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Malviya G, Lannagan TR, Johnson E, Mackintosh A, Bielik R, Peters A, Soloviev D, Brown G, Jackstadt R, Nixon C, Gilroy K, Campbell A, Sansom OJ, Lewis DY. Noninvasive Stratification of Colon Cancer by Multiplex PET Imaging. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1518-1529. [PMID: 38493804 PMCID: PMC11016897 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current approach for molecular subtyping of colon cancer relies on gene expression profiling, which is invasive and has limited ability to reveal dynamics and spatial heterogeneity. Molecular imaging techniques, such as PET, present a noninvasive alternative for visualizing biological information from tumors. However, the factors influencing PET imaging phenotype, the suitable PET radiotracers for differentiating tumor subtypes, and the relationship between PET phenotypes and tumor genotype or gene expression-based subtyping remain unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we conducted 126 PET scans using four different metabolic PET tracers, [18F]fluorodeoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine ([18F]FET), 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT), and [11C]acetate ([11C]ACE), using a spectrum of five preclinical colon cancer models with varying genetics (BMT, AKPN, AK, AKPT, KPN), at three sites (subcutaneous, orthograft, autochthonous) and at two tumor stages (primary vs. metastatic). RESULTS The results demonstrate that imaging signatures are influenced by genotype, tumor environment, and stage. PET imaging signatures exhibited significant heterogeneity, with each cancer model displaying distinct radiotracer profiles. Oncogenic Kras and Apc loss showed the most distinctive imaging features, with [18F]FLT and [18F]FET being particularly effective, respectively. The tissue environment notably impacted [18F]FDG uptake, and in a metastatic model, [18F]FET demonstrated higher uptake. CONCLUSIONS By examining factors contributing to PET-imaging phenotype, this study establishes the feasibility of noninvasive molecular stratification using multiplex radiotracer PET. It lays the foundation for further exploration of PET-based subtyping in human cancer, thereby facilitating noninvasive molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Malviya
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow; Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma Johnson
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Agata Mackintosh
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Bielik
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Peters
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Brown
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Gilroy
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow; Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Y. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow; Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Zhao H, Su Y, Wang Y, Lyu Z, Xu P, Gu W, Tian L, Fu P. Using tumor habitat-derived radiomic analysis during pretreatment 18F-FDG PET for predicting KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer. Cancer Imaging 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38342905 PMCID: PMC10860234 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) / neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) /v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutations and the tumor habitat-derived radiomic features obtained during pretreatment 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 62 patients with CRC who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography from January 2017 to July 2022 before the initiation of therapy. The patients were randomly split into training and validation cohorts with a ratio of 6:4. The whole tumor region radiomic features, habitat-derived radiomic features, and metabolic parameters were extracted from 18F-FDG PET images. After reducing the feature dimension and selecting meaningful features, we constructed a hierarchical model of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations by using the support vector machine. The convergence of the model was evaluated by using learning curve, and its performance was assessed based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. The SHapley Additive exPlanation was used to interpret the contributions of various features to predictions of the model. RESULTS The model constructed by using habitat-derived radiomic features had adequate predictive power with respect to KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations, with an AUC of 0.759 (95% CI: 0.585-0.909) on the training cohort and that of 0.701 (95% CI: 0.468-0.916) on the validation cohort. The model exhibited good convergence, suitable calibration, and clinical application value. The results of the SHapley Additive explanation showed that the peritumoral habitat and a high_metabolism habitat had the greatest impact on predictions of the model. No meaningful whole tumor region radiomic features or metabolic parameters were retained during feature selection. CONCLUSION The habitat-derived radiomic features were found to be helpful in stratifying the status of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF in CRC patients. The approach proposed here has significant implications for adjuvant treatment decisions in patients with CRC, and needs to be further validated on a larger prospective cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yexin Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhehao Lyu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Li X, Ye J, Wang J, Quan Z, Li G, Ma W, Zhang M, Yang W, Wang J, Ma T, Kang F, Wang J. First-in-Humans PET Imaging of KRASG12C Mutation Status in Non-Small Cell Lung and Colorectal Cancer Patients Using [ 18F]PFPMD. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1880-1888. [PMID: 37827842 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations are an important marker for tumor-targeted therapy. In this study, we sought to develop a KRASG12C oncoprotein-targeted PET tracer and to evaluate its translational potential for noninvasive imaging of the KRASG12C mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: [18F]PFPMD was synthesized on the basis of AMG510 (sotorasib) by attaching a polyethylene glycol chain to the quinazolinone structure. The binding selectivity and imaging potential of [18F]PFPMD were verified by cellular uptake, internalization, and blocking (H358: KRASG12C mutation; A549: non-KRASG12C mutation) studies, as well as by a small-animal PET/CT imaging study on tumor-bearing mice. Five healthy volunteers were enrolled to assess the safety, biodistribution, and dosimetry of [18F]PFPMD. Subsequently, 14 NSCLC or CRC patients with or without the KRASG12C mutation underwent [18F]PFPMD and [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging. The SUVmax of tumor uptake of [18F]PFPMD was measured and compared between patients with and without the KRASG12C mutation. Results: [18F]PFPMD was obtained with a high radiochemical yield, radiochemical purity, and stability. The protein-binding assay showed that [18F]PFPMD selectively binds to the KRASG12C protein. [18F]PFPMD uptake was significantly higher in H358 than in A549 and was decreased by pretreatment with AMG510 (H358 vs. A549: 3.22% ± 0.28% vs. 2.50% ± 0.25%, P < 0.05; block: 2.06% ± 0.13%, P < 0.01). Similar results were observed in tumor-bearing mice on PET imaging (H358 vs. A549: 3.93% ± 0.24% vs. 2.47% ± 0.26% injected dose/g, P < 0.01; block: 2.89% ± 0.29% injected dose/g; P < 0.05). [18F]PFPMD was safe in humans and was excreted primarily by the gallbladder and intestines. The whole-body effective dose was comparable to that of [18F]FDG. The accumulation of [18F]PFPMD in KRASG12C mutation tumors was significantly higher than that in non-KRASG12C mutation tumors (SUVmax: 3.73 ± 0.58 vs. 2.39 ± 0.22, P < 0.01) in NSCLC and CRC patients. Conclusion: [18F]PFPMD is a safe and promising PET tracer for noninvasive screening of the KRASG12C mutation status in NSCLC and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiajun Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyong Quan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guiyu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingru Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Taoqi Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Farooq Z, Ismail H, Bhat SA, Layden BT, Khan MW. Aiding Cancer's "Sweet Tooth": Role of Hexokinases in Metabolic Reprogramming. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:946. [PMID: 37109475 PMCID: PMC10141071 DOI: 10.3390/life13040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexokinases (HKs) convert hexose sugars to hexose-6-phosphate, thus trapping them inside cells to meet the synthetic and energetic demands. HKs participate in various standard and altered physiological processes, including cancer, primarily through the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. Four canonical HKs have been identified with different expression patterns across tissues. HKs 1-3 play a role in glucose utilization, whereas HK 4 (glucokinase, GCK) also acts as a glucose sensor. Recently, a novel fifth HK, hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1), has been identified, which plays a role in whole-body glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. Beyond the metabolic functions, HKDC1 is differentially expressed in many forms of human cancer. This review focuses on the role of HKs, particularly HKDC1, in metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Farooq
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hagar Ismail
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sheraz Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Md. Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Overview of Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010012. [PMID: 36613455 PMCID: PMC9819818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress in cancer treatment up to now, we are still far from conquering the disease. The most substantial change after the malignant transformation of normal cells into cancer cells is the alteration in their metabolism. Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to support the elevated energy demand as well as the acquisition and maintenance of their malignancy, even in nutrient-poor environments. The metabolic alterations, even under aerobic conditions, such as the upregulation of the glucose uptake and glycolysis (the Warburg effect), increase the ROS (reactive oxygen species) and glutamine dependence, which are the prominent features of cancer metabolism. Among these metabolic alterations, high glutamine dependency has attracted serious attention in the cancer research community. In addition, the oncogenic signaling pathways of the well-known important genetic mutations play important regulatory roles, either directly or indirectly, in the central carbon metabolism. The identification of the convergent metabolic phenotypes is crucial to the targeting of cancer cells. In this review, we investigate the relationship between cancer metabolism and the signal transduction pathways, and we highlight the recent developments in anti-cancer therapy that target metabolism.
