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Saleh E, Ukwas A. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Salivary Glands: A Ten-Year Review and an Assessment of the Current Management, Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Chemotherapy. Int J Otolaryngol 2023; 2023:7401458. [PMID: 37159817 PMCID: PMC10163974 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7401458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer that arises from the salivary glands and other sites in the body, such as the lung and breast. Although the tumor accounts for 10% of all salivary gland malignancies, it only accounts for 1% of head and neck malignancies. It can affect both major and minor salivary glands; here, it is called salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma or SACC, with a slight predilection to the latter, and commonly manifests between the 6th and 7th decades of life. The disease also shows a slight female predilection, with a reported female to male ratio of 3 : 2. Lesions of SACC are often insidious and slow-growing, and symptoms such as pain and altered sensation are frequently associated with advanced stages of the disease. Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by perineural invasion (PNI), a distinctive feature that potentially plays a significant role in the tumor's relapse and recurrence, which is approximately 50%. The disease is not prevalent, and its etiopathogenesis is poorly understood, although several genetic patterns and biomarkers have been linked to its initiation and/or progression. The discovery of these mutations and biomarkers has encouraged several clinical studies to use therapeutic agents to target the specific receptors on the cancer cells to potentially prevent further proliferation of the tumor cells and metastasis of the disease. Diagnosis of SACC is often challenging and frequently requires a combination of clinical examination, imaging, and histopathology. Management of SACC is primarily surgical excision, while radiotherapy has shown to be effective in improving local control in cases with microscopic residual disease. However, treatment of recurrent or metastatic tumors by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy has so far shown limited success. The aim of this thesis is to provide an update of literature on SACC with a particular focus on the latest management approaches and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad Saleh
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Zhang J, Yan X, Liu R, Wu S, Liu Q, Li J, Ma J. Bevacizumab is an Efficient Therapeutic Approach with Low Side Effects in Patient-Derived Xenografts of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1023-1032. [PMID: 35283648 PMCID: PMC8912937 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s352623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lacrimal gland (LGACC) is an aggressive malignant lacrimal gland tumor with a generally poor prognosis. Survival rates for LGACC are 56% at 5 years and 49% at 10 years. Recent studies have indicated that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy can inhibit angiogenesis in ACC cells. This study was designed to explore the efficacy of the antiangiogenic drug bevacizumab in a LGACC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) animal model. Methods The histological structure of PDX was determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining to confirm successful xenografting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of neovascularization-related genes in LGACC patients and in the PDX model, including VEGF, VEGFR1, and FGFR. In order to compare the efficacy of antiangiogenic drug and traditional chemotherapy drug, PDX models were treated with bevacizumab and cisplatin respectively, and body weight was evaluated. Subsequently, the neovascularization-related proteins VEGF, VEGFR2, and CD34, tumor suppressor P53 and proliferation-related protein Ki67 were analyzed by IHC. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to examine the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes BAD and Caspase 9, and of HIF1α. Results VEGF, VEGFR1, and FGFR were highly expressed in patients with LGACC and PDX models. Both bevacizumab and cisplatin treatment inhibited PDX tumor growth. The body weight of PDX models treated with cisplatin significantly decreased from day 15, while those treated with bevacizumab did not markedly change. Bevacizumab reduced the expression of VEGF, CD34, and Ki67 in PDX tumors; whereas, bevacizumab upregulated P53 and downregulated HIF1α levels. Conclusion The present study indicates that antiangiogenic drugs may be a promising treatment strategy for LGACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Yan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianmin Ma, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, No. 1 Dongjiaominxiang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8610-5826-9968, Fax +8610-5826-9930, Email
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Chu C, Shang W, Sun Y, Zhang X. Anlotinib is effective in patients with advanced oral cancer? Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109578. [PMID: 32001416 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer patients with recurrence or distant metastasis often present poor prognosis. Majority of advanced oral cancer patients suffer from treat-related adverse events and drug resistance. For those patients, the survival time and quality of life are urgent to be improved. Anlotinib, as a multi-targets tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been demonstrated to be effective in many refractory tumors by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and partial functions of tumor cells. In this paper, we performed CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay and transwell assay to explore the effect of anlotinib on human tongue squamous carcinoma Tca8113 cell line. Preliminary data indicated that anlotinib significantly inhibited Tca8113 cells proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Together, we proposed a hypothesis that anlotinib might be effective in prolonging survival time of patients with advanced oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Shang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
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