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Simunic M, Joshi JT, Merkens H, Colpo N, Kuo HT, Lum JJ, Bénard F. PSMA imaging as a non-invasive tool to monitor inducible gene expression in vivo. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:3. [PMID: 38177950 PMCID: PMC10767034 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Simunic
- Department of Hematology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre, Spinciceva 1, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Jay T Joshi
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 West 10Th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 West 10Th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 West 10Th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Julian J Lum
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- BC Cancer Research Institute, 675 West 10Th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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2
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Kuo HT, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Merkens H, Tan R, Wong AAWL, Uribe CF, Bénard F, Lin KS. Lys-urea-Aad, Lys-urea-Cmc and Lys-urea-Cms as potential pharmacophores for the design of PSMA-targeted radioligands to reduce off-target uptake in kidneys and salivary glands. Theranostics 2023; 13:4559-4573. [PMID: 37649602 PMCID: PMC10465233 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High kidney and salivary gland uptake is a common feature of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligands derived from the lysine-urea-glutamic acid (Lys-urea-Glu) pharmacophore. In this study we investigated if radioligands derived from lysine-urea-2-aminoadipic acid (Lys-urea-Aad), lysine-urea-S-carboxylmethylcysteine (Lys-urea-Cmc) and lysine-urea-O-carboxylmethylserine (Lys-urea-Cms) pharmacophores with/without an albumin binder could retain good PSMA-targeting capability but with minimized kidney and salivary gland uptake. Methods: HTK03177 and HTK03187 were obtained by replacing Aad in the previously reported Lys-urea-Aad-derived HTK03149 with Cmc and Cms, respectively. HTK03170, HTK04048 and HTK04028 were derived from HTK03149, HTK03177 and HTK03187, respectively, with the conjugation of an albumin-binding moiety, 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)butyric acid. In vitro competition binding assays were conducted using PSMA-expressing LNCaP prostate cancer cells and [18F]DCFPyL as the radioligand. Imaging and biodistribution studies of 68Ga-labeled HTK03177 and HTK03187, and 177Lu-labeled HTK03170, HTK04048 and HTK04028 were performed in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice. Radioligand therapy study of [177Lu]Lu-HTK03170 was carried out in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 was used for comparison. Results: The calculated Ki(PSMA) values of Ga-HTK03177, Ga-HTK03187, Lu-HTK03170, Lu-HTK04048 and Lu-HTK04028 were 5.0±2.4, 10.6±2.0, 1.6±0.4, 1.4±1.0 and 13.9±3.2 nM, respectively. PET Imaging and biodistribution studies at 1 h post-injection showed that both [68Ga]Ga-HTK03177 and [68Ga]Ga-HTK03187 had high uptake in LNCaP tumor xenografts (24.7±6.85 and 21.1±3.62 %ID/g, respectively) but minimal uptake in normal organs/tissues including kidneys (7.76±1.00 and 2.83±0.45 %ID/g, respectively) and salivary glands (0.22±0.02 and 0.16±0.02 %ID/g, respectively). SPECT imaging and biodistribution studies showed that the LNCaP tumor uptake of 177Lu-labeled HTK03170, HTK04048 and HTK04028 peaked at 4-24 h post-injection at ~43-65 %ID/g and was relatively sustained over time. Their peaked average uptake in kidneys (≤ 17.4 %ID/g) and salivary glands (≤ 2.92 %ID/g) was lower and continuously reduced over time. Radioligand therapy study showed that compared with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (37 MBq), a quarter dose of [177Lu]Lu-HTK03170 (9.3 MBq) led to a better median survival (63 vs 90 days). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that that Lys-urea-Aad, Lys-urea-Cmc and Lys-urea-Cms are promising pharmacophores for the design of PSMA-targeted radioligands especially for radiotherapeutic applications to minimize toxicity to kidneys and salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Ruiyan Tan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | | | - Carlos F. Uribe
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4E6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z1M9, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4E6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z1M9, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4E6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z1M9, Canada
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3