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Nishikawa G, Kawada K, Hanada K, Maekawa H, Itatani Y, Miyoshi H, Taketo MM, Obama K. Targeting Asparagine Synthetase in Tumorgenicity Using Patient-Derived Tumor-Initiating Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203273. [PMID: 36291140 PMCID: PMC9600002 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is regarded as one of the hallmarks of cancer; in particular, oncogenic RAS has been shown to be a critical regulator of cancer metabolism. Recently, asparagine metabolism has been heavily investigated as a novel target for cancer treatment. For example, Knott et al. showed that asparagine bioavailability governs metastasis in a breast cancer model. Gwinn et al. reported the therapeutic vulnerability of asparagine biosynthesis in KRAS-driven non-small cell lung cancer. We previously reported that KRAS-mutated CRC cells can adapt to glutamine depletion through upregulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), an enzyme that synthesizes asparagine from aspartate. In our previous study, we assessed the efficacy of asparagine depletion using human cancer cell lines. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical relevance of asparagine depletion using a novel patient-derived spheroid xenograft (PDSX) mouse model. First, we examined ASNS expression in 38 spheroid lines and found that 12 lines (12/37, 32.4%) displayed high ASNS expression, whereas 26 lines (25/37, 67.6%) showed no ASNS expression. Next, to determine the role of asparagine metabolism in tumor growth, we established ASNS-knockdown spheroid lines using lentiviral short hairpin RNA constructs targeting ASNS. An in vitro cell proliferation assay demonstrated a significant decrease in cell proliferation upon asparagine depletion in the ASNS-knockdown spheroid lines, and this was not observed in the control spheroids lines. In addition, we examined asparagine inhibition with the anti-leukemia drug L-asparaginase (L-Asp) and observed a considerable reduction in cell proliferation at a low concentration (0.1 U/mL) in the ASNS-knockdown spheroid lines, whereas it exhibited limited inhibition of control spheroid lines at the same concentration. Finally, we used the PDSX model to assess the effects of asparagine depletion on tumor growth in vivo. The nude mice injected with ASNS-knockdown or control spheroid lines were administered with L-Asp once a day for 28 days. Surprisingly, in mice injected with ASNS-knockdown spheroids, the administration of L-Asp dramatically inhibited tumor engraftment. On the other hands, in mice injected with control spheroids, the administration of L-Asp had no effect on tumor growth inhibition at all. These results suggest that ASNS inhibition could be critical in targeting asparagine metabolism in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Nishikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto 604-8845, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-366-7595
| | - Keita Hanada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto 607-8062, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (IACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (IACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Xu Y, Yu Z, Fu H, Guo Y, Hu P, Shi J. Dual Inhibitions on Glucose/Glutamine Metabolisms for Nontoxic Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21836-21847. [PMID: 35512029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and glutamine are two principal nutrients in mammalian cells that provide energy and biomass for cell growth and proliferation. Especially in cancer cells, glutamine could be a main alternative for energy and biomass supply once glucose metabolism is suppressed. Therefore, single inhibition of enzymes in either glucose metabolism or glutaminolysis, though maybe efficient in vitro, is far from being satisfactory for efficient in vivo cancer therapy. Here, we proposed a new strategy for dual inhibitions on both glucose and glutamine metabolisms concurrently by silencing mutated gene Kras and glutaminase 1 (GLS1) via nanomaterial-based siKras and siGLS1 delivery, rather than conventional highly toxic chemodrugs. Such a combination therapy could overcome the challenge that glucose and glutamine are alternatives to each other in the biosynthesis and energy production for cancer cells, resulting in much elevated treatment efficacy. In addition, layered double hydroxide (LDH), the siRNA carrier, enables an enhanced gene delivery efficiency compared to the commercial transfection agent Lipofectamine 2000. Briefly, Mg-Al LDH nanosheets, loaded with siKras and siGLS1 onto their surfaces by electrostatic adsorption, could release siRNA from lysosomes into the cytoplasm via the proton sponge effect of LDH, favoring the siRNA stability and gene silencing efficiency enhancements. The thus released siRNA could downregulate the expressions of Kras, GLS1, and other enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, resulting in the downregulations of ATP and other metabolites. Such a biosafe LDH/siRNA nanomedicine is able to efficiently suppress the growth of xenografts through cancer cell proliferation suppression, displaying its great potential as a simultaneous glucose/glutamine metabolism coinhibitor for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012), Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Hua-xia Road, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012), Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012), Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yuedong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012), Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012), Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012), Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200331, P. R. China
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Correlation between 18F-FDG PET/CT intra-tumor metabolic heterogeneity parameters and KRAS mutation in colorectal cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:1255-1264. [PMID: 35138462 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between intra-tumor metabolic heterogeneity parameters of 18F-FDG and KRAS mutation status in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and which threshold heterogeneity parameters could better reflect the heterogeneity characteristics of colorectal cancer. METHODS Medical data of 101 CRC patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and KRAS mutation analysis were selected. On PET scans, 18F-FDG traditional indices maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and heterogeneity parameters coefficient of variation with a threshold of 2.5 (CV2.5), CV40%, heterogeneity index-1 (HI-1), and HI-2 of the primary lesions were obtained. We inferred correlations between these 18F-FDG parameters and KRAS mutation status. RESULTS 41 patients (40.6%) had KRAS gene mutation. Assessment of FDG parameters showed that SUVmax (19.00 vs. 13.16, p < 0.001), MTV (11.64 vs. 8.83, p = 0.001), and TLG (102.85 vs. 69.76, p < 0.001), CV2.5 (0.55 vs. 0.46, p = 0.006), and HI-2 (14.03 vs. 7.59, p < 0.001) of KRAS mutation were higher compared to wild-type (WT) KRAS. CV40% (0.22 vs. 0.24, p = 0.001) was lower in the KRAS mutation group, while HI-1 had no significant difference between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that MTV (OR = 4.97, 1.04-23.83, p = 0.045) was the only significant predictor in KRAS mutation, using a cut-off of 7.62 (AUC = 0.695), and MTV showed a sensitivity of 90.2% and specificity of 45.0%. However, the PET parameters were not independent predictors in KRAS mutation. CONCLUSION KRAS gene mutant CRC patients had more 18F-FDG uptake (SUVmax, MTV, TLG) and heterogeneity (CV2.5, HI-2) than WT KRAS. MTV was the only independent predictor of KRAS gene mutation in colorectal cancer patients.
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Hon KW, Zainal Abidin SA, Othman I, Naidu R. The Crosstalk Between Signaling Pathways and Cancer Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768861. [PMID: 34887764 PMCID: PMC8650587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming represents an important cancer hallmark in CRC. Reprogramming core metabolic pathways in cancer cells, such as glycolysis, glutaminolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid metabolism, is essential to increase energy production and biosynthesis of precursors required to support tumor initiation and progression. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes regulate metabolic reprogramming through the downstream signaling pathways. Protein kinases, such as AKT and c-MYC, are the integral components that facilitate the crosstalk between signaling pathways and metabolic pathways in CRC. This review provides an insight into the crosstalk between signaling pathways and metabolic reprogramming in CRC. Targeting CRC metabolism could open a new avenue for developing CRC therapy by discovering metabolic inhibitors and repurposing protein kinase inhibitors/monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Ye J, Liu H, Fang J, Zhang M, Li Y, Huang J, Zhang D, Wang J, Zhang X. Development and Preclinical Evaluation of Radiolabeled Covalent G12C-Specific Inhibitors for Direct Imaging of the Oncogenic KRAS Mutant. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3509-3518. [PMID: 34410132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although KRAS has been an important target for many cancers, direct inhibition of oncogenic RAS remains challenging. Until recently, covalent KRAS G12C-specific inhibitors have been developed and progressed to the clinics. Nevertheless, not all patients benefit from these covalent inhibitors. At present, identification of candidates for this treatment requires tissue biopsies and gene sequencing, which are invasive, time-consuming, and could be of insufficient quality and limited predictive value owing to tumor heterogeneity. The use of noninvasive molecular imaging techniques such as PET and SPECT for spying KRAS G12C mutation in tumors provide a promising strategy for circumventing these hurdles. In the present study, based on the covalent G12C-specific inhibitor ARS-1620, we sought to develop radiolabeled small molecules for direct imaging of the KRAS mutation status in tumors. [131I]I-ARS-1620 and [18F]F-ARS-1620 were successfully prepared with high radiochemical yield, radiochemical purity, and molar activity. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the affinity, specificity, and capacity of [131I]I-ARS-1620 for direct imaging of the oncogenic KRAS G12C mutant. This initial attempt allows us to directly screen the KRAS G12C mutant for the first time in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiajun Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianyang Fang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingru Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yesen Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Jinxiong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Deliang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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11
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Kerk SA, Papagiannakopoulos T, Shah YM, Lyssiotis CA. Metabolic networks in mutant KRAS-driven tumours: tissue specificities and the microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:510-525. [PMID: 34244683 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in KRAS drive common metabolic programmes that facilitate tumour survival, growth and immune evasion in colorectal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the impacts of mutant KRAS signalling on malignant cell programmes and tumour properties are also dictated by tumour suppressor losses and physiological features specific to the cell and tissue of origin. Here we review convergent and disparate metabolic networks regulated by oncogenic mutant KRAS in colon, lung and pancreas tumours, with an emphasis on co-occurring mutations and the role of the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore how these networks can be exploited for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Kerk
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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12
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Reinsalu L, Puurand M, Chekulayev V, Miller S, Shevchuk I, Tepp K, Rebane-Klemm E, Timohhina N, Terasmaa A, Kaambre T. Energy Metabolic Plasticity of Colorectal Cancer Cells as a Determinant of Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698951. [PMID: 34381722 PMCID: PMC8351413 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic plasticity is the ability of the cell to adjust its metabolism to changes in environmental conditions. Increased metabolic plasticity is a defining characteristic of cancer cells, which gives them the advantage of survival and a higher proliferative capacity. Here we review some functional features of metabolic plasticity of colorectal cancer cells (CRC). Metabolic plasticity is characterized by changes in adenine nucleotide transport across the outer mitochondrial membrane. Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is the main protein involved in the transport of adenine nucleotides, and its regulation is impaired in CRC cells. Apparent affinity for ADP is a functional parameter that characterizes VDAC permeability and provides an integrated assessment of cell metabolic state. VDAC permeability can be adjusted via its interactions with other proteins, such as hexokinase and tubulin. Also, the redox conditions inside a cancer cell may alter VDAC function, resulting in enhanced metabolic plasticity. In addition, a cancer cell shows reprogrammed energy transfer circuits such as adenylate kinase (AK) and creatine kinase (CK) pathway. Knowledge of the mechanism of metabolic plasticity will improve our understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leenu Reinsalu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sten Miller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Egle Rebane-Klemm
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anton Terasmaa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
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13
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Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Predicts the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF Gene Mutational Status in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6687291. [PMID: 34239564 PMCID: PMC8233098 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations and metabolic parameters of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods A total of 85 patients with CRC were included in the study. PET/CT was performed in all the patients before surgery. The histopathological examination and analysis of the gene mutational status of the primary tumor were conducted. The associations among clinical features, PET metabolic parameters, and the gene mutational status were investigated. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor were generated along with analysis of the target tissue to nontarget tissue ratio (T/NT) for predicting the efficacy of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations in CRC. Finally, the corresponding area under the curve, the optimal cutoff value, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were obtained. Results The mutation rate of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF was 54.12% (46/85). In addition, both SUVmax and T/NT were significantly higher in the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF-mutation groups compared to the wild-type group (15.88 ± 6.71 vs. 12.59 ± 5.79, 8.04 ± 3.03 vs. 6.38 ± 2.80; P=0.012 and 0.004, respectively). Results from the ROC curve also showed that the cutoff values for T/NT and SUVmax were 5.14 and 12.40, respectively, while the predictive accuracy was 0.682 and 0.647, respectively. On the other hand, the sensitivity was 91.30% and 65.22% while the specificity was 43.59% and 64.10%, respectively. Moreover, univariate analysis showed that the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutation was not significantly associated with gender, age, lesion location, tumor length, pathological type, tissue differentiation, and UICC staging (all P > 0.05). Conclusion T/NT ratio and SUVmax could be the potential surrogate imaging indicators to predict the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutational status in CRC patients.
