at term induction of parturition with a low dose of oxytocin does not have adverse effects on peripartum in mares. Our findings suggest that at term induced foals suffer slightly greater, but not clinically significant, hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis than spontaneously delivered foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Mario Modenato, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Freccero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy; Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aliai Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Marmorini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Mario Modenato, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Camillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Mario Modenato, Pisa, Italy
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10
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Gleeson MD, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Paul-Murphy JR. Clinical and pathological findings for rabbits with dystocia: 10 cases (1996-2016). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 254:953-959. [PMID: 30938620 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.8.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical and pathological findings of rabbits evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital because of dystocia. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 9 client-owned rabbits and 1 wild rabbit with signs of dystocia evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital from 1996 through 2016. PROCEDURES Medical records of rabbits were reviewed to collect data on signalment; medical history; physical examination, laboratory, diagnostic imaging, and procedural findings; treatment; final diagnosis; and outcome. Data were summarized. RESULTS Dystocia in 7 rabbits was successfully managed through medical treatment, assisted vaginal delivery, or both (n = 6) or surgery alone (1); 3 rabbits were euthanized. Primiparous does, does ≤ 4 years old, and does of small breeds (< 2 kg [4.4 lb]) were most common. All client-owned rabbits had clinical signs of abnormal second-stage parturition, whereas the wild rabbit had only hemorrhagic vulvar discharge. Imaging was used to identify the number, size, and state of fetuses in most rabbits. Overall, 35 fetuses were accounted for, 25 of which were dead or later died. The cause of dystocia was determined for 8 rabbits and included fetal-maternal mismatch (n = 4), uterine inertia (2), fetal death or mummification (1), and stress-induced abortion (1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Obstructive dystocia from fetal macrosomia with or without secondary uterine inertia was the most common cause of dystocia in the evaluated rabbits. Although medical management was successful for many rabbits with dystocia in this study, surgery could still be required in other affected rabbits, particularly when fetal-maternal mismatch is involved.
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11
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Controlled delay of the expulsive phase of foaling affects sympathoadrenal activity and acid base balance of foals in the immediate postnatal phase. Theriogenology 2019; 139:8-15. [PMID: 31352134 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress at foaling has been demonstrated to delay birth. In this study, we followed the hypothesis that even a short delay of foaling increases catecholamine and cortisol release in foals, induces acidosis and impairs neonatal adaptation. Foaling was prolonged for 5 min by transferring mares to an unfamiliar environment at rupture of the allantochorion (group delay, n = 6) while control mares (n = 5) were left undisturbed. In their foals, times from birth to first standing and first suckling, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary cortisol concentration were analysed. Blood for analysis of epinephrine, norepinephrine, hematology and blood gases was collected directly and 30 min after birth. Statistical comparisons were made by repeated measures ANOVA. Times to first standing and suckling did not differ between groups. Fetal heart rate remained unchanged during birth and increased within 15 min postnatum (p < 0.001) while HRV decreased during the first hour of life in foals of both groups (p < 0.05). Immediately after birth, actual base excess was lower in foals with delayed birth than in control foals (p < 0.05). Epinephrine concentration immediately after birth was higher in group delay foals and increased from 0 to 30 min after birth in control foals (time p < 0.001, time x group p = 0.001). Cortisol concentration peaked at 1 h after birth in both groups (p < 0.001). Leukocyte and PMN count decreased from 0 to 30 min after birth (p < 0.001). In conclusion, a 5-min delay at foaling affected epinephrine release and acid base balance, but was without further effect on neonatal adaptation.