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Lu K, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Kuo HT, Colpo N, Bénard F, Lin KS. Synthesis and Evaluation of 99mTc-Labeled PSMA-Targeted Tracers Based on the Lys-Urea-Aad Pharmacophore for Detecting Prostate Cancer with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography. Molecules 2023; 28:5120. [PMID: 37446782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-validated prostate cancer marker but reported PSMA-targeted tracers derived from the Lys-urea-Glu pharmacophore including the clinically validated [99mTc]Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA have high off-target uptake in kidneys, spleen, and salivary glands. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated three novel 99mTc-labeled PSMA-targeted tracers and investigated if the tracers derived from the Lys-urea-Aad pharmacophore could have minimized uptake in off-target organs/tissues. In vitro competition binding assays showed that compared with HYNIC-iPSMA, the three novel ligands had slightly weaker PSMA binding affinity (average Ki = 3.11 vs. 8.96-11.6 nM). Imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice showed that [99mTc]Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA and the three novel tracers successfully visualized LNCaP tumor xenografts in SPECT images and were excreted mainly via the renal pathway. The average tumor uptake at 1 h post-injection varied from 5.40 to 18.8%ID/g, and the tracers derived from the Lys-urea-Aad pharmacophore had much lower uptake in the spleen and salivary glands. Compared with the clinical tracer [99mTc]Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA, the Lys-urea-Aad-derived [99mTc]Tc-EDDA-KL01127 had lower background uptake and superior tumor-to-background contrast ratios and is therefore promising for clinical translation to detect prostate cancer lesions with SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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4
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Lozada J, Kuo HT, Lin WX, Lin KS, Bénard F, Perrin DM. Imidazolium-methylene-trifluoroborate: A novel radioprosthetic group validated with preclinical 18 F-Positron Emission Tomography imaging of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen in mice. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:130-137. [PMID: 36813569 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Organotrifluoroborates have gained acceptance as radioprosthetic groups for radiofluorination. Of these, the zwitterionic prosthetic group "AMBF3 " with a quaternary dimethylammonium ion dominates the trifluoroborate space. Herein, we report on imidazolium-methylene trifluoroborate (ImMBF3 ) as an alternative radioprosthetic group and report on its properties in the context of a PSMA-targeting EUK ligand that was previously been conjugated to AMBF3 . The ImMBF3 is readily synthesized from imidazole and conjugated via CuAAC "click" chemistry to give a structure similar to PSMA-617. 18 F-labeling proceeded in one step per our previous reports and imaged in LNCaP-xenograft bearing mice. The [18 F]-PSMA-617-ImMBF3 tracer proved to be less polar (LogP7.4 = -2.95 ± 0.03) while showing a significantly lower solvolytic rate (t1/2 = 8100 min) and slightly higher molar activity (Am) at 174 ± 38 GBq/μmol. Tumor uptake was measured at 13.7 ± 4.8%ID/g and a tumor:muscle ratio of 74.2 ± 35.0, tumor:blood ratio of 21.4 ± 7.0, tumor:kidney ratio of 0.29 ± 0.14, and tumor:bone ratio of 23.5 ± 9.5. In comparison with previously reported PSMA-targeting EUK-AMBF3 conjugates, we have altered the LogP7.4 value, tuned the solvolytic half-life of the prosthetic, and increased radiochemical conversion while achieving similar tumor uptake, contrast ratios, and molar activities compared with AMBF3 bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lozada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wen Xuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Lozada J, Xuan Lin W, Cao-Shen RM, Astoria Tai R, Perrin DM. Salt Metathesis: Tetrafluoroborate Anion Rapidly Fluoridates Organoboronic Acids to give Organotrifluoroborates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215371. [PMID: 36720697 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tetrafluoroborate (BF4 - ) has long been used as a spectator counter anion. Herein, we report an unprecedented salt metathesis between a variety of BF4 - salts and a series of organoboronic acids yielding the corresponding organotrifluoroborates. We identified conditions for fast and efficient fluoridation (<1 h) with minimal workup. Fundamentally, this work discloses the proclivity of BF4 - to exchange fluoride atoms with organoboronates, highlighting the lability of BF4 - .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lozada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Wen Xuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rosana M Cao-Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ruyin Astoria Tai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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6