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14
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Kapuy O, Makk-Merczel K, Szarka A. Therapeutic Approach of KRAS Mutant Tumours by the Combination of Pharmacologic Ascorbate and Chloroquine. Biomolecules 2021; 11:652. [PMID: 33925206 PMCID: PMC8146763 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect has been considered a potential therapeutic target to fight against cancer progression. In KRAS mutant cells, PKM2 (pyruvate kinase isozyme M2) is hyper-activated, and it induces GLUT1 expression; therefore, KRAS has been closely involved in the initiation of Warburg metabolism. Although mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), a well-known inhibitor of autophagy-dependent survival in physiological conditions, is also activated in KRAS mutants, many recent studies have revealed that autophagy becomes hyper-active in KRAS mutant cancer cells. In the present study, a mathematical model was built containing the main elements of the regulatory network in KRAS mutant cancer cells to explore the further possible therapeutic strategies. Our dynamical analysis suggests that the downregulation of KRAS, mTOR and autophagy are crucial in anti-cancer therapy. PKM2 has been assumed to be the key switch in the stress response mechanism. We predicted that the addition of both pharmacologic ascorbate and chloroquine is able to block both KRAS and mTOR pathways: in this case, no GLUT1 expression is observed, meanwhile autophagy, essential for KRAS mutant cancer cells, is blocked. Corresponding to our system biological analysis, this combined pharmacologic ascorbate and chloroquine treatment in KRAS mutant cancers might be a therapeutic approach in anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1428 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Kinga Makk-Merczel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szarka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1428 Budapest, Hungary;
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Chang CK, Chiu PF, Yang HY, Juang YP, Lai YH, Lin TS, Hsu LC, Yu LCH, Liang PH. Targeting Colorectal Cancer with Conjugates of a Glucose Transporter Inhibitor and 5-Fluorouracil. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4450-4461. [PMID: 33819035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in colorectal cancer cells is associated with 5-fluorouracil (1, 5-FU) resistance and poor clinical outcomes. We designed and synthesized a novel GLUT-targeting drug conjugate, triggered by glutathione in the tumor microenvironment, that releases 5-FU and GLUTs inhibitor (phlorizin (2) and phloretin (3)). Using an orthotopic colorectal cancer mice model, we showed that the conjugate exhibited better antitumor efficacy than 5-FU, with much lower exposure of 5-FU during treatment and without significant side effects. Our study establishes a GLUT-targeting theranostic incorporating a disulfide linker between the targeting module and cytotoxic payload as a potential antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pu Juang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsun Lai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Sheng Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ching Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
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16
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Merz V, Gaule M, Zecchetto C, Cavaliere A, Casalino S, Pesoni C, Contarelli S, Sabbadini F, Bertolini M, Mangiameli D, Milella M, Fedele V, Melisi D. Targeting KRAS: The Elephant in the Room of Epithelial Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638360. [PMID: 33777798 PMCID: PMC7991835 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the proto-oncogene KRAS are the most frequent gain-of-function alterations found in cancer. KRAS is mutated in about 30% of all human tumors, but it could reach more than 90% in certain cancer types such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Although historically considered to be undruggable, a particular KRAS mutation, the G12C variant, has recently emerged as an actionable alteration especially in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). KRASG12C and pan-KRAS inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials and have recently shown promising activity. Due to the difficulties in direct targeting of KRAS, other approaches are being explored. The inhibition of target upstream activators or downstream effectors of KRAS pathway has shown to be moderately effective given the evidence of emerging mechanisms of resistance. Various synthetic lethal partners of KRAS have recently being identified and the inhibition of some of those might prove to be successful in the future. The study of escape mechanisms to KRAS inhibition could support the utility of combination strategies in overcoming intrinsic and adaptive resistance and enhancing clinical benefit of KRASG12C inhibitors. Considering the role of the microenvironment in influencing tumor initiation and promotion, the immune tumor niche of KRAS mutant tumors has been deeply explored and characterized for its unique immunosuppressive skewing. However, a number of aspects remains to be fully understood, and modulating this tumor niche might revert the immunoresistance of KRAS mutant tumors. Synergistic associations of KRASG12C and immune checkpoint inhibitors are being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Merz
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Marina Gaule
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Section of Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Zecchetto
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Section of Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cavaliere
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Section of Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Casalino
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Section of Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Pesoni
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Section of Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Contarelli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Sabbadini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Monica Bertolini
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Mangiameli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vita Fedele
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Section of Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
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17
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Cao Y, Gu J, Yan L, Deng S, Mao F, Cai W, Li H, Liu X, Wang J, Wu K, Cai K. The value of haematological parameters and serum tumour markers for predicting KRAS mutations in 784 Chinese colorectal cancer patients: a retrospective analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1099. [PMID: 33183271 PMCID: PMC7659200 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the mutation status of KRAS is important for optimizing treatment in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of haematological parameters and serum tumour markers (STMs) for KRAS gene mutations. Methods The clinical data of patients with colorectal cancer from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected, and the associations between KRAS mutations and other indicators were analysed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to quantify the predictive value of these factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to identify predictors of KRAS mutations by calculating the odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results KRAS mutations were identified in 276 patients (35.2%). ROC analysis revealed that age, CA12–5, AFP, SCC, CA72–4, CA15–3, FERR, CYFRA21-1, MCHC, and tumor location could not predict KRAS mutations (P = 0.154, 0.177, 0.277, 0.350, 0.864, 0.941, 0.066, 0.279, 0.293, and 0.053 respectively), although CEA, CA19–9, NSE and haematological parameter values showed significant predictive value (P = 0.001, < 0.001, 0.043 and P = 0.003, < 0.001, 0.001, 0.031, 0.030, 0.016, 0.015, 0.019, and 0.006, respectively) but without large areas under the curve. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CA19–9 was significantly associated with KRAS mutations and was the only independent predictor of KRAS positivity (P = 0.016). Conclusions Haematological parameters and STMs were related to KRAS mutation status, and CA19–9 was an independent predictive factor for KRAS gene mutations. The combination of these clinical factors can improve the ability to identify KRAS mutations in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Junnan Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Lizhao Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Shenghe Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Fuwei Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Wentai Cai
- College of life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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18
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Cai-Xia W, Rong-Fu W. Clinical application and research advancement of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:925-932. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i18.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. Early diagnosis and accurate staging and restaging of tumors are the preconditions for standardized treatment of colorectal cancer, which is conducive to the selection of treatment options and the evaluation of prognosis, as well as the improvement of patients' quality of life. With the popularization of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), its value in the diagnosis, staging and restaging, treatment decision-making, and efficacy and prognosis assessment of colorectal cancer is becoming increasingly important. This review briefly introduces the application and advancement of PET/CT in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, in the hope that clinicians can have a more comprehensive understanding of the significance of PET/CT in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Cai-Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wang Rong-Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
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19
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Park SY, Mosci C, Kumar M, Wardak M, Koglin N, Bullich S, Mueller A, Berndt M, Stephens AW, Chin FT, Gambhir SS, Mittra ES. Initial evaluation of (4S)-4-(3-[ 18F]fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate (FSPG) PET/CT imaging in patients with head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:100. [PMID: 32857284 PMCID: PMC7455665 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose (4S)-4-(3-[18F]Fluoropropyl)-l-glutamic acid ([18F]FSPG) measures system xC− transporter activity and shows promise for oncologic imaging. We present data on tumor uptake of this radiopharmaceutical in human subjects with head and neck cancer (HNC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods A total of 15 subjects with HNC (n = 5), CRC (n = 5), or NHL (n = 5) were recruited (mean age 66.2 years, range 44–87 years). 301.4 ± 28.1 MBq (8.1 ± 0.8 mCi) of [18F]FSPG was given intravenously to each subject, and 3 PET/CT scans were obtained 0–2 h post-injection. All subjects also had a positive [18F]FDG PET/CT scan within 1 month prior to the [18F]FSPG PET scan. Semi-quantitative and visual comparisons of the [18F]FSPG and [18F]FDG scans were performed. Results [18F]FSPG showed strong uptake in all but one HNC subject. The lack of surrounding brain uptake facilitated tumor delineation in the HNC patients. [18F]FSPG also showed tumor uptake in all CRC subjects, but variable uptake in the NHL subjects. While the absolute [18F]FDG SUV values were comparable or higher than [18F]FSPG, the tumor-to-background SUV ratios were greater with [18F]FSPG than [18F]FDG. Conclusions [18F]FSPG PET/CT showed promising results across 15 subjects with 3 different cancer types. Concordant visualization was mostly observed between [18F]FSPG and [18F]FDG PET/CT images, with some inter- and intra-individual uptake variability potentially reflecting differences in tumor biology. The tumor-to-background ratios were greater with [18F]FSPG than [18F]FDG in the cancer types evaluated. Future studies based on larger numbers of subjects and those with a wider array of primary and recurrent or metastatic tumors are planned to further evaluate the utility of this novel tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Y Park
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Camila Mosci
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meena Kumar
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mirwais Wardak
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Norman Koglin
- Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany.,Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andre Mueller
- Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany.,Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Berndt
- Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany.,Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew W Stephens
- Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany.,Life Molecular Imaging GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erik S Mittra
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Mail Code L340, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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20
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Perkons NR, Johnson O, Pilla G, Profka E, Mercadante M, Ackerman D, Gade TPF. Functional Genetic Screening Enables Theranostic Molecular Imaging in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4581-4589. [PMID: 32499234 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted therapies for cancer have accelerated the need for functional imaging strategies that inform therapeutic efficacy. This study assesses the potential of functional genetic screening to integrate therapeutic target identification with imaging probe selection through a proof-of-principle characterization of a therapy-probe pair using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CRISPR-negative selection screens from a public dataset were used to identify the relative dependence of 625 cancer cell lines on 18,333 genes. Follow-up screening was performed in hepatocellular carcinoma with a focused CRISPR library targeting imaging-related genes. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate was injected before and after lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (LDHi) administration in male Wistar rats with autochthonous hepatocellular carcinoma. MRSI evaluated intratumoral pyruvate metabolism, while T2-weighted segmentations quantified tumor growth. RESULTS Genetic screening data identified differential metabolic vulnerabilities in 17 unique cancer types that could be imaged with existing probes. Among these, hepatocellular carcinoma required lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for growth more than the 29 other cancer types in this database. LDH inhibition led to a decrease in lactate generation (P < 0.001) and precipitated dose-dependent growth inhibition (P < 0.01 overall, P < 0.05 for dose dependence). Intratumoral alanine production after inhibition predicted the degree of growth reduction (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that DNP-MRSI of LDH activity using hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate is a theranostic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma, enabling quantification of intratumoral LDHi pharmacodynamics and therapeutic efficacy prediction. This work lays the foundation for a novel theranostic platform wherein functional genetic screening informs imaging probe selection to quantify therapeutic efficacy on a cancer-by-cancer basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Perkons
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Omar Johnson
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabrielle Pilla
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Enri Profka
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Mercadante
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Ackerman
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Terence P F Gade
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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21
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Li C, Yu Z, Ye J. MicroRNA-513a-3p regulates colorectal cancer cell metabolism via targeting hexokinase 2. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:572-580. [PMID: 32537015 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of cell metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are involved in almost all physiological and pathological processes. The aberrant expression of miRNAs induces metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and thus, promotes proliferation. In the current study, miR-513a-3p was identified as a significantly downregulated miRNA in colorectal cancer cells and tumors. Overexpression of miR-513a-3p in colorectal cancer cells inhibited proliferation and glycolysis. A well-documented metabolic regulator, hexokinase 2 (HK2), was predicted and validated HK2to be a target gene of miR-513a-3p in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, overexpression of HK2 reversed the miR-513a-3p mimic-induced inhibition of proliferation. The association between HK2 and miR-513a-3p was further observed in tumors collected from patients with colorectal cancer. The findings suggest that miR-513a-5p may inhibit glycolysis in colorectal cancer cells via repressing HK2 expression, indicating that miR-513a-5p may be a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Digestive Endocrine, People's Hospital of Boluo County, Huizhou, Guangdong 516100, P.R. China
| | - Zhijin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Jinpeng Ye
- Department of Digestive Endocrine, People's Hospital of Boluo County, Huizhou, Guangdong 516100, P.R. China
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22
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Rebane-Klemm E, Truu L, Reinsalu L, Puurand M, Shevchuk I, Chekulayev V, Timohhina N, Tepp K, Bogovskaja J, Afanasjev V, Suurmaa K, Valvere V, Kaambre T. Mitochondrial Respiration in KRAS and BRAF Mutated Colorectal Tumors and Polyps. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040815. [PMID: 32231083 PMCID: PMC7226330 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the ATP-synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) and premalignant colon polyps in relation to molecular biomarkers KRAS and BRAF. This prospective study included 48 patients. Resected colorectal polyps and postoperative CRC tissue with adjacent normal tissue (control) were collected. Patients with polyps and CRC were divided into three molecular groups: KRAS mutated, BRAF mutated and KRAS/BRAF wild-type. Mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized tissue samples was observed using high resolution respirometry. ADP-activated respiration rate (Vmax) and an apparent affinity of mitochondria to ADP, which is related to mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeability, were determined. Clear differences were present between molecular groups. KRAS mutated CRC group had lower Vmax values compared to wild-type; however, the Vmax value was higher than in the control group, while MOM permeability did not change. This suggests that KRAS mutation status might be involved in acquiring oxidative phenotype. KRAS mutated polyps had higher Vmax values and elevated MOM permeability as compared to the control. BRAF mutated CRC and polyps had reduced respiration and altered MOM permeability, indicating a glycolytic phenotype. To conclude, prognostic biomarkers KRAS and BRAF are likely related to the metabolic phenotype in CRC and polyps. Assessment of the tumor mitochondrial ATP synthesis could be a potential component of patient risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Rebane-Klemm
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Truu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Leenu Reinsalu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Igor Shevchuk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Vladimir Chekulayev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Natalja Timohhina
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Jelena Bogovskaja
- Clinic of Diagnostics at the North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Vladimir Afanasjev
- Clinic of Surgery at the North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Külliki Suurmaa
- Department of Gastroenterology, the West Tallinn Central Hospital, Paldiski mnt 68, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Vahur Valvere
- Oncology and Haematology Clinic at the North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste tee 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (L.T.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (I.S.); (V.C.); (N.T.); (K.T.); (T.K.)
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23
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Li WC, Huang CH, Hsieh YT, Chen TY, Cheng LH, Chen CY, Liu CJ, Chen HM, Huang CL, Lo JF, Chang KW. Regulatory Role of Hexokinase 2 in Modulating Head and Neck Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:176. [PMID: 32195170 PMCID: PMC7063098 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To support great demand of cell growth, cancer cells preferentially obtain energy and biomacromolecules by glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Among all glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase (HK), a rate-limiting enzyme at the first step of glycolysis to catalyze cellular glucose into glucose-6-phosphate, is herein emphasized. Four HK isoforms, HK1-HK4, were discovered in nature. It was shown that HK2 expression is enriched in many tumor cells and correlated with poorer survival rates in most neoplastic cells. HK2-mediated regulations for cell malignancy and mechanistic cues in regulating head and neck tumorigenesis, however, are not fully elucidated. Cellular malignancy index, such as cell growth, cellular motility, and treatment sensitivity, and molecular alterations were determined in HK2-deficient head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. By using various cancer databases, HK2, but not HK1, positively correlates with HNSCC progression in a stage-dependent manner. A high HK2 expression was detected in head and neck cancerous tissues compared with their normal counterparts, both in mouse and human subjects. Loss of HK2 in HNSCC cells resulted in reduced cell (in vitro) and tumor (in vivo) growth, as well as decreased epithelial-mesenchymal transition–mediated cell movement; in contrast, HK2-deficient HNSCC cells exhibited greater sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil but are more resistant to photodynamic therapy, indicating that HK2 expression could selectively define treatment sensitivity in HNSCC cells. At the molecular level, it was found that HK2 alteration drove metabolic reprogramming toward OxPhos and modulated oncogenic Akt and mutant TP53-mediated signals in HNSCC cells. In summary, the present study showed that HK2 suppression could lessen HNSCC oncogenicity and modulate therapeutic sensitivity, thereby being an ideal therapeutic target for HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Li
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Huang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ta Hsieh
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ying Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hao Cheng
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ling Huang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics (HTI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jeng-Fang Lo
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Serpa J. Metabolic Remodeling as a Way of Adapting to Tumor Microenvironment (TME), a Job of Several Holders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:1-34. [PMID: 32130691 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment depends and generates dependence on all the cells and structures that share the same niche, the biotope. The contemporaneous view of the tumor microenvironment (TME) agrees with this idea. The cells that make up the tumor, whether malignant or not, behave similarly to classes of elements within a living community. These elements inhabit, modify and benefit from all the facilities the microenvironment has to offer and that will contribute to the survival and growth of the tumor and the progression of the disease.The metabolic adaptation to microenvironment is a crucial process conducting to an established tumor able to grow locally, invade and metastasized. The metastatic cancer cells are reasonable more plastic than non-metastatic cancer cells, because the previous ones must survive in the microenvironment where the primary tumor develops and in addition, they must prosper in the microenvironment in the metastasized organ.The metabolic remodeling requires not only the adjustment of metabolic pathways per se but also the readjustment of signaling pathways that will receive and obey to the extracellular instructions, commanding the metabolic adaptation. Many diverse players are pivotal in cancer metabolic fitness from the initial signaling stimuli, going through the activation or repression of genes, until the phenotype display. The new phenotype will permit the import and consumption of organic compounds, useful for energy and biomass production, and the export of metabolic products that are useless or must be secreted for a further recycling or controlled uptake. In the metabolic network, three subsets of players are pivotal: (1) the organic compounds; (2) the transmembrane transporters, and (3) the enzymes.This chapter will present the "Pharaonic" intent of diagraming the interplay between these three elements in an attempt of simplifying and, at the same time, of showing the complex sight of cancer metabolism, addressing the orchestrating role of microenvironment and highlighting the influence of non-cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal.
