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Parel PM, Berg AR, Hong CG, Florida EM, O'Hagan R, Sorokin AV, Mehta NN. Updates in the Impact of Chronic Systemic Inflammation on Vascular Inflammation by Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:317-326. [PMID: 35171444 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we focus on the clinical and epidemiological studies pertaining to systemic and vascular inflammation by positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and psoriasis to highlight the importance of chronic systemic inflammation on vascular inflammation by PET in these disease states. RECENT FINDINGS Recent clinical and translation advancements have demonstrated the durable relationship between chronic systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In chronic inflammatory states, this relationship is robustly evident in the form of increased vascular inflammation, yet traditional risk estimates often underestimate the subclinical cardiovascular risk conferred by chronic inflammation. PET has emerged as a novel, non-invasive imaging modality capable of both quantifying the degree of systemic and vascular inflammation and detecting residual inflammation prior to cardiovascular events. We begin by demonstrating the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, discussing how PET has been utilized to measure systemic and vascular inflammation and their effect on subclinical atherosclerosis, and finally reviewing recent applications of PET in constructing improved risk stratification for patients at high risk for stroke and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Parel
- Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Clinical Research Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander R Berg
- Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Clinical Research Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christin G Hong
- Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Clinical Research Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Florida
- Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Clinical Research Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ross O'Hagan
- Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Clinical Research Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander V Sorokin
- Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Clinical Research Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Clinical Research Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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