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Verena A, Zhang Z, Kuo HT, Merkens H, Zeisler J, Wilson R, Bendre S, Wong AAWL, Bénard F, Lin KS. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Three Novel 68Ga-Labeled Bispecific PSMA/FAP-Targeting Tracers for Prostate Cancer Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031088. [PMID: 36770755 PMCID: PMC9921851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity limits the efficacy and reliability of monospecific radiopharmaceuticals in prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy. To overcome this limitation and improve lesion detection sensitivity, we developed and evaluated three bispecific radiotracers that can target both prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which are the two key proteins overexpressed in prostate cancer. Three FAP-targeting ligands with various linker lengths were synthesized through multistep organic synthesis, and then connected to the PSMA-targeting motif. IC50(PSMA) and IC50(FAP) values of Ga-complexed bispecific ligands, Ga-AV01017, Ga-AV01030, and Ga-AV01038 were 25.2-71.6 and 1.25-2.74 nM, respectively. The uptake values in PSMA-expressing LNCaP tumor xenografts were 4.38 ± 0.55, 5.17 ± 0.51, and 4.25 ± 0.86 %ID/g for [68Ga]Ga-AV01017, [68Ga]Ga-AV01030, and [68Ga]Ga-AV01038, respectively, which were lower than the monospecific PSMA-targeting tracer [68Ga]Ga-HTK03041 (23.1 ± 6.11 %ID/g). The uptake values in FAP-expressing HEK293T:hFAP tumor xenografts were 2.99 ± 0.37, 3.69 ± 0.81, 3.64 ± 0.83 %ID/g for [68Ga]Ga-AV01017, [68Ga]Ga-AV01030, and [68Ga]Ga-AV01038, respectively, which were also lower than the monospecific FAP-targeting tracer, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 (12.5 ± 2.00 %ID/g). We observed that the bispecific tracers had prolonged blood retention, in which tracers with a longer linker tend to have a higher blood uptake and lower tumor uptake. Further investigations are needed to optimize the linker selection to generate promising bispecific PSMA/FAP-targeting tracers for prostate cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsyangela Verena
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Ryan Wilson
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Shreya Bendre
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Antonio A. W. L. Wong
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z1M9, Canada
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4E6, Canada
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (K.-S.L.); Tel.: +1-604-675-8208 (K.-S.L.)
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z1M9, Canada
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4E6, Canada
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (K.-S.L.); Tel.: +1-604-675-8208 (K.-S.L.)
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Eltit F, Robinson N, Yu PLI, Pandey M, Lozada J, Guo Y, Sharma M, Ozturan D, Ganier L, Belanger E, Lack NA, Perrin DM, Cox ME, Goldenberg SL. The "Ins and Outs" of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) as Specific Target in Prostate Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:291-308. [PMID: 37093434 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed in epithelial cells of the prostate gland and is strongly upregulated in prostatic adenocarcinoma, with elevated expression correlating with metastasis, progression, and androgen independence. Because of its specificity, PSMA is a major target of prostate cancer therapy; however, detectable levels of PSMA are also found in other tissues, especially in salivary glands and kidney, generating bystander damage of these tissues. Antibody target therapy has been used with relative success in reducing tumor growth and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. However, since antibodies are highly stable in plasma, they have prolonged time in circulation and accumulate in organs with an affinity for antibodies such as bone marrow. For that reason, a second generation of PSMA targeted therapeutic agents has been developed. Small molecules and minibodies have had promising clinical trial results, but concerns about their specificity had arisen with side effects due to accumulation in salivary glands and kidneys. Herein we study the specificity of small molecules and minibodies that are currently being clinically tested. We observed a high affinity of these molecules for PSMA in prostate, kidney and salivary gland, suggesting that their effect is not prostate specific. The search for specific prostate target agents must continue so as to optimally treat patients with prostate cancer, while minimizing deleterious effects in other PSMA expressing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Eltit
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nicole Robinson
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pak Lok Ivan Yu
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mitali Pandey