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25
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Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Marín-Hernández Á, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Belmont-Díaz JA, Robledo-Cadena DX, Vargas-Navarro JL, Corona de la Peña NA, Saavedra E, Moreno-Sánchez R. Transcriptional Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101225. [PMID: 31600993 PMCID: PMC6830338 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development, growth, and metastasis are highly regulated by several transcription regulators (TRs), namely transcription factors, oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and protein kinases. Although TR roles in these events have been well characterized, their functions in regulating other important cancer cell processes, such as metabolism, have not been systematically examined. In this review, we describe, analyze, and strive to reconstruct the regulatory networks of several TRs acting in the energy metabolism pathways, glycolysis (and its main branching reactions), and oxidative phosphorylation of nonmetastatic and metastatic cancer cells. Moreover, we propose which possible gene targets might allow these TRs to facilitate the modulation of each energy metabolism pathway, depending on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Norma Angélica Corona de la Peña
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Hospital General Regional Carlos McGregor-Sánchez, México CP 03100, Mexico.
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México 14080, Mexico.
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26
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Erber J, Steiner JD, Isensee J, Lobbes LA, Toschka A, Beleggia F, Schmitt A, Kaiser RWJ, Siedek F, Persigehl T, Hucho T, Reinhardt HC. Dual Inhibition of GLUT1 and the ATR/CHK1 Kinase Axis Displays Synergistic Cytotoxicity in KRAS-Mutant Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4855-4868. [PMID: 31405847 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The advent of molecularly targeted therapeutic agents has opened a new era in cancer therapy. However, many tumors rely on nondruggable cancer-driving lesions. In addition, long-lasting clinical benefits from single-agent therapies rarely occur, as most of the tumors acquire resistance over time. The identification of targeted combination regimens interfering with signaling through oncogenically rewired pathways provides a promising approach to enhance efficacy of single-agent-targeted treatments. Moreover, combination drug therapies might overcome the emergence of drug resistance. Here, we performed a focused flow cytometry-based drug synergy screen and identified a novel synergistic interaction between GLUT1-mediated glucose transport and the cell-cycle checkpoint kinases ATR and CHK1. Combined inhibition of CHK1/GLUT1 or ATR/GLUT1 robustly induced apoptosis, particularly in RAS-mutant cancer cells. Mechanistically, combined inhibition of ATR/CHK1 and GLUT1 arrested sensitive cells in S-phase and led to the accumulation of genotoxic damage, particularly in S-phase. In vivo, simultaneous inhibition of ATR and GLUT1 significantly reduced tumor volume gain in an autochthonous mouse model of KrasG12D -driven soft tissue sarcoma. Taken together, these findings pave the way for combined inhibition of GLUT1 and ATR/CHK1 as a therapeutic approach for KRAS-driven cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: Dual targeting of the DNA damage response and glucose transport synergistically induces apoptosis in KRAS-mutant cancer, suggesting this combination treatment for clinical validation in KRAS-stratified tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Erber
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Joachim D Steiner
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leonard A Lobbes
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - André Toschka
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Schmitt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer W J Kaiser
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Siedek
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans C Reinhardt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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27
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Chen SW, Shen WC, Chen WTL, Hsieh TC, Yen KY, Chang JG, Kao CH. Metabolic Imaging Phenotype Using Radiomics of [ 18F]FDG PET/CT Associated with Genetic Alterations of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:183-190. [PMID: 29948642 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the association between genetic mutations and radiomics of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/x-ray computed tomography (CT) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). PROCEDURES This study included 74 CRC patients who had undergone preoperative [18F]FDG PET/CT. A total of 65 PET/CT-related features including intensity, volume-based, histogram, and textural features were calculated. High-resolution melting methods were used for genetic mutation analysis. RESULTS Genetic mutants were found in 21 KRAS tumors (28 %), 31 TP53 tumors (42 %), and 17 APC tumors (23 %). Tumors with a mutated KRAS had an increased value at the 25th percentile of maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) within their metabolic tumor volume (MTV) (P < .0001; odds ratio [OR] 1.99; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.37-2.90) and their contrast from the gray-level cooccurrence matrix (P = .005; OR 1.52; 95 % CI 1.14-2.04). A mutated TP53 was associated with an increased value of short-run low gray-level emphasis derived from the gray-level run length matrix (P = .001; OR 243006.0; 95 % CI 59.2-996,872,313). APC mutants exhibited lower low gray-level zone emphasis derived from the gray-level zone length matrix (P = .006; OR < .0001; 95 % CI 0.000-0.22). CONCLUSION PET/CT-derived radiomics can provide supplemental information to determine KRAS, TP53, and APC genetic alterations in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Wen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Shen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yang Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chine Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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28
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CT texture analysis for the prediction of KRAS mutation status in colorectal cancer via a machine learning approach. Eur J Radiol 2019; 118:38-43. [PMID: 31439256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether a machine learning-based computed tomography (CT) texture analysis could predict the mutation status of V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) in colorectal cancer. METHOD This retrospective study comprised 40 patients with pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer who underwent KRAS mutation testing, contrast-enhancement CT, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) before treatment. Of the 40 patients, 20 had mutated KRAS genes, whereas 20 had wild-type KRAS genes. Fourteen CT texture parameters were extracted from portal venous phase CT images of primary tumors, and the maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) on 18F-FDG PET images were recorded. Univariate logistic regression was used to develop predictive models for each CT texture parameter and SUVmax, and a machine learning method (multivariate support vector machine) was used to develop a comprehensive set of CT texture parameters. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of each model was calculated using five-fold cross validation. In addition, the performance of the machine learning method with the CT texture parameters was compared with that of SUVmax. RESULTS In the univariate analyses, the AUC of each CT texture parameter ranged from 0.4 to 0.7, while the AUC of the SUVmax was 0.58. Comparatively, the multivariate support vector machine with comprehensive CT texture parameters yielded an AUC of 0.82, indicating a superior prediction performance when compared to the SUVmax. CONCLUSIONS A machine learning-based CT texture analysis was superior to the SUVmax for predicting the KRAS mutation status of a colorectal cancer.