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12
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Masko M, Domino M, Skierbiszewska K, Zdrojkowski Ł, Jasinski T, Gajewski Z. Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Masko
- Department of Animal Breeding Faculty of Animal Science WULS – SGGW Warsaw Poland
| | - M. Domino
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - K. Skierbiszewska
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - Ł. Zdrojkowski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - T. Jasinski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - Z. Gajewski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
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13
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Hartmann C, Lidauer L, Aurich J, Aurich C, Nagel C. Detection of the time of foaling by accelerometer technique in horses (
Equus caballus
)—a pilot study. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1279-1286. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Hartmann
- Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Jörg Aurich
- Divison for Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Aurich
- Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer Vetmeduni Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christina Nagel
- Graf Lehndorff Institute for Equine Science Vetmeduni Vienna Neustadt (Dosse) Germany
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14
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Kimura Y, Aoki T, Chiba A, Nambo Y. Effects of dystocia on blood gas parameters, acid-base balance and serum lactate concentration in heavy draft newborn foals. J Equine Sci 2017; 28:27-30. [PMID: 28400704 PMCID: PMC5383628 DOI: 10.1294/jes.28.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystocia is often lethal for neonatal foals; however, its clinicopathological features remain largely unknown. We investigated the effect of dystocia on the
foal blood profile. Venous blood samples were collected from 35 foals (5 Percheron and 30 crossbreds between Percheron, Belgian, and Breton heavy draft horses)
at 0 hr, 1 hr, 12 hr and 1 day after birth. Dystocia was defined as prolonged labor >30 min with strong fetal traction with or without fetal displacement.
The dystocia group (n=13) showed lower mean values for pH (P<0.01), bicarbonate (P<0.01), total carbon dioxide (P<0.05), and base excess (P<0.01)
and higher mean values for anion gap (P<0.05) and lactate (P<0.01) immediately after birth than the normal group (n=22). Remarkably high pCO2
values (>90 mmHg) were observed in three foals in the dystocia group but in none of the foals in the normal birth group immediately after birth. These
results suggest that dystocia results in lactic acidosis and may be related to respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kimura
- Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takahiro Aoki
- Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Chiba
- Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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15
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Hematological and Blood Biochemical Characteristics of Newborn Heavy Draft Foals After Dystocia. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Rosales C, Krekeler N, Tennent-Brown B, Stevenson MA, Hanlon D. Periparturient characteristics of mares and their foals on a New Zealand Thoroughbred stud farm. N Z Vet J 2016; 65:24-29. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2016.1244021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Rosales
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Krekeler
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Tennent-Brown
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - MA Stevenson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Hanlon
- Matamata Veterinary Services, Matamata, New Zealand
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Prognostic Indicators for Survival and Athletic Outcome in Critically Ill Neonatal Foals. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2016; 31:615-28. [PMID: 26612751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine neonatal intensive care units have expanded knowledge and understanding of the normal and abnormal physiology of the equine neonate, resulting in successful treatment of critically ill equine neonates. The overall survival rate has increased tremendously since the early 1980s, from a little more than 50% to 80% or more for most facilities. The severely septic foal and the very premature foal still remain large treatment challenges, but less severely septic foals and foals challenged by adverse peripartum events such as dystocia and placentitis are surviving to hospital discharge and performing to the owners' expectation in larger numbers.