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jerome Lozada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yubin Guo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dogancan Ozturan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laetitia Ganier
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Eric Belanger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan A Lack
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael E Cox
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S Larry Goldenberg
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
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8
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Neels OC, Kopka K, Liolios C, Afshar-Oromieh A. Radiolabeled PSMA Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6255. [PMID: 34944875 PMCID: PMC8699044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PSMA has shown to be a promising target for diagnosis and therapy (theranostics) of prostate cancer. We have reviewed developments in the field of radio- and fluorescence-guided surgery and targeted photodynamic therapy as well as multitargeting PSMA inhibitors also addressing albumin, GRPr and integrin αvβ3. An overview of the regulatory status of PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals in the USA and Europe is also provided. Technical and quality aspects of PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals are described and new emerging radiolabeling strategies are discussed. Furthermore, insights are given into the production, application and potential of alternatives beyond the commonly used radionuclides for radiolabeling PSMA inhibitors. An additional refinement of radiopharmaceuticals is required in order to further improve dose-limiting factors, such as nephrotoxicity and salivary gland uptake during endoradiotherapy. The improvement of patient treatment achieved by the advantageous combination of radionuclide therapy with alternative therapies is also a special focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. Neels
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christos Liolios
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
- INRASTES, Radiochemistry Laboratory, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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Zhou W, Huang S, Jiang Y, Hu K, Wang L, Han Y, Wu H. Automatic radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of 18F-AlF-PSMA-NF as a potential PET probe for prostate cancer imaging. Amino Acids 2021; 53:929-938. [PMID: 34014365 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Facile automatic production is important for the application of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) tracers in clinical practice. We developed a new 18F-AlF-labelled PSMA probe-18F-AlF-PSMA-NF-and explore its automated production method and potential value in clinical settings. 18F-AlF-PSMA-NF was prepared using an automated method with dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent in a positron emission tomography (PET)-MF-2 V-IT-I synthesizer. Tracer characteristics were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Micro-PET/computed tomography (CT) was performed to investigate the utility of 18F-AlF-PSMA-NF for imaging PSMA-positive tumours in vivo. 18F-AlF-PSMA-NF was prepared automatically within 35 min with a non-attenuation correction yield of 37.9 ± 11.2%. The tracer was hydrophilic, had a high affinity for PSMA (Kd = 2.58 ± 0.81 nM), and showed stability in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the cellular experiments, 18F-AlF-PSMA-NF uptake in PSMA-positive LNCaP cells was significantly higher than that in PSMA-negative PC-3 cells (P < 0.001), and could be blocked by excess ZJ-43-a PSMA inhibitor (P < 0.001). LNCaP tumours were clearly visualized by 18F-AlF-PSMA-NF on micro-PET/CT, with a high level of uptake (13.72 ± 2.01 percent injected dose per gram of tissue [%ID/g]) and high tumour/muscle ratio (close to 50:1). The PSMA-positive LNCaP tumours had a significantly higher uptake than PSMA-negative PC-3 tumours (13.72 ± 2.01%ID/g vs. 1.07 ± 0.48%ID/g, t = 10.382, P < 0.001), and could be blocked by ZJ-43 (13.72 ± 2.01%ID/g vs. 2.77 ± 1.44%ID/g, t = 8.14, P < 0.001). A new 18F-AlF-labelled PSMA probe-18F-AlF-PSMA-NF-was successfully developed and can be prepared automatically. It has the biological characteristics resembling that of a PSMA-based probe and can potentially be used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Zhou
- Department of NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shun Huang
- Department of NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Department of NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- Department of NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanjiang Han
- Department of NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hubing Wu
- Department of NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
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10