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La Vecchia S, Sebastián C. Metabolic pathways regulating colorectal cancer initiation and progression. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:63-70. [PMID: 31129171 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Despite recent advances in the molecular genetics of CRC, poor treatment outcomes highlight the need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms accounting for tumor initiation and progression. Recently, deregulation of cellular metabolism has emerged as a key hallmark of cancer. Reprogramming of core cellular metabolic pathways by cancer cells provides energy, anaplerotic precursors and reducing equivalents required to support tumor growth. Here, we review key findings implicating cancer metabolism as a major contributor of tumor initiation, growth and metastatic dissemination in CRC. We summarize the metabolic pathways governing stem cell fate in the intestine, the metabolic adaptations of proliferating colon cancer cells and their crosstalk with oncogenic signaling, and how they fulfill the energetic demands imposed by the metastatic cascade. Lastly, we discuss how some of these metabolic pathways could represent new vulnerabilities of CRC cells with the potential to be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia La Vecchia
- Laboratory of Metabolic Dynamics in Cancer, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy
| | - Carlos Sebastián
- Laboratory of Metabolic Dynamics in Cancer, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
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30
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Yang H, Zhong JT, Zhou SH, Han HM. Roles of GLUT-1 and HK-II expression in the biological behavior of head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3066-3083. [PMID: 31105886 PMCID: PMC6508962 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect plays an important role in the proliferation and invasion of malignant tumors. Glucose transporter 1 and hexokinase II are two key energy transporters involved in mediating the Warburg effect. This review will analyze the mechanisms of these two markers in their effects on the biological behavior of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.,Present Address: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Jiangshan City, Jiangshan, Zhejiang, 324100, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - He-Ming Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
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31
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Lv Y, Wang X, Liang L, Wang L, Lu J. SUVmax and metabolic tumor volume: surrogate image biomarkers of KRAS mutation status in colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2115-2121. [PMID: 30962693 PMCID: PMC6433102 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s196725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to explore the association between KRAS mutation status and PET/CT metabolic parameters in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Materials and methods One hundred and sixty-four CRC patients were enrolled in this study and received PET/CT examination before operation, then KRAS mutation status was analyzed through pathologically confirmed CRC samples. The association between tumor clinical characteristics and PET/CT metabolic parameters, including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean, and metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and KRAS mutation status was analyzed using chi-squared tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression analysis. Results The KRAS mutation type patients exhibited high MTV and high SUVmax using a threshold of 17.8 cm3 and 8.7 respectively and the predictive accuracy was 0.772 and 0.603 respectively. High MTV (P=0.001; 95% CI: 1.119-1.296) and high SUVmax (P=0.048; 95% CI: 0.564-0.985) were independent predictors for KRAS mutation status. Conclusion MTV and SUVmax were associated with KRAS mutation type in CRC patients. PET/CT metabolic parameters can be used for supplementing KRAS mutation status prediction in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lerong Liang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
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32
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Guan R, Sun Y, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Targeting Strategies for Glucose Metabolic Pathways and T Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 19:534-550. [PMID: 30360743 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181015150138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases that result from the accumulation of different sets of genomic alterations, together with epigenomic alterations, and it is influenced by tumor-host interactions, leading to tumor cell growth and glycolytic imbalances. This review summarizes recent findings that involve multiple signaling molecules and downstream genes in the dysregulated glycolytic pathway. This paper further discusses the role of the dysregulated glycolytic pathway in the tumor initiation, progression and the concomitant systemic immunosuppression commonly observed in colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, the relationship between colorectal cancer cells and T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, is discussed, while different aspects of metabolic pathway regulation in cancer cell proliferation are comprehensively defined. Furthermore, this study elaborates on metabolism in colorectal cancer, specifically key metabolic modulators together with regulators, glycolytic enzymes, and glucose deprivation induced by tumor cells and how they inhibit T-cell glycolysis and immunogenic functions. Moreover, metabolic pathways that are integral to T cell function, differentiation, and activation are described. Selective metabolic inhibitors or immunemodulation agents targeting these pathways may be clinically useful to increase effector T cell responses for colorectal cancer treatment. However, there is a need to identify specific antigens using a cancer patient-personalized approach and combination strategies with other therapeutic agents to effectively target tumor metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
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33
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Gang W, Wang JJ, Guan R, Yan S, Shi F, Zhang JY, Li ZM, Gao J, Fu XL. Strategy to targeting the immune resistance and novel therapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1578-1603. [PMID: 29658188 PMCID: PMC5943429 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the CRC subtypes that can predict the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with immunogenicity seems to be a promising strategy to develop new drugs that target the antitumoral immune response. In particular, the disinhibition of the antitumoral T‐cell response by immune checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable therapeutic promise for patients with mismatch repair (MMR) deficient CRC. In this review, the authors provide the update of the molecular features and immunogenicity of CRC, discuss the role of possible predictive biomarkers, illustrate the modern immunotherapeutic approaches, and introduce the most relevant ongoing preclinical study and clinical trials such as the use of the combination therapy with immunotherapy. Furthermore, this work is further to understand the complex interactions between the immune surveillance and develop resistance in tumor cells. As expected, if the promise of these developments is fulfilled, it could develop the effective therapeutic strategies and novel combinations to overcome immune resistance and enhance effector responses, which guide clinicians toward a more “personalized” treatment for advanced CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Sun Yan
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212001, China
| | - Jia-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Meng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212001, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212001, China
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Serna-Blasco R, Sanz-Álvarez M, Aguilera Ó, García-Foncillas J. Targeting the RAS-dependent chemoresistance: The Warburg connection. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 54:80-90. [PMID: 29432815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RAS protein family members (KRAS4A, KRAS4B, HRAS and NRAS) function as GDP-GTP-regulated on-off switches, which regulate cytoplasmic-nuclear signaling networks ruling diverse normal cellular processes. Constitutive activating mutations in RAS genes are found in up to 30% of human cancers, and remarkably, the oncogenic Ras mutations and mutations in other components of Ras/MAPK signaling pathways seem to be mutually exclusive in most tumors, pointing out that deregulation of Ras-dependent signaling is an essential requirement for tumorigenesis. Up to 30% of solid tumors are known to have a mutated (abnormal) KRAS gene. Unfortunately, patients harboring mutated KRAS CRC are unlikely to benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. Moreover, it remains unclear that patients with KRAS wild-type CRC will definitely respond to such therapies. Although some clinically designed-strategies to modulate KRAS aberrant activation have been designed, all attempts to target KRAS have failed in the clinical assays and K-RAS has been assumed to be invulnerable to chemotherapeutic attack. Recently, different encouraging publications reported that ascorbate may have a selective antitumoral effect on KRAS mutant cancer cells. In this review we aim to describe the prevalence and importance of KRAS mutation in cancer and associated problems for the clinical handling of patients harboring these tumors. We highlight the role of mutated KRAS in boosting and keeping the tumor associated aberrant cell metabolism stating that further in-depth studies on the molecular mechanism of ascorbate to bypass mutated KRAS-related metabolic alterations may constitute a new pathway to design novel molecules in order handle tumor resistance to anti EGFR-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Serna-Blasco
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Aguilera
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Demory Beckler M, Poulin EJ, Walsh AJ, Skala MC, McKinley ET, Manning HC, Hight MR, Schulte ML, Watt KR, Ayers GD, Wolf MM, Andrejeva G, Rathmell JC, Franklin JL, Coffey RJ. Mutant KRAS Exosomes Alter the Metabolic State of Recipient Colonic Epithelial Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:627-629.e6. [PMID: 29930982 PMCID: PMC6009797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Key Words
- 18F-FSPG, (S)-4-(3-[18F]-fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid
- Apc, adenomatous polyposis coli
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- DLD-1, Daniel L. Dexter derived 1
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- GLUT-1, glucose transporter 1
- KO, knockout
- KRAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- NADH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dennis K. Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Michelle Demory Beckler
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emily J. Poulin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alex J. Walsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eliot T. McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - H. Charles Manning
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew R. Hight
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael L. Schulte
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly R. Watt
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - G. Daniel Ayers
- Biostatistics Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa M. Wolf
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gabriela Andrejeva
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey L. Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Corresponding author:
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Crespo-Jara A, Redal-Peña MC, Martinez-Navarro EM, Sureda M, Fernandez-Morejon FJ, Garcia-Cases FJ, Manzano RG, Brugarolas A. A novel genomic signature predicting FDG uptake in diverse metastatic tumors. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:4. [PMID: 29349517 PMCID: PMC5773462 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Building a universal genomic signature predicting the intensity of FDG uptake in diverse metastatic tumors may allow us to understand better the biological processes underlying this phenomenon and their requirements of glucose uptake. METHODS A balanced training set (n = 71) of metastatic tumors including some of the most frequent histologies, with matched PET/CT quantification measurements and whole human genome gene expression microarrays, was used to build the signature. Selection of microarray features was carried out exclusively on the basis of their strong association with FDG uptake (as measured by SUVmean35) by means of univariate linear regression. A thorough bioinformatics study of these genes was performed, and multivariable models were built by fitting several state of the art regression techniques to the training set for comparison. RESULTS The 909 probes with the strongest association with the SUVmean35 (comprising 742 identifiable genes and 62 probes not matched to a symbol) were used to build the signature. Partial least squares using three components (PLS-3) was the best performing model in the training dataset cross-validation (root mean square error, RMSE = 0.443) and was validated further in an independent validation dataset (n = 13) obtaining a performance within the 95% CI of that obtained in the training dataset (RMSE = 0.645). Significantly overrepresented biological processes correlating with the SUVmean35 were identified beyond glycolysis, such as ribosome biogenesis and DNA replication (correlating with a higher SUVmean35) and cytoskeleton reorganization and autophagy (correlating with a lower SUVmean35). CONCLUSIONS PLS-3 is a signature predicting accurately the intensity of FDG uptake in diverse metastatic tumors. FDG-PET might help in the design of specific targeted therapies directed to counteract the identified malignant biological processes more likely activated in a tumor as inferred from the SUVmean35 and also from its variations in response to antineoplastic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Crespo-Jara
- Plataforma de Oncologia, Hospital Quironsalud Torrevieja, Pda. La Loma s/n, 03184, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain.,Catedra Oncologia Multidisciplinar, Universidad Catolica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Redal-Peña
- Plataforma de Oncologia, Hospital Quironsalud Torrevieja, Pda. La Loma s/n, 03184, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain.,Catedra Oncologia Multidisciplinar, Universidad Catolica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Maria Martinez-Navarro
- Plataforma de Oncologia, Hospital Quironsalud Torrevieja, Pda. La Loma s/n, 03184, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain.,Catedra Oncologia Multidisciplinar, Universidad Catolica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Sureda
- Plataforma de Oncologia, Hospital Quironsalud Torrevieja, Pda. La Loma s/n, 03184, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain.,Catedra Oncologia Multidisciplinar, Universidad Catolica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Jose Fernandez-Morejon
- Plataforma de Oncologia, Hospital Quironsalud Torrevieja, Pda. La Loma s/n, 03184, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain.,Catedra Oncologia Multidisciplinar, Universidad Catolica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Garcia-Cases
- Plataforma de Oncologia, Hospital Quironsalud Torrevieja, Pda. La Loma s/n, 03184, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain.,Catedra Oncologia Multidisciplinar, Universidad Catolica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ramon Gonzalez Manzano
- Plataforma de Oncologia, Hospital Quironsalud Torrevieja, Pda. La Loma s/n, 03184, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain. .,Catedra Oncologia Multidisciplinar, Universidad Catolica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Brugarolas
- Plataforma de Oncologia, Hospital Quironsalud Torrevieja, Pda. La Loma s/n, 03184, Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain.,Catedra Oncologia Multidisciplinar, Universidad Catolica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Targeting KRAS Mutant CMS3 Subtype by Metabolic Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1110:23-34. [PMID: 30623364 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02771-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire their metabolism in order to boost growth, survival, proliferation, and chemoresistance. The common event of this aberrant metabolism is the increased glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate. This phenomenon is observed even in the presence of O2 and completely functioning mitochondria. This is known as the "Warburg Effect" and it is a hallmark in cancer. Up to 40% of all CRC's are known to have a mutated (abnormal) KRAS gene, found at differing frequencies in all consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). CMS3 colon cancer molecular subtype contains the so-called 'metabolic tumours' which represents 13% of total CR cases. These tumours display remarkable metabolic deregulation, often showing KRAS mutations (68%). Unfortunately, patients harbouring mutated KRAS are unlikely to benefit from anti-EGFR therapies. Moreover, it remains unclear that patients with KRAS wild-type CRC will definitely respond to such therapies. Although some clinically designed-strategies to modulate KRAS aberrant activation have been designed, all attempts to target KRAS have failed in the clinical assays and KRAS has been assumed to be invulnerable to chemotherapeutic attack. Quest for metabolic inhibitors with anti-tumour activity may constitute a novel and hopeful approach in order to handle KRAS dependent chemoresistance in colon cancer.