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Ali A, Derar D, Tharwat M, Zeitoun MM, Alsobyil FA. Dystocia in dromedary camels: Prevalence, forms, risks and hematobiochemical changes. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 170:149-56. [PMID: 27211280 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of dystocia in camel herds, its forms in primi- and multipara, the risks to fetus and dam, and the associated hematobiochemical changes. A total of 1890 calvings were surveyed for the prevalence of dystocia. Cases with dystocia (n=107) were examined for causes and treated with traction, fetotomy or Cesarean section. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors. The dependent variables were the fetal and maternal mortality, while the independent variables were parity, duration of dystocia, causes of dystocia, and method of treatment. Blood samples were collected from all dystocia camels and six controls for hematology and concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), estradiol-17β (E2), progesterone (P4), total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The overall prevalence of dystocia was 8.6%. Risk of dystocia was higher in camels managed in an intensive system than in those in a free system (Odds ratio=1.9, P=0.0003) and higher in primipara than in multipara (Odds ratio 1.7, P=0.005). Abnormal posture was the most important cause of dystocia (51.4%). Uterine torsion was the second most important cause (23.4%) and was mainly observed in multipara (P=0.0006). Dystocia was linked to high fetal mortality (87.9%). A significant relationship was found between fetal death and duration of dystocia (Odds ratio=8.04, P=0.005). The percentage of dam mortality was 17.8%. Significant associations were detected between dam mortality rate and the duration of dystocia (Odds ratio=4.74, P=0.03) and fetal viability (Odds ratio=5.82, P=0.02). Increasing duration of dystocia was associated with significant increases in SAA, Hp, BUN and AST, but with decreases in E2 (P<0.05). After a transient period of elevation, the white blood cell and neutrophil counts decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, abnormal posture and uterine torsion were found to be the common causes of dystocia in dromedary camels, and fetal and maternal deaths were mainly associated with the duration of dystocia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452 Qassim, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Derar Derar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452 Qassim, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Tharwat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452 Qassim, Saudi Arabia; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa M Zeitoun
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452 Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahd A Alsobyil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452 Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Raś A, Rapacz-Leonard A, Raś-Noryńska M, Barański W. Fertility after fetotomy: a clinical study focusing on heavy draft mares. Vet Rec 2014; 174:407. [PMID: 24570408 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although fetotomy is recommended for all mares when the fetus is dead and difficult to extract, little has been written about fetotomy and heavy draft mares. This lack includes indications for fetotomy in heavy draft mares, differences in treatment and prognosis of heavy mares kept by farmers of low socioeconomic status, and how this procedure affects the mare's further fertility. The literature on mares, in general, also differs on the survival rate of mares that undergo fetotomy, the prevalence of postpartum complications, and further fertility. To answer these questions, we reviewed the medical records of 102 mares that underwent fetotomy, mostly heavy draft mares (n=93). Head malposture (62.7 per cent) was the most common fetal maldisposition, which required fetotomy in all cases. The survival rate was 84.3 per cent (n=86). The most common postpartum complications were endometritis puerperalis (32.5 per cent) and retained placenta (27.9 per cent). 61 mares (70.9 per cent) both showed foal heat and cycled regularly in the first season after fetotomy. Out of 45 mares that were bred in the first season, 14 became pregnant (31.1 per cent). Survival rate and further fertility were reduced by delayed requests for veterinary assistance due to the difficult economic situation of the owners. Fetotomy is the method of choice for serious maldispositions, especially head malpostures, because in contrast with cesarean sections, it has a higher survival rate and allows the mare to return to breeding in the same season.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raś
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
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Anesthesia for Dystocia and Anesthesia of the Equine Neonate. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2013; 29:215-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Pirrone A, Mariella J, Gentilini F, Castagnetti C. Amniotic fluid and blood lactate concentrations in mares and foals in the early postpartum period. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1182-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Abernathy-Young KK, LeBlanc MM, Embertson RM, Pierce SW, Stromberg AJ. Survival rates of mares and foals and postoperative complications and fertility of mares after cesarean section: 95 cases (1986–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 241:927-34. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.241.7.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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McCUE PM, FERRIS RA. Parturition, dystocia and foal survival: A retrospective study of 1047 births. Equine Vet J 2012:22-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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WHITTAKER S, SULLIVAN S, AUEN S, PARKIN TDH, MARR CM. The impact of birthweight on mare health and reproductive efficiency, and foal health and subsequent racing performance. Equine Vet J 2012:26-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Maaskant A, de Bruijn CM, Schutrups AH, Stout TAE. Dystocia in Friesian mares: Prevalence, causes and outcome following caesarean section. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Short-term outcome of equine emergency admissions at a university referral hospital. Equine Vet J 2010; 41:459-64. [DOI: 10.2746/042516409x385823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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