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Guo Y, Gao D, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Chen L, Mao Y, Yu C, Qiu L, Lin J. Preclinical Evaluation of a Fluorine-18 Labeled Probe for the Detection of the Expression of PSMA Level in Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8279-8287. [PMID: 33817487 PMCID: PMC8015112 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a prospect biomarker for the treatment of prostate cancer. Meanwhile, positron emission tomography (PET) is being developed as a significant imaging modality in cancer diagnosis. A new PET probe Glu-ureido-Lys-naphthylalanine-tranexamic acid-Gly(AMBF3)-triiodobenzoic acid (18F-GLNTGT) was radiosynthesized by a one-step 18F-labeled method. 18F-GLNTGT was obtained with a radioactivity yield (RCY) of 12.16 ± 6.4% and a good radiochemical purity (RCP > 96%). The cell uptakes of 18F-GLNTGT were determined to be 15.9 ± 0.43% ID and 9.47 ± 1.26% ID at 15 min in LNCaP cells and PC-3 cells, respectively. The cell internalization of 18F-GLNTGT was determined to be 12.89 ± 0.94% ID and 5.34 ± 0.15% ID at 15 min in LNCaP cells and PC-3 cells, respectively. It is suggested that the probe has good specificity targeting PSMA. From the results of 18F-GLNTGT binding affinity with PSMA, it has a higher affinity and a K i value of 0.49 nM (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35-0.67 nM). In PET imaging, 18F-GLNTGT showed the highest tumor uptake of 3.51 ± 0.15% ID/g at 45 min and the maximum tumor/muscle (T/Mmax) ratio of 3.68 ± 0.29 at 60 min post-injection (p.i.) in LNCaP tumors. The control probe 18F-AlF-NOTA-RGD2 presented the highest tumor uptake of 4.2 ± 0.54% ID/g at 7.5 min and the T/Mmax ratio of 2.72 ± 0.63 at 45 min p.i. in LNCaP tumors. The results showed that the probe has a higher tumor/muscle ratio compared with the control probe 18F-AlF-NOTA-RGD2. Although the probe 18F-GLNTGT has some limitations for CT signal detection both in cells and in vivo, it is still a promising PET probe for targeting PSMA membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Guo
- Wuxi
School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Dingyao Gao
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Yinfei Chen
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital
of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, P. R. China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital
of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, P. R. China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department
of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214062, P. R. China
| | - Chunjing Yu
- Wuxi
School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital
of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, P. R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
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11
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Kuo HT, Lin KS, Zhang Z, Uribe CF, Merkens H, Zhang C, Bénard F. 177Lu-Labeled Albumin-Binder-Conjugated PSMA-Targeting Agents with Extremely High Tumor Uptake and Enhanced Tumor-to-Kidney Absorbed Dose Ratio. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:521-527. [PMID: 32859704 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.250738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of an albumin binder has been shown to improve tumor uptake of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radiotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to develop improved radiotherapeutic agents that combine an optimized affinity-modifying group and optimized albumin binders to maximize the tumor-to-kidney absorbed dose ratio. Methods: 68Ga-labeled DOTA-conjugated lysine-ureido-glutamate-based PSMA-targeting agents bearing various affinity-modifying groups or albumin binders were synthesized and evaluated by PET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice. The optimized affinity-modifying group and albumin binders were combined, and the resulting derivatives were radiolabeled with 177Lu and evaluated by SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution studies in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice. Radiation dosimetry was calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software. Results: Affinity-modifying group optimization revealed that 68Ga-HTK03041 bearing a tranexamic acid-9-anthrylalanine affinity-modifying group had the highest tumor uptake (23.1 ± 6.11 percentage injected dose [%ID]/g at 1 h after injection). Albumin binder optimization showed that 68Ga-HTK03055 and 68Ga-HTK03086 bearing the N-(4-(p-chlorophenyl)butanoyl)-Gly and N-(4-(p-methoxyphenyl)butanoyl)-Gly motifs, respectively, had relatively faster tumor accumulation (∼30 %ID/g at 3 h after injection) and lower average kidney uptake (<55 %ID/g at both 1 and 3 h after injection). Combining the tranexamic acid-9-anthrylalanine affinity-modifying group with N-(4-(p-chlorophenyl)butanoyl)-Gly and N-(4-(p-methoxyphenyl)butanoyl)-Gly albumin-binding motifs generated HTK03121 and HTK03123, respectively. 