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38
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Obesity-promoting and anti-thermogenic effects of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15501. [PMID: 29138470 PMCID: PMC5686189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, lipocalin 2 or LCN2) is an iron carrier protein whose circulating level is increased by kidney injury, bacterial infection and obesity, but its metabolic consequence remains elusive. To study physiological role of LCN2 in energy homeostasis, we challenged female Lcn2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with high fat diet (HFD) or cold exposure. Under normal diet, physical constitutions of Lcn2 KO and WT mice were indistinguishable. During HFD treatment, Lcn2 KO mice exhibited larger brown adipose tissues (BAT), consumed more oxygen, ate more food and gained less body weights as compared to WT mice. When exposed to 4 °C, KO mice showed higher body temperature and more intense 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in BAT, which were cancelled by β3 adrenergic receptor blocker or iron-loaded (but not iron-free) LCN2 administration. These findings suggest that circulating LCN2 possesses obesity-promoting and anti-thermogenic effects through inhibition of BAT activity in an iron-dependent manner.
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39
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Shen CT, Qiu ZL, Sun ZK, Wei WJ, Song HJ, Zhang XY, Luo QY. Dual time-point 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging with multiple metabolic parameters in the differential diagnosis of malignancy-suspected bone/joint lesions. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71188-71196. [PMID: 29050355 PMCID: PMC5642630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of dual time-point18F-FDG PET/CT imaging with multiple metabolic parameters in malignancy-suspected bone/joint lesions. Fifty seven consecutive patients were recruited. PET parameters including SUVmax, SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesional glycolysis (TLG) and retention indexes (RIs) were obtained. Thirty five malignant and 22 benign lesions were confirmed by pathology. In all, 48 receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were derived. For SUVmax, MTV2.0, TLG2.0, MTV2.5 and TLG2.5, areas under the curves (AUCs) of early time-point imaging were similar to those of delayed time (P > 0.05), while higher than those of dual time (P< 0.05). For MTV50%max, TLG50%max, MTV75%max and TLG75%max, AUCs of early time-point imaging were lower than those of delayed time (P< 0.05), while similar to those of dual time (P> 0.05). In conclusion, dual time-point18F-FDG PET/CT imaging shows limited value in the differential diagnosis of malignancy-suspected bone/joint lesions. However, MTV and TLG at a fixed SUV threshold (50% or 75% of SUVmax) in delayed time-point imaging may provide better diagnostic accuracy
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tian Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ling Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Kui Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yun Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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Single-cell functional and chemosensitive profiling of combinatorial colorectal therapy in zebrafish xenografts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8234-E8243. [PMID: 28835536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618389114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is as unique as the person fighting it. With the exception of a few biomarker-driven therapies, patients go through rounds of trial-and-error approaches to find the best treatment. Using patient-derived cell lines, we show that zebrafish larvae xenotransplants constitute a fast and highly sensitive in vivo model for differential therapy response, with resolution to reveal intratumor functional cancer heterogeneity. We screened international colorectal cancer therapeutic guidelines and determined distinct functional tumor behaviors (proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis) and differential sensitivities to standard therapy. We observed a general higher sensitivity to FOLFIRI [5-fluorouracil(FU)+irinotecan+folinic acid] than to FOLFOX (5-FU+oxaliplatin+folinic acid), not only between isogenic tumors but also within the same tumor. We directly compared zebrafish xenografts with mouse xenografts and show that relative sensitivities obtained in zebrafish are maintained in the rodent model. Our data also illustrate how KRAS mutations can provide proliferation advantages in relation to KRASWT and how chemotherapy can unbalance this advantage, selecting for a minor clone resistant to chemotherapy. Zebrafish xenografts provide remarkable resolution to measure Cetuximab sensitivity. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of using primary patient samples to generate zebrafish patient-derived xenografts (zPDX) and provide proof-of-concept experiments that compare response to chemotherapy and biological therapies between patients and zPDX. Altogether, our results suggest that zebrafish larvae xenografts constitute a promising fast assay for precision medicine, bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype in an in vivo setting.
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Clinical Role of ASCT2 (SLC1A5) in KRAS-Mutated Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081632. [PMID: 28749408 PMCID: PMC5578022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in the KRAS gene induces prominent metabolic changes. We have recently reported that KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) cause alterations in amino acid metabolism. However, it remains to be investigated which amino acid transporter can be regulated by mutated KRAS in CRC. Here, we performed a screening of amino acid transporters using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and then identified that ASCT2 (SLC1A5) was up-regulated through KRAS signaling. Next, immunohistochemical analysis of 93 primary CRC specimens revealed that there was a significant correlation between KRAS mutational status and ASCT2 expression. In addition, the expression level of ASCT2 was significantly associated with tumor depth and vascular invasion in KRAS-mutant CRC. Notably, significant growth suppression and elevated apoptosis were observed in KRAS-mutant CRC cells upon SLC1A5-knockdown. ASCT2 is generally known to be a glutamine transporter. Interestingly, SLC1A5-knockdown exhibited a more suppressive effect on cell growth than glutamine depletion. Furthermore, SLC1A5-knockdown also resulted in the suppression of cell migration. These results indicated that ASCT2 (SLC1A5) could be a novel therapeutic target against KRAS-mutant CRC.
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Abstract
Mutations of KRAS are found in a variety of human malignancies, including in pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer at high frequency. To date, no effective treatments that target mutant variants of KRAS have been introduced into clinical practice. In recent years, a number of studies have shown that the oncogene KRAS plays a critical role in controlling cancer metabolism by orchestrating multiple metabolic changes. One of the metabolic hallmarks of malignant tumor cells is their dependency on aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect. The role of KRAS signaling in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis has been reported in several types of cancer. KRAS-driven cancers are characterized by altered metabolic pathways involving enhanced nutrients uptake, enhanced glycolysis, enhanced glutaminolysis, and elevated synthesis of fatty acids and nucleotides. However, Just how mutated KRAS can coordinate the metabolic shift to promote tumor growth and whether specific metabolic pathways are essential for the tumorigenesis of KRAS-driven cancers are questions which remain to be answered. In this context, the aim of this review is to summarize current data on KRAS-related metabolic alterations in cancer cells. Given that cancer cells rely on changes in metabolism to support their growth and survival, the targeting of metabolic processes may be a potential strategy for treating KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Toda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Cho A, Jo K, Hwang SH, Lee N, Jung M, Yun M, Hwang HS. Correlation between KRAS mutation and 18F-FDG uptake in stage IV colorectal cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017; 42:1621-1626. [PMID: 28161825 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between KRAS mutation, 18F-FDG uptake, and metastatic pattern in advanced stage colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS Medical records of stage IV CRC patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging and KRAS mutation analysis were selected. On PET scans, a volume of interest (VOI) was drawn on the primary lesion. 18F-FDG indices (SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, TLG) of the primary lesions were obtained and correlated with KRAS mutation of the primary lesion. Also, metastatic sites were recorded. Association between metastatic pattern and KRAS expression and FDG indices were analyzed. RESULTS KRAS mutation was positive in 40 (43%) patients. Evaluation of FDG indices showed that higher SUVmax (14.0 vs. 11.2, p = 0.004), higher SUVmean (5.3 vs. 4.7, p = 0.005), and higher TLG (301.4 vs. 205.5, p = 0.023) were predictive of KRAS mutation compared to wild-type (WT) KRAS. Lung metastasis was more frequently involved in patients with KRAS mutation (50.0% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.006), and liver metastasis was more frequently involved in patients with WT KRAS (81.1% vs. 55.0%, p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis showed that primary tumor location (OR 3.92, p = 0.07) and KRAS mutation (OR 2.45, p = 0.09) were significant factors in lung metastasis model. CONCLUSION KRAS mutation patients had more frequent lung metastasis and had higher 18F-FDG uptake compared to WT KRAS in stage IV CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanhyeong Jo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Narae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Jung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sung Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-Gu, Anyang, 14068, Republic of Korea.
