Diallyl trisulfide induces pro-apoptotic autophagy via the AMPK/SIRT1 signalling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line

Allicin induced vasorelaxation via endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms

Allicin is an active component of garlic that exerts protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. Vascular contraction and relaxation are the essential capacities of the vascular system to maintain its normal function. Endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main types of cells that control vascular function. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of allicin on vascular function and exploring its potential regulatory mechanisms. Mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify potential downstream targets of allicin in the artery. A primary culture of mouse VSMCs and ECs was established via enzymatic digestion of the aorta. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down the expression of the target gene, and a vector was used to upregulate specific protein expressions. Protein levels were determined using western blotting. Our results showed that allicin treatment increased both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxation in aortic rings. Based on mass spectrometry analysis, we proposed that ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) might be the downstream targets of allicin. In ECs, Allicin increased ABCG1 expression and nitric oxide (NO) production, ABCG1 siRNA decreased allicin-induced NO production. RyR2 expression and Ca2+ spark were inhibited by allicin in VSMCs; RyR2 overexpression partly reversed the allicin-induced Ca2+ spark decrease in VSMCs. PPAR γ siRNA significantly inhibited the effects of allicin in ECs and VSMCs. These results indicated that allicin treatment exerted vasorelaxation effects by increasing ABCG1 expression and NO production in ECs and reducing RyR2 expression and Ca2+ spark in VSMCs. The PPAR γ signaling pathway was confirmed to mediate these processes.

The potential of diallyl trisulfide for cancer prevention and treatment, with mechanism insights

Cancer has become an important public health problem worldwide, and there is currently a lack of effective treatment and prevention strategies. Natural plant active ingredients have been proven to be a safe and highly promising method for preventing and treating cancer. It has been found that diallyl trisulfide have anticancer effects in multiple types of cancer via inhibiting cancer proliferation, enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity, inducing apoptosis/autophagy, suppressing invasion/migration, regulating microenvironment. With the deepening of research on new strategies for cancer prevention and treatment, the role of diallyl trisulfides in cancers occurrence, prognosis, and drug resistance is also receiving increasing attention. In order to better understand the relationship between diallyl trisulfides and various cancer, as well as the role and mechanism of diallyl trisulfides in cancer prevention and treatment, we briefly summarized the role and function of diallyl trisulfide in cancers.