177Lu-HTK03121 and 177Lu-HTK03123 had extremely high peak uptake (104 ± 20.3 and 70.8 ± 23.7 %ID/g, respectively) in LNCaP tumor xenografts, and this peak was sustained up to 120 h after injection. Dosimetry calculation showed that compared with 177Lu-PSMA-617, 177Lu-HTK03121 and 177Lu-HTK03123 delivered 18.7- and 12.7-fold higher absorbed dose to tumor but only 6.4- and 6.3-fold higher absorbed dose to kidneys, leading to 2.9- and 2.0-fold improvement in the tumor-to-kidney absorbed dose ratios. Conclusion: With greatly enhanced tumor uptake and tumor-to-kidney absorbed dose ratio, 177Lu-HTK03121 and 177Lu-HTK03123 have the potential to improve treatment efficacy using significantly lower quantities of 177Lu and are promising candidates for clinical translation to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .,Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carlos F Uribe
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Lau J, Rousseau J, Kwon D, Bénard F, Lin KS. A Systematic Review of Molecular Imaging Agents Targeting Bradykinin B1 and B2 Receptors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13080199. [PMID: 32824565 PMCID: PMC7464927 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinins, bradykinin and kallidin are vasoactive peptides that signal through the bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R and B2R). B2R is constitutively expressed in healthy tissues and mediates responses such as vasodilation, fluid balance and retention, smooth muscle contraction, and algesia, while B1R is absent in normal tissues and is induced by tissue trauma or inflammation. B2R is activated by kinins, while B1R is activated by kinins that lack the C-terminal arginine residue. Perturbations of the kinin system have been implicated in inflammation, chronic pain, vasculopathy, neuropathy, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In general, excess activation and signaling of the kinin system lead to a pro-inflammatory state. Depending on the disease context, agonism or antagonism of the bradykinin receptors have been considered as therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize molecular imaging agents targeting these G protein-coupled receptors, including optical and radioactive probes that have been used to interrogate B1R/B2R expression at the cellular and anatomical levels, respectively. Several of these preclinical agents, described herein, have the potential to guide therapeutic interventions for these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Julie Rousseau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Daniel Kwon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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13
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Wong AAWL, Lozada J, Lepage ML, Zhang C, Merkens H, Zeisler J, Lin KS, Bénard F, Perrin DM. Synthesis and 18F-radiolabeling of thymidine AMBF 3 conjugates. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:569-576. [PMID: 33479658 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of 18F-labeled nucleosides for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we report on the chemical and radiochemical synthesis of two thymidine (dT) analogs, dT-C5-AMBF3 and dT-N3-AMBF3, that are radiofluorinated by isotope exchange (IEX) and studied as PET imaging agents in mice with tumor xenografts. dT-C5-AMBF3 shows preferential, and tumor-specific, uptake over dT-N3-AMBF3. This work provides a new synthetic method in order to access new nucleoside tracers for PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio A W L Wong
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia (UBC) , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC , V6T 1Z1 Canada .
| | - Jerome Lozada
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia (UBC) , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC , V6T 1Z1 Canada .
| | - Mathieu L Lepage
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia (UBC) , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC , V6T 1Z1 Canada .
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology , B.C. Cancer Research Centre (BCCRC) , 675 West 10th Avenue , Vancouver , BC , V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology , B.C. Cancer Research Centre (BCCRC) , 675 West 10th Avenue , Vancouver , BC , V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology , B.C. Cancer Research Centre (BCCRC) , 675 West 10th Avenue , Vancouver , BC , V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology , B.C. Cancer Research Centre (BCCRC) , 675 West 10th Avenue , Vancouver , BC , V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology , B.C. Cancer Research Centre (BCCRC) , 675 West 10th Avenue , Vancouver , BC , V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia (UBC) , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC , V6T 1Z1 Canada .