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Kato A, Kataoka H, Yano S, Hayashi K, Hayashi N, Tanaka M, Naitoh I, Ban T, Miyabe K, Kondo H, Yoshida M, Fujita Y, Hori Y, Natsume M, Murakami T, Narumi A, Nomoto A, Naiki-Ito A, Takahashi S, Joh T. Maltotriose Conjugation to a Chlorin Derivative Enhances the Antitumor Effects of Photodynamic Therapy in Peritoneal Dissemination of Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1124-1132. [PMID: 28292934 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is a major clinical issue associated with dismal prognosis and poor quality of life for patients with pancreatic cancer; however, no effective treatment strategies have been established. Herein, we evaluated the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with maltotriose-conjugated chlorin (Mal3-chlorin) in culture and in a peritoneal disseminated mice model of pancreatic cancer. The Mal3-chlorin was prepared as a water-soluble chlorin derivative conjugated with four Mal3 molecules to improve cancer selectivity. In vitro, Mal3-chlorin showed superior uptake into pancreatic cancer cells compared with talaporfin, which is clinically used. Moreover, the strong cytotoxic effects of PDT with Mal3-chlorin occurred via apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation, whereas Mal3-chlorin alone did not cause any cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. Notably, using a peritoneal disseminated mice model, we demonstrated that Mal3-chlorin accumulated in xenograft tumors and suppressed both tumor growth and ascites formation with PDT. Furthermore, PDT with Mal3-chlorin induced robust apoptosis in peritoneal disseminated tumors, as indicated by immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these findings implicate Mal3-chlorin as a potential next-generation photosensitizer for PDT and the basis of a new strategy for managing peritoneal dissemination of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1124-32. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Shigenobu Yano
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Naitoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tesshin Ban
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miyabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuki Hori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Natsume
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Joh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Attri KS, Murthy D, Singh PK. Racial disparity in metabolic regulation of cancer. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:1221-1246. [PMID: 28199202 DOI: 10.2741/4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mutations and metabolic reprogramming are two key hallmarks of cancer, required for proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the disease. While genetic mutations, whether inherited or acquired, are critical for the initiation of tumor development, metabolic reprogramming is an effector mechanism imperative for adaptational transition during the progression of cancer. Recent findings in the literature emphasize the significance of molecular cross-talk between these two cellular processes in regulating signaling and differentiation of cancer cells. Genome-wide sequencing analyses of cancer genomes have highlighted the association of various genic mutations in predicting cancer risk and survival. Oncogenic mutational frequency is heterogeneously distributed among various cancer types in different populations, resulting in varying susceptibility to cancer risk. In this review, we explore and discuss the role of genetic mutations in metabolic enzymes and metabolic oncoregulators to stratify cancer risk in persons of different racial backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep S Attri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA,
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Dimitrova EG, Chaushev BG, Conev NV, Kashlov JK, Zlatarov AK, Petrov DP, Popov HB, Stefanova NT, Klisarova AD, Bratoeva KZ, Donev IS. Role of the pretreatment 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography maximal standardized uptake value in predicting outcomes of colon liver metastases and that value's association with Beclin-1 expression. Biosci Trends 2017; 11:221-228. [PMID: 28250335 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The current study sought to evaluate the predictive and prognostic performance of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) prior to treatment in 43 patients with colon cancer and unresectable liver metastases. Patients with colon cancer who underwent 18F-FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) scans for staging before the start of first-line 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Expression of Beclin-1 in cancer cells was evaluated in primary tumors using immunohistochemical staining. The pretreatment SUVmax for liver metastases was not able to predict progression-free survival but was significantly associated with poorer overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 2.05 (95 % CI, 1.016-4.155). Moreover, a negative correlation was noted between SUVmax and expression of a marker of autophagy - Beclin-1 (rho = -0.42, p = 0.006). This suggests that the pretreatment SUVmax in 18F-FDG PET/CT is a useful tool to help predict survival outcome in patients with colon cancer and unresectable liver metastases and may significantly distinguish between patients with low and high levels of Beclin-1 expression (AUC = 0.809, 95% CI: 0.670-0.948, p = 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora G Dimitrova
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, UMHAT "St. Marina".,Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Varna
| | | | - Nikolay V Conev
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, UMHAT "St. Marina".,Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Varna
| | - Javor K Kashlov
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Varna
| | - Aleksandar K Zlatarov
- Clinic of Surgery, UMHAT "St. Marina".,Department of General and Operative Surgery, Medical University of Varna
| | - Dilyan P Petrov
- Clinic of Surgery, UMHAT "St. Marina".,Department of General and Operative Surgery, Medical University of Varna
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivan S Donev
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, UMHAT "St. Marina".,Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Varna
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Targeting hexokinase II as a possible therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:409-415. [PMID: 28131825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of hexokinase 2 (HKII) has been demonstrated in various cancers. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies in several cancers show the significance of HKII in many cellular processes including proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. However, the role of HKII in Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is still unknown. In the present study, the expression and roles of HKII were determined in Ov associated CCA. The expression of HKII was investigated in 82 patients with histologically proven CCAs by immunohistochemistry. HKII was distinctively expressed in CCA tissues. It was rarely expressed in normal bile duct epithelium, but was expressed in hyperplastic/dysplastic and in 82% of CCA bile ducts. The observation was confirmed in the Ov associated hamster model. Suppression of HKII expression using siRNA significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion of CCA cell lines. Similar results were obtained using lonidamine (LND), an inhibitor of HK. LND significantly inhibited growth of 4 CCA cell lines tested in dose and time dependent fashion. Comparison the cytotoxic effects of LND and siRNA-HKII suggests the off target of LND above 100 μM. In addition, LND in non-cytotoxic doses could suppress migration and invasion of CCA cells. These results indicate the association of HKII in cholangiocarcinogenesis and progression and suggest the possibility of HKII as a therapeutic target for CCA.
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The Synergistic Effect of Selumetinib/Docetaxel Combination Therapy Monitored by [(18)F]FDG/[(18)F]FLT PET and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Colorectal Tumor Xenograft Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:249-57. [PMID: 26276154 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) were used to characterize the treatment effects of the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244), docetaxel, and their combination in HCT116 tumor-bearing mice on the molecular level. PROCEDURES Mice were treated with vehicle, selumetinib (25 mg/kg), docetaxel (15 mg/kg), or a combination of both drugs for 7 days and imaged at four time points with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) or 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT) followed by DW-MRI to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Data was cross-validated using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and compared to histology (IHC). RESULTS Each drug led to tumor growth inhibition but their combination resulted in regression. Separate analysis of PET or ADC could not provide significant differences between groups. Only PCC combined with IHC analysis revealed the highest therapeutic impact for combination therapy. CONCLUSION Combination treatment of selumetinib/docetaxel was superior to the respective mono-therapies shown by PCC of PET and ADC in conjunction with histology.
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Kawada K, Iwamoto M, Sakai Y. Mechanisms underlying 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in colorectal cancer. World J Radiol 2016; 8:880-886. [PMID: 27928469 PMCID: PMC5120247 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v8.i11.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a diagnostic tool to evaluate metabolic activity by measuring accumulation of FDG, an analogue of glucose, and has been widely used for detecting small tumors, monitoring treatment response and predicting patients’ prognosis in a variety of cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of FDG accumulation into tumors remains to be investigated. It is well-known that most cancers are metabolically active with elevated glucose metabolism, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. The underlying mechanisms for elevated glucose metabolism in cancer tissues are complex. Recent reports have indicated the potential of FDG-PET/CT scans in predicting mutational status (e.g., KRAS gene mutation) of colorectal cancer (CRC), which suggests that FDG-PET/CT scans may play a key role in determining therapeutic strategies by non-invasively predicting treatment response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. In this review, we summarize the current findings investigating the molecular mechanism of 18F-FDG accumulation in CRC.
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50
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Toda K, Kawada K, Iwamoto M, Inamoto S, Sasazuki T, Shirasawa S, Hasegawa S, Sakai Y. Metabolic Alterations Caused by KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Contribute to Cell Adaptation to Glutamine Depletion by Upregulation of Asparagine Synthetase. Neoplasia 2016; 18:654-665. [PMID: 27764698 PMCID: PMC5071549 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of clinical trials have shown that KRAS mutations of colorectal cancer (CRC) can predict a lack of responses to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor-based therapy. Recently, there have been several studies to elucidate metabolism reprogramming in cancer. However, it remains to be investigated how mutated KRAS can coordinate the metabolic shift to sustain CRC tumor growth. In this study, we found that KRAS mutation in CRC caused alteration in amino acid metabolism. KRAS mutation causes a marked decrease in aspartate level and an increase in asparagine level in CRC. Using several human CRC cell lines and clinical specimens of primary CRC, we demonstrated that the expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), an enzyme that synthesizes asparagine from aspartate, was upregulated by mutated KRAS and that ASNS expression was induced by KRAS-activated signaling pathway, in particular PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Importantly, we demonstrated that KRAS-mutant CRC cells could become adaptive to glutamine depletion through asparagine biosynthesis by ASNS and that asparagine addition could rescue the inhibited growth and viability of cells grown under the glutamine-free condition in vitro. Notably, a pronounced growth suppression of KRAS-mutant CRC was observed upon ASNS knockdown in vivo. Furthermore, combination of L-asparaginase plus rapamycin markedly suppressed the growth of KRAS-mutant CRC xenografts in vivo, whereas either L-asparaginase or rapamycin alone was not effective. These results indicate ASNS might be a novel therapeutic target against CRCs with mutated KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Toda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Susumu Inamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | - Senji Shirasawa
- Departments of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Suguru Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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