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14
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Wurzer A, Di Carlo D, Schmidt A, Beck R, Eiber M, Schwaiger M, Wester HJ. Radiohybrid Ligands: A Novel Tracer Concept Exemplified by 18F- or 68Ga-Labeled rhPSMA Inhibitors. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:735-742. [PMID: 31862804 PMCID: PMC7198388 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.234922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When we critically assess the reason for the current dominance of 68Ga-labeled peptides and peptide-like ligands in radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine, we have to conclude that the major advantage of such radiopharmaceuticals is the apparent lack of suitable 18F-labeling technologies with proven clinical relevance. To prepare and to subsequently perform a clinical proof-of-concept study on the general suitability of silicon-fluoride-acceptor (SiFA)-conjugated radiopharmaceuticals, we developed inhibitors of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) that are labeled by isotopic exchange (IE). To compensate for the pronounced lipophilicity of the SiFA unit, we used metal chelates, conjugated in close proximity to SiFA. Six different radiohybrid PSMA ligands (rhPSMA ligands) were evaluated and compared with the commonly used 18F-PSMA inhibitors 18F-DCFPyL and 18F-PSMA-1007. Methods: All inhibitors were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Human serum albumin binding was measured by affinity high-performance liquid chromatography, whereas the lipophilicity of each tracer was determined by the n-octanol/buffer method. In vitro studies (IC50, internalization) were performed on LNCaP cells. Biodistribution studies were conducted on LNCaP tumor-bearing male CB-17 SCID mice. Results: On the laboratory scale (starting activities, 0.2-9.0 GBq), labeling of 18F-rhPSMA-5 to -10 by IE was completed in < 20 min (radiochemical yields, 58% ± 9%; radiochemical purity, >97%) with molar activities of 12-60 GBq/μmol. All rhPSMAs showed low nanomolar affinity and high internalization by PSMA-expressing cells when compared with the reference radiopharmaceuticals, medium-to-low lipophilicity, and high human serum albumin binding. Biodistribution studies in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice revealed high tumor uptake, sufficiently fast clearance kinetics from blood, low hepatobiliary excretion, fast renal excretion, and very low uptake of 18F activity in bone. Conclusion: The novel 18F-rhPSMA radiopharmaceuticals developed under the radiohybrid concept show equal or better targeting characteristics than the established 18F-PSMA tracers 18F-DCFPyL and 18F-PSMA-1007. The unparalleled simplicity of production, the possibility to produce the identical 68Ga-labeled 19F-68Ga-rhPSMA tracers, and the possibility to extend this concept to true theranostic radiohybrid radiopharmaceuticals, such as F-Lu-rhPSMA, are unique features of these radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wurzer
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; and
| | - Daniel Di Carlo
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; and
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; and
| | - Roswitha Beck
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; and
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; and
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15
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Lepage ML, Kuo H, Roxin Á, Huh S, Zhang Z, Kandasamy R, Merkens H, Kumlin JO, Limoges A, Zeisler SK, Lin K, Bénard F, Perrin DM. Toward18F‐Labeled Theranostics: A Single Agent that Can Be Labeled with18F,64Cu, or177Lu. Chembiochem 2020; 21:943-947. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu L. Lepage
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | | | - Áron Roxin
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
- BC Cancer 675 W 10th Avenue Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of British Columbia 2775 Laurel Street Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada
| | - Sungjoon Huh
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- BC Cancer 675 W 10th Avenue Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of British Columbia 2775 Laurel Street Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada
| | - Rajaguru Kandasamy
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- BC Cancer 675 W 10th Avenue Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of British Columbia 2775 Laurel Street Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada
| | | | - Alan Limoges
- TRIUMF 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | | | - Kuo‐Shyan Lin
- BC Cancer 675 W 10th Avenue Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - François Bénard
- BC Cancer 675 W 10th Avenue Vancouver BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of British Columbia 2775 Laurel Street Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada
| | - David M. Perrin
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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16
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Wang J, van Dam RM. High-Efficiency Production of Radiopharmaceuticals via Droplet Radiochemistry: A Review of Recent Progress. Mol Imaging 2020; 19:1536012120973099. [PMID: 33296272 PMCID: PMC7731702 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120973099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New platforms are enabling radiochemistry to be carried out in tiny, microliter-scale volumes, and this capability has enormous benefits for the production of radiopharmaceuticals. These droplet-based technologies can achieve comparable or better yields compared to conventional methods, but with vastly reduced reagent consumption, shorter synthesis time, higher molar activity (even for low activity batches), faster purification, and ultra-compact system size. We review here the state of the art of this emerging direction, summarize the radiotracers and prosthetic groups that have been synthesized in droplet format, describe recent achievements in scaling up activity levels, and discuss advantages and limitations and the future outlook of these innovative devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R. Michael van Dam
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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